安徽省A10联盟2023-2024学年高二上学期期中英语试题

A10联盟2022级高二上学期11月期中考英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A．Gotothelibrarytogether.B．Takeanexamseparately.C．Buybookstogether.2．Whichisthemostexpensive?A．Thebed.B．Thefridge.C．Thewashingmachine.3．Whatdoesthewomanmean?A．Shedoesn’treallywanttodance.B．Sherefusedtheman’sinvitation.C．Themanisnotskilledatdancing.4．Whywasthemanlate?A．Hiscarbrokedown.B．Therewasasuddenstorm.C．Hewascaughtinthetrafficjam.5．Whatdoesthewomanlookforwardto?A．Meetingheraunt.B．Finishingherwork.C．Travelingwiththeman.第二节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatdoesthemanplain?A．Hisbagistooheavy.B．Hishomeistoofaraway.C．Thethingsaretooexpensive.7．Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A．Shedoesn’tliketotravel.B．ShehasbeentoHongKongbeforeC．Sheboughtmanypresentsforherkids.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Wheredoesthewomanwork?A．Inaradiostation.B．Inahotel.C．Inabuildingpany.9．WhyisthewomanlookingforMr.Nash?A．Tobookahotel.B．Totalkabouthisconcern.C．Toinvitehimforaninterview.10．HowwillthewomangetintouchwithMr.Nash?A．Bywritinganemail.B．Bysendingatextmessage.C．Bymakingaphonecall.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whatarethespeakers?A．Collegestudents.B．Schoolteachers.C．Schoollibrarians.12．Whatisitinthemiddleofthemap?A．Therestaurant.B．TheStudentUnion.C．TheMediaCenter.13．Whatcanstudentsborrowfromtheoldlibrary?A．Sportsmagazines.B．Entertainmentmagazines.C．Financialbooks.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14．Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A．Habits.B．Advice.C．Hobbies.15．WhatisAgathaChristieprobably?A．Afamouswriter.B．Amoviestar.C．Abookseller.16．WhatdoesBobsuggestdoing?A．Watchingmovies.B．Buyingsomebooks.C．Waitingattheoffice.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．Whatisthespeakerdoing?A．Reportingastudy.B．Attendingameeting.C．Teachingaclass.18．Whatshouldyoupaymostattentiontowhentakingnotes?A．Listening.B．Reading.C．Writing.19．Whatisanadvantageofusingsymbolsinnotetaking?A．Itkeepsinformationsecret.B．Itleavesspaceforfutureuse.C．Itmakeskeywordsnoticeable.20．Whatwillthespeakerdonext?A．Askafewquestions.B．Showsomeexamples.C．Makeasummary.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWhetheryoulikehistoryorsimplylearningsomethingnew,thesefourmuseumsareworthpayingavisitto.TenementMuseumLocatedinNewYork,theTenementMuseumshowcasesthestoriesoftheimmigrantsandmigrants(移民)whocametoAmericabetweenthe1860sandthe1980s.Seehowtheypursuedthe“Americandream.”Theirdeterminationandendlessdesiretocarveoutabetterlifenotonlyreflectsthedepthsofthehumanspirit,butalsohowAmericacametobethecountryitistoday.NationalMuseumoftheAmericanIndianLocatedinWashington,D.C.,theNationalMuseumoftheAmericanIndiancontainsoneoftheworld’slargestcollectionsofnativeartifacts(手工艺品),photographsanddocuments.Featuringbothongoingandtemporaryexhibits,themuseumdocumentsmanywaysAmericanIndiansintegratedintoAmericanhistoryandculture.MississippiCivilRightsMuseumTheMississippiCivilRightsMuseuminJacksonfeatureseightgalleriesfilledwithinteractiveexhibitsthattellthestoriesofblackMississippiansandtheirfightforequalityfrom1945to1976.You’llhearthestoriesofMedgarEvers,FannieLouHamer,andVernonDahmer,andyou’llalsohearaboutmanymen,womenandchildrenwhofoughttoberecognizedasequals.Artifactsincludea“colored”entrancesign,thegunusedtoshootEvers,aburnedcross,andabuttonfromthe1966MarchAgainstFear.TheNationalWWIIMuseumInNewOrleans’No.1attraction,theNationalWWIIMuseum,visitorscanseewhyWorldWarIIwasfought,explorekeymomentssuchasDDayandthebombingofPearlHarbor,andputthemselvesintheshoesofthosewhohadtomakedifficultdecisionsduringthewar.Youevencantakea4Djourneythroughthewarin“BeyondAllBoundaries.”1.Whichmuseumbestsuitsvisitorsinterestedinongoingandtemporaryexhibits?A.TenementMuseum. B.NationalMuseumoftheAmericanIndian.C.MississippiCivilRightsMuseum. D.TheNationalWWIIMuseum.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutMedgarEversfromthetext?A.Heorganizedthe1966MarchAgainstFear.B.HejoinedthearmyandfoughtinWorldWarII.C.Helaiddownhisownlifeinthefightforequality.D.HeimmigratedtotheUStopursuehisAmericandream.3.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthistext?A.Toremendpeopletovisitthemuseums.B.Tomakeaparisonofthefourmuseums.C.Toremindreadersnevertoforgetourpasthistory.D.Tosharehisownexperiencesinvisitingthemuseums.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章向读者推荐了美国四家博物馆。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据NationalMuseumoftheAmericanIndian部分中“Featuringbothongoingandtemporaryexhibits,themuseumdocumentsmanywaysAmericanIndiansintegratedintoAmericanhistoryandculture.(这个博物馆展示的永久和临时展览，记录了美洲印第安人融入美国历史和文化的多种方式)”可知，美国印第安人国家博物馆展示的永久和临时展览，记录了美洲印第安人融入美国历史和文化的多种方式。由此可知，该博物馆最适合对永久和临时展览感兴趣的游客。故选B。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据MississippiCivilRightsMuseum部分中“You’llhearthestoriesofMedgarEvers,FannieLouHamer,andVernonDahmer,andyou’llalsohearaboutmanymen,womenandchildrenwhofoughttoberecognizedasequals.

Artifactsincludea“colored”entrancesign,thegunusedtoshootEvers,aburnedcross,andabuttonfromthe1966MarchAgainstFear.(你们会听到Evers、

FannieLouHamer和

VernonDahmer的故事，你们还会听到许多男人、女人和孩子为获得平等地位而斗争的故事。展品包括一个“有色人种入口”的标志，用于射击Evers的枪支，一面被烧毁的十字架，以及1966年反对恐惧游行的一个钮扣)”可推知，Evers在争取平等的斗争中献出了自己的生命。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Whetheryoulikehistoryorsimplylearningsomethingnew,thesefourmuseumsareworthpayingavisitto.(无论你是喜欢历史还是只是想学习新的东西，这四个博物馆都值得一游)”可推知，作者主要的写作目的是向读者推荐美国四家博物馆，希望大家前去参观。故选A。BElmProfessionalServicesownerMiaVanTubberghhadplentyofbusinesssmarts—butnosocialmediaknowhow.Sosheturnedtotheyoungergenerationandtookonthetwohighschoolstudentswhoknewtheirstuff.“Socialmediaisforeigntomanyolderprofessionals—butveryimportantforconnectingwithtoday’scustomers,”MsVanTubberghsaid.“Wehavethisworkforcesittinginschoolsdoingthisalreadybutthey’redoingitforfun.”MsVanTubbergh’spany,whichhelpslaunchproductstomarket,tookthenYear10studentsBraithMansfieldandTahmanaRudolphonfortwoweeks’workexperience.MsVanTubberghsaidwithabitofguidanceandhelpwithspellingandpresentinginaprofessionalenvironment,theboysnowdoabout80%ofElm’ssocialmediamarketingworkforonlinecustomers.ThepairworkonedayaweekwithElmatGosfordandtherestatKariongHighSchool.Theirdutiesincludestandalonepostsonsocialmediaplatforms,videos,storiesandwebsiteheaders.Theyrecentlyfinishedahardcopyflyer（传单）foramajorretailerthatwillbeseenbyeveryconsumerwhovisitsthewebsite.“Iamsoimpressedbytheperformanceofthetwoteenagers,whohavehelpedgrowthepany’ssocialmediafollowingby600%,”saidMsVanTubbergh.“Braith,17,andTahmana,16—nowinYear11—cameintothebusinesswithalotofunexploredsocialmediaexperience.WorkingatElmhasprovidedthemwitha‘digitalplatformofworkthatisworthitsweightingold’—avaluableresourcetheycanshowotheremployerswhenstartingafulltimecareer.”BraithandRudolphareamong42NSWCentralCoaststudentsdoingYear11and12aspartofaSchoolBasedApprenticeshipandTraining（SBAT）program.NSWEducationSBATstrategicofficerCecileOakessaidtheyneededmorepanieslikeElmtotakeonstudentsandgivethemthebenefitofrealworldexperience.4.WhydidElmProfessionalServiceshireBraithandRudolph?A.Theyhaveplentyofbusinesssmarts.B.Theyhopetogainvaluableworkexperience.C.Theyhopetogetpaidandbeefinanciallyindependent.D.Theycanhelptogrowthepany’ssocialmediafollowing.5.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thetwoteenagers’roleinElm.B.Elm’ssocialmediamarketingwork.C.Thetwoteenagers’unexpectedgainsinElm.D.Elm’sguidanceandhelptothetwoteenagers.6.WhatdoMsVanTubbergh’swordsinthefourthparagraphsuggest?A.Shewillremendthetwoteenagerstootheremployers.B.Thetwoteenagersshouldstartafulltimecareerupongraduation.C.Startingacareerinsocialmediaisawinwinforthetwoteenagersandthepany.D.Thetwostudentshavenotyetexploredtheirsocialmediaexperience.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.NSWEducationSBATprogramhasbeenagreatsuccess.B.MoreNSWCentralCoaststudentsarelikelytobetakenon.C.NSWCentralCoaststudentshaverichrealworldexperience.D.BraithandRudolphwillcontinuetoworkforElmaftergraduation.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一家名为ElmProfessionalServices的公司聘请两名高中生帮助公司的社交媒体营销工作，并获得了良好的效果。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“ElmProfessionalServicesownerMiaVanTubberghhadplentyofbusinesssmarts—butnosocialmediaknowhow.Sosheturnedtotheyoungergenerationandtookonthetwohighschoolstudentswhoknewtheirstuff.(ElmProfessionalServices公司的老板MiaVanTubbergh拥有丰富的商业经验，但却不懂社交媒体。因此，她转向年轻一代，并雇用了两名懂社交媒体的高中生。)”以及第二段中“MsVanTubbergh’spany,whichhelpslaunchproductstomarket,tookthenYear10studentsBraithMansfieldandTahmanaRudolphonfortwoweeks’workexperience.(VanTubbergh女士的公司帮助将产品推向市场，让当时10年级的学生BraithMansfield和TahmanaRudolph参加了为期两周的工作体验。)”可知，MiaVanTubbergh拥有丰富的商业经验，但却不懂社交媒体。因此，她转向年轻一代，通过雇用两名懂社交媒体的高中生

Braith和Rudolph来帮助将产品推向市场即

Braith和Rudolph可以帮助公司在社交媒体上增加粉丝，推广产品。故选D。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Theirdutiesincludestandalonepostsonsocialmediaplatforms,videos,storiesandwebsiteheaders.Theyrecentlyfinishedahardcopyflyer（传单）foramajorretailerthatwillbeseenbyeveryconsumerwhovisitsthewebsite.(他们的职责包括在社交媒体平台上发布独立的帖子、视频、故事和网站标题。他们最近为一家大型零售商制作了一份纸质传单，每个访问该网站的消费者都能看到。)”可知，这一段重点讲述的是两位少年在这家名为ElmProfessionalServices公司的工作角色。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中““Iamsoimpressedbytheperformanceofthetwoteenagers,whohavehelpedgrowthepany’ssocialmediafollowingby600%,”saidMsVanTubbergh.(VanTubbergh女士说:“这两位青少年的表现给我留下了深刻的印象，他们帮助公司的社交媒体粉丝增长了600%。”)”以及“WorkingatElmhasprovidedthemwitha‘digitalplatformofworkthatisworthitsweightingold’—avaluableresourcetheycanshowotheremployerswhenstartingafulltimecareer.(在Elm工作为他们提供了一个“价值千金的工作数字平台”，这是他们在开始全职工作时可以向其他雇主展示的宝贵资源。)”可知，两位青少年帮助公司的社交媒体粉丝增长了选600%；同时公司也为他们提供了一个“价值千金的工作数字平台”，这是他们在开始全职工作时可以向其他雇主展示的宝贵资源，即开始在社交媒体上的职业生涯对这两个青少年和公司来说是双赢的。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“NSWEducationSBATstrategicofficerCecileOakessaidtheyneededmorepanieslikeElmtotakeonstudentsandgivethemthebenefitofrealworldexperience.(新南威尔士州教育局战略官员塞西尔·奥克斯表示，他们需要更多像Elm这样公司来招收学生，并为他们提供真实世界的经验。)”可知，更多像Elm这样的公司会招收学生，因此接下来会有更多的学生被企业聘用。故选B。CHaveyounoticedthatastimegoesonandtechnologyadvances,thingsseemtokeepgettingsmallerandsmaller?That’sespeciallytruewiththatmachinewecallthe“puter.”Whatexactlyisaputer?Webster’sCollegiateDictionarydefinesaputeras“ausuallyprogrammableelectronicdevicethatcanstore,retrieve(检索),andprocessdata.”Othersthinkaputerasanythingthattransformsinformationinameaningfulway.Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetriedtoimprovetheirlivesbyinventingmachinestomakecertaintaskseasier.Somepeoplebelieveasimplemechanicaldevicecalledan“abacus”wasoneoftheearliestformsofaputer.Ancientpeopleusedthedevicetoperformsimplecalculations(计算).Archaeologists(考古学家)havefoundevidencethattheancientGreeksusedtheabacusasearlyasthe5thcenturyB.C.Modernputersweredevelopedmuchmorerecently.Thefirstmodernelectronicputer—knownastheElectronicNumericalIntegratorandputerorENIAC—becameoperationalin1946.Weighingmorethan30tons,ENIACtookupasmuchspaceas1,800squarefeet.Sincethen,putershavebeemuchsmallerandmuchmorepowerful.WhileENIACcouldperform5,000additionproblemspersecond,manyoftoday’slaptopputersweighjustafewpoundsandcanperformseveralbillionoperationspersecond.Today’sputerskeepgettingsmallerandsmaller.Largedesktopputersgavewaytolaptops.Laptopshavedevelopedintoawidevarietyofevensmallerputingdevices,suchasnetbooksandtabletputers.Manypeopleevencarryputerswiththemeverywheretheygo.Smartphones,orcellphones,fiteasilyintoapocketandallowtheiruserstomaketelephonecalls,surftheInternetandconductbusiness.Sowhat’sthesmallestputeravailabletoday?Asof2015,thesmallestputerisjustonecubicmillimeter.However,today’sputermanufacturersareconstantlyproducingnewerandsmallermodelsataratetoofasttokeepupwith.Whateveristhesmallesttodaywillprobablybereplacedwithsomethingevensmallertomorrow!8.Howdoestheauthororganizethetext?A.Intheorderoftime.B.Intheorderofspace.C.Byraisingquestionsandansweringthem.D.Byanalyzingreasonsandthendrawingaconclusion.9.Whatcanweknowabout“abacus”fromParagraph3?A.ItwasinventedbyAncientGreeks. B.ItwaswidelyusedinAncientGreece.C.Itcouldcarryoutvarioustoughtasks. D.Itwasamongtheearliestformsofputer.10.WhydoestheauthortakeENIACasanexample?A.Topareitwithancientputers.B.Totellreadershowlargeearlierputerswere.C.Toshowreadershowpowerfulthefirstputerwas.D.Toexplaintoreadershowmodernputersoperated.11.Whichmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whatexactlyisaputer? B.Whatisthesmallestputer?C.Whatwouldfutureputersbelike? D.Howdidtheputereintobeing?【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了计算机的发展历史和现代计算机的特点。从史前时期的算盘，到体积如1,800平方英尺的ENIAC，再到今天的便携式智能和一立方毫米的微型计算机，计算机越来越小，同时功能越来越强大。作者通过举例说明了计算机大小和性能的变化，并暗示未来计算机的发展趋势。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Somepeoplebelieveasimplemechanicaldevicecalledan“abacus”wasoneoftheearliestformsofaputer.Ancientpeopleusedthedevicetoperformsimplecalculations(计算).Archaeologists(考古学家)havefoundevidencethattheancientGreeksusedtheabacusasearlyasthe5thcenturyB.C.(有些人认为，一种叫做“算盘”的简单机械装置是计算机的最早形式之一。古人用算盘进行简单的计算。考古学家已经发现证据表明，古希腊人早在公元前5世纪就使用算盘了。)”以及第四段中“Modernputersweredevelopedmuchmorerecently.Thefirstmodernelectronicputer—knownastheElectronicNumericalIntegratorandputerorENIAC—becameoperationalin1946.Weighingmorethan30tons,ENIACtookupasmuchspaceas1,800squarefeet.

(现代计算机是最近才发展起来的。第一台现代电子计算机——电子数字积分器和计算机(简称eniac)——于1946年投入使用。ENIAC重达30多吨，占据了1800平方英尺的空间。)”以及第五段中“Today’sputerskeepgettingsmallerandsmaller.Largedesktopputersgavewaytolaptops.

(今天的电脑变得越来越小。大型台式电脑让位于笔记本电脑。)”以及最后一段中“Sowhat’sthesmallestputeravailabletoday?Asof2015,thesmallestputerisjustonecubicmillimeter.(那么现在市面上最小的电脑是什么?截至2015年，最小的电脑只有1立方毫米。)”可知，本文从古代的计算机abacus讲到了第一部现代计算机ENIAC，接下来讲到了今天的计算机，结尾还提到未来计算机会变得更小、更强大。由此推断，本文作者是按照时间顺序行文的。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Somepeoplebelieveasimplemechanicaldevicecalledan‘abacus’wasoneoftheearliestformsofaputer.(有些人认为，一种叫做“算盘”的简单机械装置是计算机的最早形式之一。)”可知，abacus是计算机的最早形式之一。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weighingmorethan30tons,ENIACtookupasmuchspaceas1,800squarefeet.Sincethen,putershavebeemuchsmallerandmuchmorepowerful.

(ENIAC重达30多吨，占据了1800平方英尺的空间。从那时起，计算机变得越来越小，越来越强大。)”以及第五段中“Today’sputerskeepgettingsmallerandsmaller.

(今天的电脑变得越来越小。)”可知，随着时间的推移和技术的进步，计算机变得越来越小。而作者以ENIAC为例，目的是要告诉读者，早期的计算机有多么庞大，从而进一步点明“计算机越来越小”这一主题。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Haveyounoticedthatastimegoesonandtechnologyadvances,thingsseemtokeepgettingsmallerandsmaller?That’sespeciallytruewiththatmachinewecallthe“puter.”(你有没有注意到，随着时间的推移和技术的进步，东西似乎变得越来越小?对于我们称之为“计算机”的机器来说尤其如此。)”以及通读全文可知，本文介绍了计算机的发展历史和现代计算机的特点。从史前时期的算盘，到体积如1,800平方英尺的ENIAC，再到今天的便携式智能和一立方毫米的微型计算机，计算机越来越小，同时功能越来越强大。作者通过举例说明了计算机大小和性能的变化，并暗示未来计算机的发展趋势。最终表明无论计算机变得多么小，它的作用将一如既往地发挥，故文章的主旨是计算机变得越来越小。B选项“Whatisthesmallestputer?(最小的电脑是什么?)”概括文章主旨大意，符合标题。故选B。DAlmostaquarteroftheUK’sseaswimmersmaynotswimintheoceanthisyearbecauseofsewage(污水)dumpingbywaterpanies,accordingtoapoll(民意调查).SewagewasdumpedintowatersnearEngland’smostcelebratedbeachesfornearly8,500hourslastyear.Andtherewere1,504discharges(排出)in2022onbeachessupposedtobefreefromsuchpollution.Thepollspoketo2,272UKadultsbetween21and23onJuly.Justover30%saidtheytypicallywentseaswimmingduringthesummer,andofthese23%saidtheywouldnotthisyearbecauseofsewagedumpingbywaterpanies.MorethantwoinfiveoftheregularbeachgoersalsosaidtheywerelesslikelytovisittheBritishseasidethissummerbecauseofsewagedischarges.TheDepartmentforEnvironmentsaysgovernmentshouldallowtheEnvironmentAgencytochargeunlimitedfinesonrulebreakingwaterpanies.Finesarecurrentlycapped(上限)at£250,000.TheDepartmentforEnvironmenthasbeencallingforasewagetaxonannualprofitsandabanonbonusesofwaterpanymanagers.“Coastalmunitiesareatthemercyofwaterpanieswhounapologeticallydischargerawsewageintopopularswimmingspots,”TimFarron,theDepartmentforEnvironment’sspokespersonsaid.“Thegovernmentneedstostoplettingwaterpaniesoffthehookandfinallybantheseterriblesewagedischargesanddefendourtourismsector.”AWaterUKspokespersonsaidstandardsatbeacheshadgreatlyimprovedsincethe1990sbutthattheindustryrecognizedithadbeenslowtodealwiththeharmtoourseascausedbysewageoverflows.“Overthenextsevenyears,waterandseweragepaniesplantospend£10bn—doublingcurrentlevelsofinvestment—onsewagetreatment,”theysaid.“Aspartofthis,bathingwaterswillbeamongthefirsttoreceivefunding.”12.Whatdoesthepollshow?A.Waterpaniesdumpedthemostsewageintowaterslastyear.B.ManyswimmersavoidthewateroverfearsofsewageonUKbeaches.C.WatersnearEngland’smostcelebratedbeachesarenotseriouslypolluted.D.OvertwofifthsoftheregularbeachgoersinUKarebetween21and23.13.WhatsuggestiondoestheDepartmentforEnvironmentmaketothegovernment?A.Reducingbonusesofwaterpanymanagers.B.Shuttingdownthoserulebreakingwaterpanies.C.Finingrulebreakingwaterpaniesatleast£250,000.D.Introducingasewagetaxonwaterpanies’yearlyprofits.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“offthehook”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Developslowly. B.Improvetoofast.C.Freeofresponsibility. D.Attractpublicattention.15.Inwhichsectionofthewebsitecanyouprobablyreadthetext?AEnvironment. B.Lifestyle. C.Fitness. D.Business.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是英国出现了污水危机，自来水公司向河流和海洋排放了太多的污水，为此，四分之一的游泳者可能不会在海里游泳。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据首段中的“AlmostaquarteroftheUK’sseaswimmersmaynotswimintheoceanthisyearbecauseofsewage(污水)dumpingbywaterpanies,accordingtoapoll(民意调查).(一项民意调查显示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，英国近四分之一的海泳者今年可能不会在海里游泳。)”以及第二段中的“Justover30%saidtheytypicallywentseaswimmingduringthesummer,andofthese23%saidtheywouldnotthisyearbecauseofsewagedumpingbywaterpanies.(超过30%的人表示，他们通常在夏天去海里游泳，其中23%的人表示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，他们今年不会去游泳。)”可知，民意调查显示，由于担心英国海滩上的未经处理的污水，许多游泳者不愿下水游泳，由此可知，许多游泳者因为担心英国海滩上的污水而避免下水。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“TheDepartmentforEnvironmenthasbeencallingforasewagetaxonannualprofitsandabanonbonusesofwaterpanymanagers.(英国环境部一直呼吁对年度利润征收污水税，并禁止水务公司经理的奖金。)”可知，环境部建议政府对水务公司的年度利润征收污水税。故选D项。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线短语前的““Coastalmunitiesareatthemercyofwaterpanieswhounapologeticallydischargerawsewageintopopularswimmingspots,”TimFarron,theDepartmentforEnvironment’sspokespersonsaid.(英国环境部发言人蒂姆·法伦说：“沿海社区任由水务公司摆布，他们毫无歉意地将未经处理的污水排放到热门的游泳场所。”)”可知，水务公司毫无歉意地将未经处理的污水排放到热门的游泳场所，结合划线短语所在的句子“Thegovernmentneedstostoplettingwaterpanies…(政府需要停止让水务公司)”可知，政府应停止水务公司的这种“毫无歉意地”把污水排放到热门的游泳场所，由此可知，划线短语的意思与“毫无歉意的行为”的意义相近。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据首段中的“AlmostaquarteroftheUK’sseaswimmersmaynotswimintheoceanthisyearbecauseofsewage(污水)dumpingbywaterpanies,accordingtoapoll(民意调查).SewagewasdumpedintowatersnearEngland’smostcelebratedbeachesfornearly8,500hourslastyear.Andtherewere1,504discharges(排出)in2022onbeachessupposedtobefreefromsuchpollution.(一项民意调查显示，由于自来水公司的污水排放，英国近四分之一的海泳者今年可能不会在海里游泳。去年，污水被倾倒到英国最著名的海滩附近的水域近8500个小时。2022年，在本应没有此类污染的海滩上，有1,504次排放。)”可知，民意调查表明，由于税务局将未经处理的污水排放到海滩附近，致使游泳者远离英国的海滩，结合下文中的介绍的英国环境部向政府的提议可知，这类内容最可能出现在网站中的环境一栏。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Itmakestheworldgoround.Itteacheslessons,makespeoplefeelwarm,andsometimescausespain.____16____That’sright—we’retalkingaboutthekneeshaking,palmsweating,heartpoundingfeelingoflove!Therearemanytypesoflove.Mostpeoplefeelloveformembersoftheirfamily—thislongtermconnectionisoftencalledattachment.Theymayfeelthissameemotiontowardfriendsorevenpets.____17____Thesefeelingsarequitedifferentfromthosepeoplefeelforfamilyandfriends.Sometimes,theseinitialfeelingsgrowintolongtermlovesimilartothatfeltinfamilies.Whydopeoplefeellove?Manyexpertsbelieveit’srootedinsurvival.Afterall,mostpeoplefirstfeelloveforfamilymembersorcaretakers.____18____Especiallyforchildren,thisisamajoradvantageforsurvival.Laterinlife,whenpeoplestarttoloveromanticpartners,thisisdrivenbysimilarneeds.____19____Itcanreducestressandlowerbloodpressure.Spendingtimewithlovedonescanalsoleadtoalongerlifespan.Infact,closefamilyandmunityrelationshipsisonefactorthatmayhelppeoplelivelonger.Withallthistalkaboutlove,maybesomeone,youcareaboutisonyourmind.Howcanyoushowsomeoneyoulovethem?Thereareplentyofways!Youcanconveylovebyshowingappreciation,givingpraises,andbeingagoodlistener.Sharing,doingsmallfavors,orgivingahugcanalsoshowapersonyoucare.____20____Ifyoucareaboutsomeone,tellthemso.Makingacardorwritingthemalettercanalsobegreatwaystosharelove.Ifyou’renotsurewhattodo,justaskyourself:Whatactionsmakeyoufeelloved?A.Ofcourse,wordsworkjustfine,too!B.Manypeoplesayit’salltheyneedinlife.C.Seeingsomeoneyoulovecancauseincreasedheartrate.D.Familiesandclosefriendstakecareofandprotecteachother.E.Scientistshavefoundthatlovemayalsohaveseveralhealthbenefits.F.Adifferenttypeofloveexistsbetweenromanticcouplesandlifepartners.G.Thatmayexplainwhypeopleinlovesometimesdescribelessdesiretoeatorsleep!【答案】16.B17.F18.D19.E20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。什么是爱？爱是如何运作的？本文讲述了爱背后的科学。【16题详解】根据上文“Itmakestheworldgoround.Itteacheslessons,makespeoplefeelwarm,andsometimescausespain.(它使世界运转。它能给人经验教训，让人感到温暖，有时也会带来痛苦)”以及后文“That’sright—we’retalkingaboutthekneeshaking,palmsweating,heartpoundingfeelingoflove!(没错，我们说的是那种膝盖颤抖、手心冒汗、心跳加速的爱的感觉！)”可知，本句与空格前两句意义上是顺承关系，说明“爱”的特征。故B选项“很多人说这就是他们生活中所需要的”符合语境，故选B。【17题详解】根据上文“Therearemanytypesoflove.Mostpeoplefeelloveformembersoftheirfamily—thislongtermconnectionisoftencalledattachment.Theymayfeelthissameemotiontowardfriendsorevenpets.(爱有很多种。大多数人对自己的家庭成员感到爱——这种长期的联系通常被称为依恋。他们对朋友甚至宠物也会有同样的情绪)”可知，该段首先讲述了对亲人、朋友等的爱，接下来讲述情侣之间的爱情。由此推断，选项F“浪漫的情侣和生活伴侣之间存在着一种不同类型的爱”起承上启下作用，符合语境。故选F。【18题详解】根据上文“Manyexpertsbelieveit’srootedinsurvival.Afterall,mostpeoplefirstfeelloveforfamilymembersorcaretakers.(许多专家认为这源于生存。毕竟，大多数人首先感受到的是对家庭成员或照顾者的爱)”提到许多专家认为，爱的根源在于生存，故接下来是对这句话作解释说明。选项D意思是“家人和亲密的朋友互相照顾和保护”，这与前一句意义一致，且与后一句意义上存在因果关系。故选D。【19题详解】根据后文“Itcanreducestressandlowerbloodpressure.Spendingtimewithlovedonescanalsoleadtoalongerlifespan.Infact,closefamilyandmunityrelationshipsisonefactorthatmayhelppeoplelivelonger.(它可以减轻压力，降低血压。花时间和爱的人在一起也能延长寿命。事实上，亲密的家庭和社区关系可能是帮助人们长寿的一个因素)”可知，后文提到爱可以减轻压力，降低血压。花时间和爱的人在一起也能延长寿命。事实上，亲密的家庭和社区关系可能是帮助人们长寿的一个因素。即爱对健康也有好处。故选项E“科学家发现，爱也可能对健康有益”最能概括该段大意。故选E。【20题详解】根据上文“Withallthistalkaboutlove,maybesomeone,youcareaboutisonyourmind.Howcanyoushowsomeoneyoulovethem?Thereareplentyofways!Youcanconveylovebyshowingappreciation,givingpraises,andbeingagoodlistener.Sharing,doingsmallfavors,orgivingahugcanalsoshowapersonyoucare.(说了这么多关于爱的话题，也许你心里还惦记着某个你在乎的人。你如何向别人表达你的爱呢？有很多方法！你可以通过表达感激、赞美和做一个好的倾听者来表达爱。分享，帮个小忙，或者给一个拥抱都可以表达你的关心)”可知，最后一段说的是如何表达爱，空格前介绍了几种表达爱的方式。选项A“当然，语言文字也很管用！”说的是表达爱的另外一种方式——爱就说出来。故选A。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Afewyearsago,AndyDavisandhiswifedecidedtoridetheirbikesacrossthecountry.Theyspentmonths____21____andplanningfortheiradventure.Butonedayjustafewmonthsbeforetheyweregoingto____22____,Davisfeltanintensepainacrosshis____23____.Hewassoondiagnosedwithheartfailure,aseriousconditioninwhichtheheartcannolonger____24____bloodefficiently.“Itwas____25____becauseIwassofit,andjustacouplemonthslaterIcouldhardly____26____,”hesaid.Hisdoctorstoldhimthattheonlywayhe’d____27____waswithanewheart.ByNovember,Daviswasplacedonahearttransplantlist—a/an____28____thatcantakemonths,ifnotyears.“Youdon’tknowifyou’regoingtogetaheart,”hesaid.“You____29____hope.”ButDavis’conditionquicklyworsened,andfor11days,hewaskept____30____withaballoonpumpplacedinsidehisheart.Onthe12thday,Daviswas____31____learnthatanewheartwasonitsway.ItwouldefromawifeandmothernamedSarahIvy.Today,Davismarvelsthatheisstillalive.Andheisfilledwith____32____forIvyandherfamily,whogavehimthegiftoflifeinatimeof____33____.Davisandhiswifearenowconsidering____34____thatcrosscountrybicycletrip.Andontheway,theyplantomeetIvy’sfamilyforthefirsttime,tothankthem____35____.21.A.studying B.training C.working D.struggling22.A.start B.quit C.w