MOOC 英语语音-上海师范大学 中国大学慕课答案

MOOC英语语音-上海师范大学中国大学慕课答案AchievementTest11、问题：Thesoftpalateisalsocalled__________选项：A、velumB、uvulaC、epiglottisD、trachea正确答案:【velum】2、问题：Thebackofthetonguehelpstoproduce__________sounds.选项：A、velarB、dentalC、alveolarD、palatal正确答案:【velar】3、问题：/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/areproducedwiththehelpof__________.选项：A、theupperteethandinnerlowerlipB、theupperandlowerlipC、thetonguetiponorclosetothealveolarridgeD、thetipofthetongueraisedclosetothehardpalate正确答案:【theupperandlowerlip】4、问题：Thesoundsproducedwiththehelpoftheupperteetharecalled__________sounds.选项：A、bilabialB、labio-dentalC、dentalD、post-alveolar正确答案:【dental】5、问题：Thestudyofspeechorgansisimportanttoknowthenatureof__________.选项：A、speechproductionB、speechcontestC、telegraphicspeechD、publicspeech正确答案:【speechproduction】6、问题：Theorgansthattakepartinproductionofspeechsoundsarecalled__________选项：A、speechproductionB、pharyngealcavityC、nasalcavityD、speechorgans正确答案:【speechorgans】7、问题：Thepositionalvariantsofthesamephonemeareknownas__________.选项：A、soundsB、vowelsC、consonantsD、allophones正确答案:【allophones】8、问题：InEnglish,[l]and[?]areallophonesofthephoneme/l/becausetheyoccurin___________________,i.e.,theyneverappearinthesamesoundcontexts.[l]alwaysoccursbeforevowels(asinthewordleaf,look),while[?]comesaftervowelsandbeforeconsonants(asinthewordfeel,cold).选项：A、freevariationB、aminimalsetC、complementarydistributionD、regionaldifferences正确答案:【complementarydistribution】9、问题：UsingthediacriticsprovidedbytheIPA,_____________transcriptioncapturesasmanyaspectsofaspecificpronunciationaspossibleandmakesverysubtledistinctionsbetweensounds.选项：A、broadB、narrowC、phoneticD、conventional正确答案:【narrow】10、问题：/p/and/b/canappearininitialposition(asinpinandbin)andalsoinfinalposition(asinropeandrobe)．Theyareinphonemiccontrastandsaidtoforma_______________becausetheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddistinguishmeaning.选项：A、complementarydistributionB、allophonicdistributionC、minimalpairD、segmentalphoneme正确答案:【minimalpair】AchievementTest21、问题：Likealllanguagesintheworld,Englishphonemesarealsodividedintovowelsandconsonants.Thedistinctionbetweenthetwoliesintheobstructionof__________.选项：A、mouthB、airstreamC、noseD、vocalcords正确答案:【airstream】2、问题：The__________Pronunciation,orRPforshort,istheinstantlyrecognisableaccentoftendescribedas‘typicallyBritish’.ItisdefinedintheConciseOxfordEnglishDictionaryas“thestandardaccentofEnglishasspokeninthesouthofEngland”.选项：A、RenownedB、RespectedC、RespectableD、Received正确答案:【Received】3、问题：Thevowel__________canbedescribedaslow,front,andunrounded,butthefeature“unrounded”isusuallyomittedbecauseallfrontvowelsinEnglishareunrounded.选项：A、/?/B、/e/C、/i:/D、/?/正确答案:【/?/】4、问题：Syllabically,althoughadiphthongisacombinationoftwovowelsounds,andthetongueglidesintheproductionofit,itisperceivedasonephoneme,nottwo.Thus,diphthongsaretreatedashavingone__________only.选项：A、stressB、syllableC、vowelD、allophone正确答案:【syllable】5、问题：Wordssuchasfire/fa??/,flour/fla??/,orloyal/l???l/areconsideredbythenativeEnglishspeakerstohaveonlyonesyllable,whereashigher/ha??/andplayer/ple??/aremorelikelytobeheardwithdisyllabicrealizationsbecausethethirdvowelisa__________.选项：A、triphthongB、suffixC、monophthongD、diphthong正确答案:【suffix】6、问题：Intheproductionofaconsonantsound,theairstreamfromthelungsmeetsnoobstructionofanykindinthethroat,thenose,orthemouth,whileinthepronunciationofavowel,theairstreamfromthelungsisobstructedinonewayoranother.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】7、问题：DanielJonesworkedoutasetofCardinalVowelsthatstudentslearningphoneticscouldbetaughttoproduce,theaimofwhichistogiveanapproximatepictureofthedegreeanddirectionofthetonguemovementinvolved.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】8、问题：/i:/and/?/arebothhighfrontvowels,but/i:/isabitlowerandmoreforwardthan/?/.Inaddition,/i:/istenseinthattherootofthetongueismoreadvancedthanwith/?/,whichislax.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】9、问题：Englishdiphthongsaredividedintobothfallingdiphthongs(thefirstvowelsoundispronouncedlonger,louderandstrongerthanthesecondone),andrisingdiphthongs(thesecondsoundisproducedlongerandstrongerthanthefirst选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】10、问题：Iftwoadjacentvowelsoundsoccurindifferentsyllables—forexample,intheEnglishwordre-elect(/?ri:??lekt/)—theresultisdescribedashiatusnotasadiphthong.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】Achievementtests31、问题：Consonantsareformedbyinterrupting,narrowingordivertingtheairflowinavarietyofways.TherearethreewaysofclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsounds:__________ofarticulation,mannerofarticulationandvoicing.选项：A、placeB、obstructionC、aspirationD、vibration正确答案:【place】2、问题：Whentheletterncomebeforegork,itispronouncedas/?/asinstrong,bang,thank,drink.However,whengisfollowedbyeori,theletternisreadas/n/asinstrange,stranger,arrange,longitudebecausethelettergispronouncedas__________.选项：A、/?/B、/?/C、/?/D、/?/正确答案:【/?/】3、问题：RPhastwoallophonicvariantsof/r/.Oneisretroflex[r],andtheotheristaporflap[?].Inthepronunciationofretroflex[r],thetonguecurlsbackwardandretroflexesatthe__________.选项：A、frontB、centralC、tipD、root正确答案:【tip】4、问题：The/r/maybereplacedbyanalveolartap[?]inintervocalicpositions(e.g.very,sorry,tomorrow)andinword-final/r/__________withaninitialvowel(e.g.faraway).选项：A、connectingB、joiningC、insertingD、linking正确答案:【linking】5、问题：Generallyspeaking,plosivesoundsundergothreestages:theclosingstage,thecompressionstageandthe__________stage.选项：A、releaseB、unreleasedC、aspiratedD、unaspirated正确答案:【release】6、问题：Themannerofarticulationreferstothewayinwhichtheairstreamisobstructed.Forexample,withplosivesounds,thearticulationactsinsuchawaythattheairistemporarilytrapped,andthensuddenlyreleased.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】7、问题：Generallyspeaking,theplaceandthemannerofarticulationarethetwocommonfeaturesofanylanguagesexceptthevoicing,whichislanguagespecific.Forexample,voicingisadistinctivefeatureofMandarinChinese,whereasaspirationisthedistinctivefeatureofEnglish.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】8、问题：Plosivesoccurwhentheairstreamisblockedorstoppedcompletelybeforeitsrelease.Theyarealsoknownasstopsbecausetheyinvolvethecompleteblockageoftheairstream.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】9、问题：Thesound/?/remainsunchangedatthewordboundarieswhereitisfollowedbyawordbeginningwithavowelsoundasinbringit(/br???t/)andsingusasong(/s???s?s??/).However,inthecaseofadjectives,theaddingofthesuffixes–eror-esttothecomparativeandsuperlativedegreeofthewordslongerandlongesthaschangedthepronunciationof/?/into/?ɡ/.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】10、问题：Withintheclassofapproximants,lateral/l/andretroflex/r/arefurtherdistinguishedfromsemi-vowels/j/and/w/.Thisisbecause/j/and/w/aremadewithoutarestrictiontotheairflow.Theyarephoneticallylikeconsonantsbutphonologicallylikevowels.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】Achievementtests41、问题：ThegeneraldistributionofRPconsonantsisthatallconsonantscanoccurattheinitialpositionassingletonsexcept/n/,andthatallconsonantscanappearatthefinalpositionassingletonsexcept/h,w,j,r/.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】2、问题：Thedark[?]hastwotypesofdistributions.Oneisinword-finalposition,aftervowel,asincallandreal,andalsoaftervowel,beforeconsonant,suchascoldandhelp.Theotherissyllabic[??]:e.g.littleandtable.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】3、问题：Both‘clear’[l]and‘dark’[?]areformedwiththetipofthetonguetouchingtheteethridge.Theonlydifferenceisthatinthearticulationofthe‘clear’[l],thebackpartofthetongueisraisedtowardsthehardpalate.Inthearticulationofthe‘dark’[?],thefrontpartofthetongueisraisedtowardsthesoftpalateandslightlyvelarised,withaconcaveuppersurface.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】4、问题：Withintheclassofapproximants,lateral/l/andretroflex/r/arefurtherdistinguishedfromsemi-vowels/j/and/w/.Thisisbecause/j/and/w/aremadewithoutarestrictiontotheairflow.Theyarephoneticallylikeconsonantsbutphonologicallylikevowels.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】5、问题：Affricatesoccurwhenacompleteclosureismadesomewhereinthemouth,andthesoftpalateisraised.Airpressureincreasesbehindtheclosure,andisthenreleasedmoreslowlythaninplosives.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】6、问题：Thesound/?/remainsunchangedatthewordboundarieswhereitisfollowedbyawordbeginningwithavowelsoundasinbringit(/br???t/)andsingusasong(/s???s?s??/).However,inthecaseofadjectives,theaddingofthesuffixes–eror-esttothecomparativeandsuperlativedegreeofthewordslongerandlongesthaschangedthepronunciationof/?/into/?ɡ/.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】7、问题：Inaudible(incomplete)releaseofplosivesreferstotheprocessofarticulationofaplosiveisnotcomplete.Ithasonlytwostages,namely,theclosureandthecompression,withouttherelease.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】8、问题：Generallyspeaking,theplaceandthemannerofarticulationarethetwocommonfeaturesofanylanguagesexceptthevoicing,whichislanguagespecific.Forexample,voicingisadistinctivefeatureofMandarinChinese,whereasaspirationisthedistinctivefeatureofEnglish.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】9、问题：Englishdiphthongsaredividedintobothfallingdiphthongs(thefirstvowelsoundispronouncedlonger,louderandstrongerthanthesecondone),andrisingdiphthongs(thesecondsoundisproducedlongerandstrongerthanthefirst选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】10、问题：Iftwoadjacentvowelsoundsoccurindifferentsyllables—forexample,intheEnglishwordre-elect(/?ri:??lekt/)—theresultisdescribedashiatusnotasadiphthong.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】Achievementtest51、问题：Theminimumunitofspeechisasyllable.Syllableshaveaminimumofone(asinthewordair/e?/),andamaximumof__________structuralparts(asinthewordtext/tekst/).选项：A、twoB、threeC、fourD、five正确答案:【three】2、问题：__________consonantsareconsonantswhichformthenucleusofasyllablethatdoesnotcontainavowel.选项：A、NasalB、LateralC、ApproximantD、Syllabic正确答案:【Syllabic】3、问题：Infact,theformationofsyllabicconsonantshasmuchtodowiththe__________principle,aterminauditoryphoneticsfortheoverallloudnessofasoundrelativetoothersofthesamepitch,stressandduration.选项：A、sonorityB、maximumC、minimumD、articulatory正确答案:【sonority】4、问题：TheVandCVsyllablesarereferredtoasa/an__________syllablebecausetheyendwithavowel.选项：A、closedB、combinationC、openD、r-syllable正确答案:【open】5、问题：Statementsofwhatsequencesmayormaynotoccurarecalled__________.Thefulldescriptionofsuchconstraintsiscalledphonotactics.选项：A、regularitiesB、constraintsC、rulesD、restrictions正确答案:【constraints】6、问题：Syllablesareunitsoflanguage,smallerthanawordbutlargerthanaphoneme,andeverylanguageissaidtohavesyllables.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】7、问题：Phonologicaltreatmentsofsyllablestructureusuallycallthefirstpartofasyllabletheonset,themiddlepartthenucleusandtheendpartthecoda.Thecombinationofnucleusandcodaiscalledtherhyme.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】8、问题：Asyllabicconsonantistobeinterpretedphonologicallyas/?/plusaconsonant,butphoneticallyastheunder-stroke[??]combiningverticallinebelowaconsonant.Thus,thewordbuttonisphonologically['b?tn?]butphonetically/'b?t?n/.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】9、问题：NotallEnglishvowelphonemescanoccurintheCVsyllablepattern,butallcanappearintheCVCpattern.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】10、问题：Englishhasacomplexsystemofconsonantclusters,inwhichtwoormoreconsonantsoccurinsequenceinonsetorcodaposition.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】Achievementtests61、问题：__________stressistherelativedegreeofforcegiventoacertainsyllableinawordofmorethanonesyllablewhenitispronouncedinisolation,asifquotedfromadictionary.选项：A、NuclearB、WordC、TonicD、Sentence正确答案:【Word】2、问题：Stressedsyllablesbearfourphysiologicalproperties:loudness,vowelduration,pitchandvowel__________.选项：A、intensityB、reductionC、quantityD、quality正确答案:【quality】3、问题：Absenceofstressonasyllable,oronawordinsomecases,isfrequentlyassociatedinEnglishwithvowel__________,thechangesthatresultfromunstressedsyllables.选项：A、reductionB、qualityC、loudnessD、pitch正确答案:【reduction】4、问题：__________,onthewhole,donothavemucheffectontheplacementofthebaseorrootelement.选项：A、AffixesB、PrefixesC、DerivationD、Suffixes正确答案:【Prefixes】5、问题：Therearetwotypesof-ing+nouncombinations.Foronetype,the-ingformservesasamodifierofthenounandexpressesthepurposeofthenoun;forinstance,dining-roommeanstheroomfordining.Insuchcircumstances,thewordstressalwaysfallsonthe___________element.选项：A、firstB、secondC、eitherD、neither正确答案:【first】6、问题：SomewordsinEnglishareshownindictionariesashavingthreelevelsofstress:primary,secondary,unstressedorweak.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】7、问题：Ineverylexicalword,andinsomegrammaticalwords,onesyllableisidentifiedashavingprimarystress,thoughinmonosyllablesthestressisnotgenerallymarked.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】8、问题：Wordstressistheframeworkuponwhichsentencestressandintonationcontourisbuilt.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】9、问题：Thepitchmovementisassociatedwithsecondarystress,butnotwithprimarystress.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】10、问题：Themajorstressontwo-syllablewordsismorelikelytofallonthesecondsyllableifthewordisanounoranadjective,andonthefirstsyllableifthewordisaverb.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】Achievementtests1、问题：Stressedsyllablesbearfourphysiologicalproperties:loudness,vowelduration,pitchandvowel__________.选项：A、quantityB、intensityC、reductionD、quality正确答案:【quality】2、问题：Infact,theformationofsyllabicconsonantshasmuchtodowiththe__________principle,aterminauditoryphoneticsfortheoverallloudnessofasoundrelativetoothersofthesamepitch,stressandduration.选项：A、sonorityB、maximumC、minimumD、articulatory正确答案:【sonority】3、问题：InEnglish,[l]and[?]areallophonesofthephoneme/l/becausetheyoccurin___________________,i.e.,theyneverappearinthesamesoundcontexts.[l]alwaysoccursbeforevowels(asinthewordleaf,look),while[?]comesaftervowelsandbeforeconsonants(asinthewordfeel,cold).选项：A、freevariationB、aminimalsetC、complementarydistributionD、regionaldifferences正确答案:【complementarydistribution】4、问题：The__________Pronunciation,orRPforshort,istheinstantlyrecognisableaccentoftendescribedas‘typicallyBritish’.ItisdefinedintheConciseOxfordEnglishDictionaryas“thestandardaccentofEnglishasspokeninthesouthofEngland”.选项：A、RenownedB、RespectedC、RespectableD、Received正确答案:【Received】5、问题：Stressisbeingusedinamoregeneralway.Itreferstothesyllablethatreceiveslexicalstress.__________,ontheotherhand,isbeingusedinamorespecificway.Itisaplacewhereatonalmarkerwillfallonthelexicallystressedsyllable.选项：A、LoudnessB、IntensityC、AccentD、Emphasis正确答案:【Accent】6、问题：Inmorethanthree-syllablewords,iftheprimarystressfallsonthethirdsyllableorlater,thesecondarystressareusuallymarkedononeoftheprecedingsyllables,forexample,introduction//?ntr?d?k?n/andeducation/e?uke??n/.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】7、问题：WordstressinEnglishisnotaspredictableasitisinotherlanguages,andtherefore,thestressplacementinEnglishwordsisnotrule-governe选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】8、问题：Phonologicaltreatmentsofsyllablestructureusuallycallthefirstpartofasyllabletheonset,themiddlepartthenucleusandtheendpartthecodThecombinationofnucleusandcodaiscalledtherhyme.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】9、问题：NotallEnglishvowelphonemescanoccurintheCVsyllablepattern,butallcanappearintheCVCpattern.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】10、问题：Incodaposition,themaximumnumberofclustersisfour.Manyclustersoftwoorthreeandvirtuallyallclusteroffouraretheresultofaddingaplural/s,z/orapasttense/t,d/inflectiontoastemendingintwoorthreeconsonants选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】Achievementtests81、问题：Thenotionofrhythmcomesfromtheunstressedsyllables.WordandsentencestresscombinetocreatetherhythmofanEnglishutterance.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】2、问题：Justasinmusic,spokenEnglishmovesinregular,rhythmicbeatsfromstresstostress–irrespectiveofhowmanyunstressedsyllablesfallinbetween.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】3、问题：Arhythmgroupcontainsmorethanonestressedsyllable,togetherwithunstressedsyllablesclusteringaboutitornone.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】4、问题：Anyunstressedsyllablesthatmaycomebeforethefirstrhythmgroupdonotbelongtoanystress-group.Theyarethestrongbeatandarereadasquicklyaspossible.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】5、问题：ChineselearnersofEnglisharelikelytoassignequalweighttoeachsyllable,regardlessofwhetherthesyllableisstressedorunstressed.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】6、问题：Theepenthesis(orinsertion)ofglides[j,w]occursbecausetheyaretheleastmarkedepentheticconsonantsinhiatusposition.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】7、问题：Anon-rhoticspeakerwillpronouncewordslikefaras/fɑ?r/,whereasarhoticspeakerdoesnotpronounce[r]atallunlessfollowedbyavowel.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】8、问题：Forrhoticspeakers[r]ispronouncedjustbecausefarhasan[r]init,butfornon-rhoticspeakers[r]appearsinfarawaybecausethefirstwordendswithavowelandthesecondwordbeginswithavowel,namely,the[r]linksthetwowordstogether.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】9、问题：Vowelswhichtrigger[r]-insertionnevertrigger[j]-insertionor[w]-insertion.Eachglidehasitsowndomain,althoughthedomainsexemptshortstressedvowels/e,?,?,?,?/,whichneveroccurword-finallyinEnglish.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】10、问题：Generallyspeaking,theassimilationinvolvesbothvowelsandconsonants,particularlyacrosswordboundaries,butwithinwordstoo.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】Achievementtests91、问题：Englishintonationhasthreesystemicfeatures:tonality,tonicityandtone.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】2、问题：Apublicspeakertendstopauselessfrequentlytomaketheirmessageclearerormoreemphatic.Bycontrast,ifthespeakeriscommunicatingurgency,hemaycontainmorebreaks.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】3、问题：Nomatterinspontaneousconversationorinmaterialreadaloud,thespeakermustpauseataproperplacewhereitmakessensebecausetheintonationphraseboundarymayacttodifferentiatebetweentwopossiblemeanings.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】4、问题：Thenucleus,alsoknownasnuclearsyllableortonicsyllable,thesyllablethatbearsthenucleartone(afall,rise,fall-riseorrise-fall).选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】5、问题：Accenthaspotentialityforstress.Itinvolveshowaprominenceissupposedtobemade,whilestressreferstowhyaprominenceisplacedinacertainpositionofanintonationphrase.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】6、问题：Pragmaticreasonsfordeaccentingthe‘lastcontentword’involveoldorrepeatedinformation,namely,wordsexpressknownorgiveninformation.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】7、问题：Somewordshavelittlemeaningoftheirown.Theirmeaningcanbeinferredfromcertaincontext.Suchwordsareusuallynotaccentedeventhoughtheyarethelastcontentwords.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】8、问题：Wheneverypartofanintonationphraseisbroughtintofocus,wehavenarrowfocus.Ifwefocusonlyononeparticularpart,wehavebroadfocus.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】9、问题：Afallmayindicatedefiniteness,arisemaysuggestsomeimplications,andafall-risemayimplyincompleteness.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】10、问题：Insentencenon-finalpositionthedifferenceintonemeaningbetweenlowrise,highrise,fall-riseormidleveltonevarietiesisnotgreat.Sometimesspeakersjustseemtoringthechangesbetweenthemtoavoidrepetition.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】Achievementtests101、问题：Iftherearesyllablefollowingthenucleus(i.e.thetail),therisingpitchmovementdoesnothappenwhollyonthenuclearsyllable,asinthecaseofafall.Rather,thesyllableorsyllablesofthetailwillcontinuetomoveupwardsfromthepitchofthenuclearsyllable.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】2、问题：Thepitchmovementforafall,eitherhighorlow,isallinonedirection,namelydownwards.Oftentherearesyllablesafterthenucleus,atail.Afterafallingnucleus,thetailisalwayshigh.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】3、问题：Inacomplexlowlevelhead,thereisnoupwardmovementinthehead.Theonsetandalltheremainingsyllablesoftheheadareutteredonalowpitch.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】4、问题：Asimpleheadisonethatcontainsonlyonestressedsyllable,whileacomplexheadscontainstwoormorestressedsyllables.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】5、问题：Theheaddoesnotnecessarilyconsistofacompleteword.Theyareusuallyspokenwithafairlylowlevelpitch.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】6、问题：Bydefinition,thepreheadcontainsnostressedsyllables,butoccasionally,preheadmayincludeasyllablethatislexicallystressedbutthatthespeakerchoosesnottostress.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】7、问题：Thepreheaddoesnotnecessarilyconsistofacompleteword.Theyareusuallyspokenwithafairlyhighlevelpitch.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】8、问题：Therelativeheightofthepitchrangewilldependonthefrequencyofvibrationofthevocalcords:thehigherthefrequencyofvibration,thelowerthepitch.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】9、问题：AlthougheveryIPcontainsanucleus,notallIPscontainaprehead,headoratail.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】10、问题：AcompleteIP,accordingtoJohnWells(2006),consistsoffourconstituentelements,namely,theprehead,thehead,thenucleusandthetail.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【正确】期末考试1、问题：Thesoftpalateisalsocalled__________.选项：A、uvulaB、epiglottisC、tracheaD、velum正确答案:【velum】2、问题：/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/areproducedwiththehelpof__________.选项：A、theupperteethandinnerlowerlipB、theupperandlowerlipC、thetonguetiponorclosetothealveolarridgeD、thetipofthetongueraisedclosetothehardpalate正确答案:【theupperandlowerlip】3、问题：Thestudyofspeechorgansisimportanttoknowthenatureof__________.选项：A、speechproductionB、speechcontestC、telegraphicspeechD、publicspeech正确答案:【speechproduction】4、问题：Thepositionalvariantsofthesamephonemeareknownas__________.选项：A、soundsB、vowelsC、consonantsD、allophones正确答案:【allophones】5、问题：UsingthediacriticsprovidedbytheIPA,_____________transcriptioncapturesasmanyaspectsofaspecificpronunciationaspossibleandmakesverysubtledistinctionsbetweensounds.选项：A、broadB、narrowC、phoneticD、conventional正确答案:【narrow】6、问题：Likealllanguagesintheworld,Englishphonemesarealsodividedintovowelsandconsonants.Thedistinctionbetweenthetwoliesintheobstructionof__________.选项：A、mouthB、airstreamC、noseD、vocalcords正确答案:【airstream】7、问题：The__________Pronunciation,orRPforshort,istheinstantlyrecognisableaccentoftendescribedas‘typicallyBritish’.ItisdefinedintheConciseOxfordEnglishDictionaryas“thestandardaccentofEnglishasspokeninthesouthofEngland”.选项：A、RenownedB、RespectedC、RespectableD、Received正确答案:【Received】8、问题：Thevowel__________canbedescribedaslow,front,andunrounded,butthefeature“unrounded”isusuallyomittedbecauseallfrontvowelsinEnglishareunrounded.选项：A、/?/B、/e/C、/i:/D、/?/正确答案:【/?/】9、问题：Syllabically,althoughadiphthongisacombinationoftwovowelsounds,andthetongueglidesintheproductionofit,itisperceivedasonephoneme,nottwo.Thus,diphthongsaretreatedashavingone__________only.选项：A、stressB、syllableC、vowelD、allophone正确答案:【syllable】10、问题：Thedurationofadiphthongissimilartothatofa__________vowel.选项：A、shortB、laxC、longD、high正确答案:【long】11、问题：Consonantsareformedbyinterrupting,narrowingordivertingtheairflowinavarietyofways.TherearethreewaysofclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsounds:__________ofarticulation,mannerofarticulationandvoicing.选项：A、placeB、obstructionC、aspirationD、vibration正确答案:【place】12、问题：WhenwediscusstheEnglishconsonant,webeginwithvoicingfirst,thentheplaceofarticulationandlastly,themannerofarticulation.Thesound__________,forinstance,issaidbrieflyasvoicelesspalate-alveolaraffricate.选项：A、/?/B、/?/C、/?/D、/?/正确答案:【/?/】13、问题：__________releasereferstotheairusedtoproducethestopisreleasedthroughthenoseratherthanthemouth,namely,thevelumisloweredbeforethestopclosureisremovedandtheairpressurewillbereleasedthroughthenoseinsteadofthemouth.选项：A、LateralB、InaudibleC、IncompleteD、Nasal正确答案:【Nasal】14、问题：Fricativesoundscanbemaintainedaslongasthereisairinthelungs;forthisreasontheyareknownas__________.选项：A、obstruentsB、continuantsC、sibilantsD、sonorant正确答案:【continuants】15、问题：RPhastwoallophonicvariantsof/r/.Oneisretroflex[r],andtheotheristaporflap[?].Inthepronunciationofretroflex[r],thetonguecurlsbackwardandretroflexesatthe__________.选项：A、frontB、centralC、tipD、root正确答案:【tip】16、问题：Theminimumunitofspeechisasyllable.Syllableshaveaminimumofone(asinthewordair/e?/),andamaximumof__________structuralparts(asinthewordtext/tekst/).选项：A、twoB、threeC、fourD、five正确答案:【three】17、问题：__________consonantsareconsonantswhichformthenucleusofasyllablethatdoesnotcontainavowel.选项：A、NasalB、LateralC、ApproximantD、Syllabic正确答案:【Syllabic】18、问题：TheVandCVsyllablesarereferredtoasa/an__________syllablebecausetheyendwithavowel.选项：A、closedB、combinationC、openD、r-syllable正确答案:【open】19、问题：With__________clustersofthreeconsonants,thefirstsoundisalways/s/,thesecondsoundisavoicelessplosive/p,t,k/,andthethirdsoundisoneofthefourapproximants/l,r,w,j/.选项：A、codaB、nucleusC、onsetD、rhyme正确答案:【onset】20、问题：Therearecaseswhereaconsonantoraclustercouldbeeitherthecodatothefirstsyllableofaword,ortheonsettothesecond,wecansaythatitfulfilsbothfunctions,forinstance,the/b/inrabbit,the/st/inposting,the/n/and/m/incinema.Thisisknownas___________.选项：A、syllabicityB、bi-syllabicityC、syllabificationD、ambisyllabicity正确答案:【ambisyllabicity】21、问题：Intheproductionofaconsonantsound,theairstreamfromthelungsmeetsnoobstructionofanykindinthethroat,thenose,orthemouth,whileinthepronunciationofavowel,theairstreamfromthelungsisobstructedinonewayoranother.选项：A、正确B、错误正确答案:【错误】22、问题：DanielJonesworkedoutasetofCardinalVowe