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专题04阅读理解之说明文

(2023•江苏无锡•江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校校考--模)

ELECTRICSCOOTER

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BackinBrisbane,Australia,fortheChristmasbreak,Ifoundmyselfinapublictransportdeadzone.Bikeless,

7kilometersfromwhereIwasmeetingfriendsandunwillingtogetataxi,Idecidedtoborrowanelectricscooter.

Thetriptookfarlongerthanitwouldhavebybike,mainlybecauseofamajorspillhalfwaythere.Arock,hitat

speed,isaterriblething:weekslater,Istillhadtheredkneesofaprimaryschooler.

IntheUK,theyarelegal(合法的)onlyonprivateland,buttheDepartmentforTransportisdiscussinghow

tocontrolthemonpublicroadsandpathways,withthepossibilityforlegalizationlaterthisyear.Othercitiesthat

havee-scooterrentalprogramshavehadproblemsintheearlyperiod.InParis,MayorAnneHidalgodescribedthe

situationlastyearasmessy.Shehasannouncedthatthecityisreducingitsnumberofe-scootersto15,000and

planstocreatelawsforbiddingthemfrompavements(人行道).Francehasputintoforcelawslimitinge-scooter

speedsto25kilometresperhour.

Similartodockless(无桩的)hirebicycles,e-scootersareparkedonpavementsandpeopleleavethemup

treesorthrowthemintorivers.Wildtreatmentshortenstheirlifetime,whichisbadforbothprofitability(盈利)

andtheenvironment.Analysissuggeststhattheaveragee-scooter'slifetimeisjustthreemonths.

Ithinke-scootersareanbasicpartoftheefforttomakecitytransportgreener.Theyareseenasakeytothe

“lastmiIe^^problem-apotentialwaytoreducetransportjambyrapidlygettingsomeonetotheirfinalgoal.Cars

cantakeup28timesthespaceofapersonridingabicycle.Asfarastheenvironmentaleffectgoes,recent

researchsuggeststhate-scootersarenotasgreenaswalkingorcycling,buttheyarestillbetterthancars.And

thoughtherearestillmanyreportsofseriousaccidents,scootingisaboutassafeascycling.StephenGosslingat

LundUniversityinSwedenhassuggestedwebuildcar-free“micromobility''streets,wherecyclists,pedestrians

(彳亍人)ande-scooterscouldsharetheroad.Hethinksthiswillreduceaccidentrisksandinvitemorevulnerable

(易受伤害的)trafficparticipants,suchaschildren,tobecomeactivetransportusers.Ifmoree-scootersmean

fewercarsonroads,animprovementinlocalairqualityisalsoalikelyresult.When20kilometersofroadsin

centralLondonclosedforWorldCar-FreeDaylastSeptember,theairqualitywasgreatlyimprovedaccordingto

thereport.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“amajorspill“inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Aseriousfall.B.Asuddenillness.C.Alegalreaction.D.Aterriblebreakdown.

2.Whatdoweknowaboute-scootersinParis?

A.Theyareillegalonpavements.B.Theyarealreadyoutoffashion.

C.Theyarefacingmorelimits.D.Theyaremorecommononprivateland.

3.Whatisthewriter'sopinionofe-scooters?

A.Theyarenotassafeascycling.B.Theyalwayscausethetrafficjams.

C.Theyareasgreenascyclingorwalking.D.Theyplayabigroleinthe“lastproblem,

4.WhatisStephenGossling'ssuggestion?

A.Tosetupmorecare-freedays.B.Toinvitemorecycliststousee-scooters.

C.Togetvulnerablepedestriansofftheroad.D.Toseparatecarsfrome-scootersontheroad.

(2023•江苏淮安•校考一模)Withtherapiddevelopmentofwirelesstechnologies,theFifthGeneration(5G)

mobilecommunicationsystemstartedtocome.Althoughthedevelopmentof5Gnetworktechnologyinthe

internationalcommunityisstillintheresearchstage,anumberofforeigncountriesandorganizationsareworking

onit.Chinastartedlateinnetworktechnologies.Inordertocatchwiththetimes,Chinaalsoneedstohaveitsown

placeinsuchacompetitiveenvironment.

TherearesomequickchangesinChina'stelecomspace.Withthe4Gnetworknowwidelyused,Chinais

nowpreparingtoenter5Gage.Chinahasstartedresearchanddevelopmentonthe5Gnetworkandplanstofinish

thenetworktestingbyaround2019.

Ifsexpectedthatjustonestandardwillbeusedglobally(全球的)withthe5Gtechnology“Underthe

identicalstandard,differentcompaniescanbeconnected,andformacompetitiveenvironment.Therefore,wecan

makesurethatcompaniescangainreasonableprofits(利润),andatthesametimeprovidefaster,better,more

convenientandcheaperservicestopeople/5WuKu,DirectorofDept,ofScience&Tech.,MIITsaid.

WuHequanfromChineseAcademyofEngineeringsaid,“5Gwillmakeitpossibletoconnectonemillion

devicestotheso-calledInternetofThingswithinonesquaremeter.Inthefuture,itwillalsobeusedon

high-speedtrainsmovingasfastas500kilometersperhour.IntheareaoftheInternetofVehicles(汽车),itcan

beusedinunmannedvehicles,assisteddrivingandthemanagementofsmartcities.^^WuHequanbelievesChina's

futureInternetwillbefaster,moreintelligentandsafer.

Chinesegovernmentpaysmoreattentiontothedevelopmentof5Gandinmoreopentoit.Withtheshared

effortoftheindustry,Chinawillplayanincreasingimportantroleintheglobal5Gdevelopment.

5.Thefirstparagraphmainlywantstotellus.

A.what5Gnetworktechnologymeans

B.thereasonwhyweneed5Gnetworktechnology

C.thefactthatChinastartedlatein5Gnetworktechnology

D.thefactthat5Gnetworktechnologyisgood

6.Theunderlinedworld“identical“inParagraph3means.

A.sameB.fastC.practicalD.modem

7.InWuKu'sopinion,shouldbeusedgloballywiththe5Gtechnology.

A.thenetworktestingB.cheaperservices

C.justonestandardD.unmannedvehicles

8.WuHequanthinks5Gnetworktechnologyisfullof.

A.competitionsB.possibilitiesC.profitsD.difficulties

9.Afterreadingthepassage,wecaninferthat.

A.Chinawilluse5Gnetworktechnologyintransport

B.Chinahasalreadyenteredthe5Gagecompletely

C.Chinesegovernmentdidn'tpayattentiontothedevelopmentof5Gbefore

D.ChinaisNo.1in5Gnetworktechnology

(2023・江苏无锡•江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校校考一模)Aspeopleallovertheworldstruggledwith

higherlevelsofstress,depressionandanxietythispastyear,manyturnedtotheirfavoritecomfortfoods:ice

cream,pizza,hamburgers.Butstudiesinrecentyearssuggestthatthehigh-sugarandhigh-fatfoodswhenweare

stressedordepressed,ascomfortingastheymayseem,aretheleastlikelytobegoodforourmental(精神上的)

health.Instead,wholefoodssuchasvegetables,fruit,fish,eggs,nutsmaybeabetterbet.

Historically,nutritionresearchhaspaidmuchattentiontohowthefoodsweeatinfluenceourphysical(身体

上的)health,ratherthanourmentalhealth,though.Overtheyears,largepopulationstudieshavefoundthat

peoplewhoareaskedtofollowaMediterraneandietforthreemonthshadgreaterreductionsinsymptomsof

depressionafterthreemonthscomparedtoacontrolgroup.Publichealthprofessorsaroundtheworldhavestarted

encouragingpeopletotakeanduselifestylebehaviorslikeexercise,soundsleep,aheart-healthydietandavoiding

smokingthatmayreduceinflammation(发炎)andhaveadvantagesforthebrain.Individualclinicians(临床医师)

arealreadyincludingnutritionintotheirworkwithpatients.Dr.DrewRamsey,aclinicalprofessoratthe

ColumbiaUniversity,beginshismeetingswithnewpatientsbyexploringtheirdiet.Heaskswhattheyeat,learns

theirfavoritefoods,andfindsoutiffoodsthatheconsidersimportantfortheconnectionaremissingfromtheir

diets,suchasplants,seafood.

Dr.Ramseysaidhedidn'twantpeopletothinkthattheonlyfactorinvolvedinbrainhealthisfood."Lotsof

peoplegettheirfoodexactlyright,liveveryactivelives,andstillhavemanytroubleswiththeirmentalhealth,he

said.Buthealsoteachespeoplethatfoodcanbeempowering.t4Wecan'tcontrolourgenes,"hesaid."Butwecan

controlhowweeat,andthatgivespeopleactionablethingsthattheycandototakecareoftheirbrainhealthona

dailybasis.”

10.Whatdoprevious(以前的)nutritionstudiesmainlypayattentionto?

A.Howourdietsinfluenceourmentalhealth.B.Howourdietsinfluenceourphysicalhealth.

C.Howourmentalhealthinfluencesourdiets.D.Howourphysicalhealthinfluencesourdiets.

11.Whyareindividualcliniciansincludingnutritionintotheirworkwithpatients?

A.Theytrytosatisfytheirpatients'needs.

B,Theyarequestioningpublichealthprofessors.

C.Theywanttoprovethevalueofhealthydiets.

D.Theyhaveacceptedthefindingsoflargepopulationstudies.

12.WhichofthefollowingmightDr.Ramseyagreewith?

A.Someconnectionlivesbetweenourdietsandmentalhealth.

B.Peoplecancontroltheirgenesaswellashowtheyeat.

C.Peoplelivingactiveliveswillnothavementalproblems.

D.Eatingahealthydietisgoingtocuredepression.

(2023•江苏无锡・无锡市天一实验学校校考一模)Schoolchildrenspendmostoftheirtimesurroundedby

theirpeers(同龄人).Theyspendalotmoretimewithclassmates,teammatesandfellowclubmembersthanwith

adultsintheirlives.Peerpressurecanhaveahugeinfluenceonthelivesofchildreningradestwothroughtwelve.

Frombirththroughagesix,thefamilyshapesachild'ssenseofidentity(个性).Parentsandbrothersand

sistersaffectachild'slikes,dislikes,tastesinclothing,foodandmusicand,perhapsmostimportantly,values.

Oncechildrenenterschool,theyformconnectionstothelargergroupoftheirpeers.Thisgroupbringsnewideas

andexperiences.Peerpressurehappenswhenastudent'sactionsareinfluencedbythisgroup.The“pressure”

happenswhenpeerssuggestordemandactionsdifferentfromthechild'snormalbehaviorandvalues.

Peerpressureleadstosomedisturbingnegativebehaviorinschoolchildren.IntheUSA,about75%ofhigh

schoolstudentshavetriedalcohol(酒)offeredbytheirfriendsinmiddleorhighschool.Accordingtoasurvey,

studentsfeltpressuredbytheirpeersbetween35and49%ofthetime.Thepowerofpeerpressurecanresultfrom

aschoolchild'sgrowingdesire(渴望)tofitintoagroup.

Thankfully,peerpressurecanalsobepositive.Forexample,wantingtojoinanathleticgroupoffriendsmay

forceastudentwhohasbeensittingforalongtimetotryoutforthesoccerteam.Inasurveyonpeerpressure,51%

ofteenagersfeltthatpeerpressurewassometimespositive.Oneteenagerresponded,^Sometimesitcanhelpyou

gainconfidence.^^Otherexamplesofpositivepeerpressureincludestudentsencouragingaclassmatetorunfor

schoolpresident,orfriendssuggestingthatatalentedpeertryoutforatalentshow.

13.Whatleadstoschoolchildren'speerpressure?

A.Theidentityshapedbytheirfamily.B.Theconnectionswiththeirclassmates.

C.Thechildhoodexperienceswiththeirfriends.D.Thedifferencesintheirbehaviorandvalues.

14.Whydosomeschoolchildrenbehavenegativelyunderpeerpressure?

A.Tokilltheirboringtime.B.Tofitintoapeergroup.

C.lbhelpgainconfidence.D.Toimprovesocialskills.

15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofpeerpressure?

A.Peerpressuredoesmoreharmthangood.

B.Peerpressureisverygoodfbrschoolchildren^growth.

C.Peerpressureisnotnecessarilybadforschoolchildren.

D.Peerpressureplaysanimportantroleinshapingachild'svalues.

(2023•江苏徐州•校考一模)

Chinesepaintingisoneoftheoldestartformsintheworld.Paintinginthetraditionalstyleisknowntodayin

ChineseasGuohua.

TraditionalChinesepaintingisdonewithabrushdipped(浸)inblackorcolouredink.Paperandsilkarealso

neededforpainting.Thefinishedworkcanbeputonscrolls(轴).TraditionalChinesepaintingincludeslandscape

(山水)painting,figures(人物),birdandflowers.LandscapepaintingisregardedasthehighestformofChinese

painting.

ChinesefolkmusicisanimportantpartofChineseculture.Ithasalonghistory.OneoftheConfucianistClassics

(儒家经典),ShiJing,containsmanyfolksongs.Theyaremuchlovedbypeopleuptonow.

TraditionalChinesemusicalinstrumentsaresymbolsofChineseculture,suchastheguqin,guzheng,pipa,erhu,

xiaoandchime(编钟).TheshengandsuonaarealsopopularinnorthernvillagesinChina.Xi'andrummusicis

largetraditionaldrummusic.ItisavaluablepartofChineseancientmusic,andisregardedasthe“livingfossil

(化石)ofChineseancientmusic“intheworld.

16.PeopleusuallyusefbrdoingtraditionalChinesepainting,

©brushes②ink©colourpencils©paper⑤silk

A.①②③④B.②③④⑤C.①②③⑤D.①©④⑤

17.Theunderlinedword“contains“means44

A.likesB.controlsC.preventsD.includes

18.Thepassageisabout.

A.ChinesemusicB.ChinesepaintingC.ChinesecultureD.Chinesehistory

(2023•江苏徐州•校考一模)ThereisaChinesesayingwhichmeanssomethinglikethis:Yourmother

alwaysasksyoutowearwarmclothesevenwhenit'snotcold.Thisjokinglyreflectstheover-concernofyour

mother.Anyhow,Mother'sDayisaroundthecomer.TodayI'dliketosharetheoriginofthisfestivalwithyouon

myblog.

Everycountryhasaholidaytohonormothers,motherhood,andtheirinfluenceonsociety.Themostcommon

dayfbrthiscelebrationisthesecondSundayinMay.Theideatohaveaholidayjustforcelebratingmothers

comesfrommanysources.Longago,therewereancienteventsthatincludedhonoringwomenandmothers.

However,itwastheinfluenceofwomenintheUSthatreallysetthestageforthisholiday.ThemodemAmerican

holidayofMother'sDaywasfirstcelebratedin1908fbrhermotherinGrafton,WestVirginia.Hercampaignto

make“Mother'sDay"arecognizedholidayintheUnitedStatesbeganin1905,AnnReevesJarvis,died.Anna's

motherwasapeaceactivistwhohadcaredforwoundedsoldiersonbothsidesoftheCivilWarandcreated

Mother'sDayWorkClubstoaddresspublichealthissues.AnnawasthefirsttofightfbrMother'sDaybecoming

anofficialholiday.Shefinallysucceededin1914.

CelebratingMother'sDayisjustasvariedasthedatewhenitisheld.InChina,itisjuststartingtobecome

moreandmorepopular.Carnations(康乃馨)areaverypopularMother'sDaygiftandthemostsoldflowers.

Mother'sDayinCanadatypicallyinvolvessmallcelebrationsandgift-givingtoone'smother,orotherimportant

femalefiguresinone'sfamily.InBangladesh,thewholecountrycentersaroundmothers.SpeciallythemedTV

shows,andgatheringsareorganized.IntheolddaysinFrance,mothersoflargefamiliesweregivenmedals.

Nowadays,flowerarrangements,andhandmadegiftsarepopularchoices.Soisgivingmothersadayofftogotoa

spaorsalon.

Don'tforgettoexpressyourthankstoyourmomonthisMother'sDay!

19.WhenwasMother'sdayfirstcelebratedinmodemAmerica?

A.In1914.B.In1905.C.In1908.D.In1909.

20.WhatwasAnnaReevesJarvislike?

A.generousandsuccessful.B.seriousandpatient.

C.cleverandcaring.D.peace-lovingandwarm-hearted.

21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“varied“meaninthethirdparagraph?

A.sameB.differentC.popularD.important

22.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?

A.Peopledidn'tholdeventstohonormothersinthepast.

B.SomemotherswerepresentedmedalsintheoldFrance.

C.AnnacelebratedthefirstMother'sDaywithhermom.

D.ThewholecountrycelebratesMother'sDayinChina.

23.Wherecanthispassagebetakenfrom?

A.Atextbook.B.Amagazine.C.Awebsite.D.Aletter

(2023•江苏无锡•统考一模)Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhensto

lookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople's

well-being.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincare

homeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid,“IusedtokeephenswhenIwas

youngerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.”

“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthere

againatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.,,

“It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidents

comeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomething

useful.^^

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhas

beengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarknntheproject,said,

"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefits

andfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said,<4Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwill

reallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”

24.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D.Togivetheelderlyasenseofsuccess.

25.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"embarkon^^meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Review.

26.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

(2023•江苏无锡•统考一模)Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝

麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Then

friendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.

Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,"foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,“as

ElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.It'sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrown

away—from"ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrown

intorestaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfood

wasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargest

producerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.^^

Ifthafshardtounderstand,let'skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtin

seesmyarugulastoryallthetime——butforhim,it'smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlast

days.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthy

meals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有

瑕疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,and

freezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,

whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonot

includethesidedishyouwon'teat,“Curtinsays.

27.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?

A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefoodcarelesslyattimes.

C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.

28.Whatisaresultoffoodwasteaccordingtothetext?

A.Moraldecline.B.EnvironmentalhaiTn.C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidehunger.

29.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?

A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodproduct.

C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.

(2023•江苏徐州•统考一模)Doyouknowhowtogetonwellwithpeople?Doyoueverfeelshy?What

situationmakesyoufeelshy?Doyousometimesfeelthatyoudon'tknowhowtointerestpeopleandhave

conversationswiththem?Dopeoplefindanexcusetoleaveyouassoonastheycan?

Trylistening!Hereisanexampleofmine.

Oneeveninglastweek,IwassittingwithHannah,andshesaidtome,"YouareagreatAndIsaid,

“Whydoyousaythatsuddenly?^^Shesaid,“Well,althoughyouarealwaysbusy,youalwaysstoptolistentome.”

Hereissomeadviceaboutlistening:

Showtheotherpersonthatyouarelistening.

XLookatthem.

Smileandnodquiteoften.

Shakeyourheadorraiseyoureyebrowsifyoudon'tfollowwhattheyaresaying.

Don'ttapyourfootbecausethiswillshowimpatience.

XDon'tlookatyourwatchunlessyoureallyhavetoknowthetime.Ifyoushowtheimpatience,thenthe

otherpersonwon'tmakefriendswithyouanymore.

Agoodlistenerhasmagic!Agoodlistenercanmakepeoplefeelgood,andisasimportantasagoodtalkerat

aparty.Butjustlisteningisnotenough.Oneshouldlistensmartlybytryingtofindoutwhattheotherperson

wouldreallyliketocommunicate.

30.Hannahthoughthermotherwasgreatbecause.

A.hermotheralwayslistenedtoherB.hermotherwasbusy

C.hermothergotonwellwithothersD.hermotherwassittingwithher

31.Whenyouarelisteningtoothers,youshouldn't.

A.lookatyourwatchallthetimeB.lookattheireyes

C.smileandnodD.showyourattitude

32.Ifyoutapyourfootwhenlisteningtoothers,maybeyou'll.

A.beagoodlistenerB.losetheirfriendship

C.agreewiththemD.beagoodfriend

33.Whatshouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Howtomakefriends.B.Howtotalktopeople.

C.Howtobeagoodlistener.D.Howtoknowaperson.

(2023•江苏徐州・统考一模)

Globalizationmeansthatpeople,ideas,technology,money,servicesandmanyotherthingsaremoving

betweencountriesandchangingthewaypeoplethinkandact.

Noteveryonethinksthesamewayaboutglobalization.Somepeoplethinkitisbad,andsomepeoplethinkit

isgood.Somebelievethatglobalizationhelpsrichpeoplegetricherandmakespoorpeoplepoorer.Thesepeople

saythatglobalizationhelpsbigcompanieslikeCoca-ColaandMcDonald'sdestroy(破坏)localbusinesses.

However,thepeoplewhothinkglobalizationisagoodthingarguethatglobalizationhelpspoorerpeopleto

becomericher.Theyalsothinkthatitdoesn'tdestroylocalcultures.Thesepeoplealsobelieveglobaliz

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