北京航空航天大学外国语学院《821英语语言文学》（英语语言文学专业）历年考研真题及详解

目录

2012年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解

2011年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及部分详解

2010年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解

2009年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解

2008年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解

2007年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题及详解

2006年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题

2005年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题

2004年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题

2003年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题

2002年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研真题

附录：2014年北京航空航天大学821英语语言文学考试大纲

2012年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研

真题及详解

I.Defineandexemplifythefollowingterms(20／150，5×4)

1.Symbol

2.Tragedy

3.Aestheticdistance

4.Ambiguity

5.Paradox

II.EssayQuestionsandLiteraryAnalysis(30／150，3×10)

1.InShakespeare’sHamlet,thetragicheroHamletseemstobedelaying

hisrevenge.Why?Pleasegiveyour

explanationsbyin-depthanalysiswithtextualevidences.

2.HowdoyouunderstandtheEnlightenmentSpirit?Pleaseillustrate

yourpointsbyanalyzingatleasttwoliteraryworksfromtheEnglish

eighteenthcentury.

3.HowdoyouunderstandthenatureoftheAmericanDream?Please

analyzethethemeofAmericanDreamasrevealedinliteraryworkswithat

leasttwoexamples.

Ⅲ.LiteraryTranslation(40／150,2×20)

1.TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese.

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.Thissayingoftenattributedtothe

lateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Being

thinisdeemedassuchavirtue.Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsome

peopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippinginto

narrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—

orworse—partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn’tbebadeither,butthatwon’t

happenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,

leavingmemillionsofdollars.

2.TranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglish.

人有时非常矛盾。本来活得好好的，各方面的环境都不错，然而当

事者却常常心存厌倦。对人类这种因生命的平淡和缺少激情而苦恼的心

态，有时是不能用不知足来解释的。我曾对住在森林的一对夫妻羡慕不

已，因为森林里有清新的空气，有大片的杉树、竹林，有幽静的林间小

道，有鸟语和花香。然而，当这对夫妇知道有人羡慕他们的住所时，却

神情诧异。他们认为这儿没有多少值得观光和留恋的景致，远不如城市

丰富有趣。

IV.LiterarySelectionsandAnalysis(60／150，6×10)

1．

WHENthesweetshowersofAprilfallandshoot,

DownthrowthedroughtofMarchtopiercetheroot,

Bathingeveryveininliquidpower

Fromwhichtherespringstheendangeringoftheflower,

WhenalsoZephyruswithhissweetbreath

Exhalesanairineverygroveandheath

Uponthetendershoots,andtheyoungsun

Hishalf-courseinthesignoftheRamhasrun,

Andthesmallfowlaremakingmelody

Thatsleepawaythenightwithopeneye

Thenpeoplelongtogoonpilgrimages.

a.Identifytheauthorandtheworkfromwhichthepassageisselected.

b.Whyistheworkregardedasamasterpiece?

c.Commentonthelanguagestyleofthewriter.

2．

Andyetnothinghadchangedsincethemomentswhenhehadbeen

kissingher:orrather,nothinginthesubstanceofthings.Buttheessenceof

thingshadchanged.

…

Theseandotherofhiswordswerenothingbuttheperfunctorybabbleof

thesurfacewhilethedepthsremainedparalyzed.Heturnedaway,andbent

overachair.[She]followedhimtothemiddleoftheroomwherehewas,and

stoodtherestaringathimwitheyesthatdidnotweep.Presentlysheslid

downuponherkneesbesidehisfoot,andfromthispositionshecrouchedina

heap.

‘Inthenameofourlove,forgiveme!’shewhisperedwithadrymouth.‘I

haveforgivenyouforthesame!’

And,ashedidnotanswer,shesaidagain—

Forgivemeasyouareforgiven!Iforgiveyou,Angel.‘

‘You—yes,youdo.‘

Butyoudonotforgiveme?’

‘O[…],forgivenessdoesnotapplytothecase!Youwereoneperson:

nowyouareanother.MyGod—howcanforgivenessmeetsuchagrotesque

—prestidigitationasthat!’

Hepaused,contemplatingthisdefinition:thensuddenlybrokeinto

horriblelaughter—asunnaturalandghastlyasalaughinhell.

‘Don’t—don’t!Itkillsmequite,that!’sheshrieked.‘Ohavemercyupon

me—havemercy!’

Hedidnotanswer:and,sicklywhite,shejumpedup.

a.Identifytheauthorandtheworkfromwhichthepassageisselected.

b.Analyzethesignificanceofthebook’ssubtitle.

c.Analyzethepersonalityoftheheroineandhero.

3．

Shebecameawareofsomethingabouther.Withaneffortsheroused

herselftoseewhatitwasthatpenetratedherconsciousness.Thetallwhite

lilieswerereelinginthemoonlight,andtheairwaschargedwiththeir

perfume,aswithapresence.Mrs.Morelgaspedslightlyinfear.Shetouched

thebig,pallidflowersontheirpetals,thenshivered.Theyseemedtobe

stretchinginthemoonlight.Sheputherhandintoonewhitebin:thegold

scarcelyshowedonherfingersbymoonlight.Shebentdowntolookatthe

binfulofyellowpollen：butitonlyappeareddusky.Thenshedrankadeep

draughtofthescent.Italmostmadeherdizzy.

Mrs.Morelleanedonthegardengate,lookingout,andshelostherself

awhile.Shedidnotknowwhatshethought.Exceptforaslightfeelingof

sickness,andherconsciousnessinthechild,herselfmeltedoutlikescentinto

theshiny,paleair.Afteratimethechild,too,meltedwithherinthemixing-

potofmoonlight,andsherestedwiththehillsandliliesandhouses,allswum

togetherinakindofswoon.

a.Identifytheauthorandtheworkfromwhichthepassageisselected.

b.Definetheauthor’srealismwiththeanalysisoftheabovetext.

c.Whatisthemeofhiswork?Alsoexplaintheauthor’sunderstanding

ofsexuality.

4．

Thefoundersofanewcolony,whateverUtopiaofhumanvirtueand

happinesstheymightoriginallyproject,haveinvariablyrecogniseditamong

theirearliestpracticalnecessitiestoallotaportionofthevirginsoilasa

cemetery,andanotherportionasthesiteofaprison.Inaccordancewiththis

rule,itmaysafelybeassumedthattheforefathersofBostonhadbuiltthefirst

prison-housesomewhereinthevicinityofCornhill,almostasseasonablyas

theymarkedoutthefirstburial-ground,onIsaacJohnson’slot,andround

abouthisgrave,whichsubsequentlybecamethenucleusofallthe

congregatedsepulchresintheoldchurchyardofKing’sChapel.Certainitis

that,somefifteenortwentyyearsafterthesettlementofthetown,the

woodenjailwasalreadymarkedwithweather-stainsandotherindicationsof

age,whichgaveayetdarkeraspecttoitsbeetle-browedandgloomyfront.

Therustontheponderousiron-workofitsoakendoorlookedmoreantique

thananythingelseintheNewWorld.Likeallthatpertainstocrime,it

seemednevertohaveknownayouthfulera.Beforethisuglyedifice,and

betweenitandthewheel-trackofthestreet,wasagrass-plot,much

overgrownwithburdock,pig-weed,apple-peru,andsuchunsightly

vegetation,whichevidentlyfoundsomethingcongenialinthesoilthathadso

earlybornetheblackflowerofcivilisedsociety,aprison.But,ononesideof

theportal,androotedalmostatthethreshold,wasawildrose-bush,covered,

inthismonthofJune,withitsdelicategems,whichmightbeimaginedto

offertheirfragranceandfragilebeautytotheprisonerashewentin,andto

thecondemnedcriminalashecameforthtohisdoom,intokenthatthedeep

heartofNaturecouldpityandbekindtohim.

Thisrose-bush,byastrangechance,hasbeenkeptaliveinhistory:but

whetherithadmerelysurvivedoutofthesternoldwilderness,solongafter

thefallofthegiganticpinesandoaksthatoriginallyovershadowedit-or

whether,asthereisfairauthorityforbelieving,ithadsprungupunderthe

footstepsofthesaintedAnnHutchinson,assheenteredtheprison-door—we

shallnottakeuponustodetermine.Findingitsodirectlyonthethresholdof

ournarrative,whichisnowabouttoissuefromthatinauspiciousportal,we

couldhardlydootherwisethanpluckoneofitsflowers,andpresentittothe

reader.Itmayserve,letushope,tosymbolisesomesweetmoralblossom,

thatmaybefoundalongthetrack,orrelievethedarkeningcloseofataleof

humanfrailtyandsorrow.

……

Butthepointwhichdrewalleyes,and,asitwere,transfiguredthe

wearer,—sothatbothmenandwomen,whohadbeenfamiliarlyacquainted

withHesterPrynne,werenowimpressedasiftheybeheldherforthefirst

time,—wasthatscarletletter,sofantasticallyembroideredandilluminated

uponherbosom.Ithadtheeffectofaspell,takingheroutoftheordinary

relationswithhumanity,andinclosingherinaspherebyherself.

a.Identifytheauthoroftheworkfromwhichthepassageisselected.

b.Whatisthestructureofthestory?

c.Whatarethesymbolicmeaningsoftheletterbornebytheheroine?

d.Whatarethesymbolicmeaningsofthefourmajorprotagonists?

e.Commentontheselectedpassages.

5．

Therewas,ofcourse,acatch.

“Catch-22?”inquiredYossarian.

“Ofcourse,”ColonelKornansweredpleasantly,afterhehadchasedthe

mightyM.P.soutwithaninsouciantflickofhishandandaslightly

contemptuous—mostrelaxed,asalways,whenhecouldbemostcynical.His

rimlesssquareeyeglassesglintedwithslyamusementashegazedat

Yossarian.“Afterall,wecan’tsimplysendyouhomeforrefusingtoflymore

missionsandkeeptherestofthemenhere,canwe?Thatwouldhardlybe

fairtothem.”

a.Identifytheauthorfromwhichthepassageisselected.

b.Whatistheabsurdruleorregulationinthenovel?

c.Whatwritingtechniqueisthenovelfamousfor?

6.

TheApparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd:Petalsonawet,black

bough.

a.Identifytheauthorandtheworkfromwhichthepassageisselected.

b.Whatliteraryschooldoesthepoetbelongto?Pleasegiveadefinition

ofthatschool.

c.Pleaseanalyzethepoem.

参考答案及解析

I.Defineandexemplifythefollowingterms

1.Asymbolisanobjectthatrepresents,standsfor,orsuggestsanidea,

visualimage,belief,action,ormaterialentity.

Symbolstaketheformofwords,sounds,gestures,orvisualimagesand

areusedtoconveyideasandbeliefs.Forexample,aredoctagonmaybea

symbolfor“STOP”.Onamap,apictureofatentmightrepresentacampsite.

Numeralsaresymbolsfornumbers.Personalnamesaresymbolsrepresenting

individuals.Aredrosesymbolizesloveandcompassion.

2.Tragedyisaformofdramabasedonhumansufferingthatinvokesin

itsaudienceanaccompanyingcatharsisor

pleasureintheviewing.Whilemanycultureshavedevelopedformsthat

provokethisparadoxicalresponse,thetermtragedyoftenreferstoaspecific

traditionofdramathathasplayedauniqueandimportantrolehistoricallyin

theself-definitionofWesterncivilization.Thattraditionhasbeenmultiple

anddiscontinuous,yetthetermhasoftenbeenusedtoinvokeapowerful

effectofculturalidentityandhistoricalcontinuity—“theGreeksandthe

Elizabethans,inoneculturalform;HellenesandChristians,inacommon

activity,”asRaymondWilliamsputsit.

3.Aestheticdistancereferstothegapbetweenaviewer’sconscious

realityandthefictionalrealitypresentedinawork

ofart.Whenareaderbecomesfullyengrossedintheillusorynarrative

worldofabook,theauthorhasachievedacloseaestheticdistance.Ifthe

authorthenjarsthereaderfromtherealityofthestory,essentiallyreminding

thereadertheyarereadingabook,theauthorissaidtohave“violatedthe

aestheticdistance.”Thenotionofaestheticdistancederivesfromanarticleby

WilliamBulloughpublishedin1912.Inthatarticle,hebeginswiththeimage

ofapassengeronashipobservingfogatsea.Ifthepassengerthinksofthe

fogintermsofdangertotheship,theexperienceisnotaesthetic,butto

regardthebeautifulsceneindetachedwonderistotakelegitimateaesthetic

attitude.Onemustfeel,butnottoomuch.Bulloughwrites,“Distance…is

obtainedbyseparatingtheobjectanditsappealfromone’sownself,by

puttingitoutofgearwithpracticalneedsandends.Therebythe

‘contemplation’oftheobjectbecomesalonepossible.

Authorsoffilm,fiction,drama,andpoetryevokedifferentlevelsof

aestheticdistance.Forinstance,WilliamFaulknertendstoinvokeaclose

aestheticdistancebyusingfirst-personnarrativeandstreamof

consciousness,whileErnestHemingwaytendstoinvokeagreateraesthetic

distancefromthereaderthroughuseofthirdpersonnarrative.

4.Ambiguityisanattributeofanyconcept,idea,statementorclaim

whosemeaning,intentionorinterpretationcannotbe

definitivelyresolvedaccordingtoaruleorprocessconsistingofafinite

numberofsteps.

Theconceptofambiguityisgenerallycontrastedwithvagueness.In

ambiguity,specificanddistinctinterpretationsarepermitted(althoughsome

maynotbeimmediatelyapparent),whereaswithinformationthatisvague,it

isdifficulttoformanyinterpretationatthedesiredlevelofspecificity.

Contextmayplayaroleinresolvingambiguity.Forexample,thesame

pieceofinformationmaybeambiguousinonecontextandunambiguousin

another.

5.Aparadoxisastatementthatapparentlycontradictsitselfandyet

mightbetrue.Mostlogicalparadoxesareknownto

beinvalidargumentsbutarestillvaluableinpromotingcriticalthinking.

Someparadoxeshaverevealederrorsindefinitionsassumedtobe

rigorous,andhavecausedaxiomsofmathematicsandlogictobere-

examined.OneexampleisRussell'sparadox,whichquestionswhethera“list

ofallliststhatdonotcontainthemselves”wouldincludeitself,andshowed

thatattemptstofoundsettheoryontheidentificationofsetswithproperties

orpredicateswereflawed.Others,suchasCurry'sparadox,arenotyet

resolved.

ExamplesoutsidelogicincludetheShipofTheseusfromphilosophy

(questioningwhetherashiprepairedovertimebyreplacingeachofits

woodenpartswouldremainthesameship).Paradoxescanalsotaketheform

ofimagesorothermedia.Forexample,M.C.Escherfeaturedperspective-

basedparadoxesinmanyofhisdrawings,withwallsthatareregardedas

floorsfromotherpointsofview,andstaircasesthatappeartoclimb

endlessly.

Incommonusage,theword“paradox”oftenreferstostatementsthatare

ironicorunexpected,suchas“theparadoxthatstandingismoretiringthan

walking”.

II.EssayQuestionsandLiteraryAnalysis

1.TherearemanyreasonsastowhyHamletmightbedelayingthe

revenge.OneofHamlet’smanyreasonscouldbethat

heisafraidoftheconsequenceafterkilling.Heworriesthatthekilling

willcauseturbulencetohiscountry.Hecannotdecidetotakesuchrevenge.

HamletisquitereligiousseeingthathefearshisfaitifmurderingClaudius

duringhisprayer,“NowmightIdoitpat,nowheisa-praying,andnowI’ll

do’t-andsogoestoheaven,andamIreneged.Thatwouldbescanned.A

villainkillsmyfather,andforthat,Ihissolesondothissamevillainsendto

Heaven.”ThisshowstheaudiencethatHamletisreligiousandthathefears

theresultofkilling,HamletknowsthatifhekillsClaudiuswhileheprays,

Claudiuswillgotoheaven,andHamletwillhavetosufferthesinofkilling.

AnotherreasonastowhyHamletpostponedtherevenge,couldbethathe

didn’twanttohurthismotherGertrude,especiallyafterhisfatherwarned

himnottohurtherinanyway“Iwillspeakdaggerstoherbutusenon”,this

indicatesHamletsprotectionoverhismother,hewill“speakindaggers”talk

toherwithasharptonebut“usenon”tohurthismother.Itcouldbesaidthat

Hamletdidn’twanttokillClaudiusbecausehedidn’twanttoseehismother

sufferalossofanotherlovedone.

2.Enlightenmentreferstoaprogressiveintellectualmovement

beginninginFranceandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.Itisanexpressionof

struggleofthethenprogressiveclassofbourgeoisieagainstfeudalism.The

phrasewasfrequentlyemployedbywritersoftheperioditself,convinced

thattheywereemergingfromcenturiesofdarknessandignoranceintoanew

ageenlightenedbyreason,science,educationandarespectofhumanity.The

enlightenersfoughtagainstclassinequality,stagnation,prejudice,andother

survivalsoffeudalism.Theyattemptedtoplaceallbranchesofscienceatthe

serviceofmankindbyconnectingthemwiththeactualdeedsand

requirementsofthepeople.Theyacceptedbourgeoisrelationshipsasrightful

andreasonablerelationshipsamongpeople.Astoworks,Defoe’sRobinson

CrusoeandSwift’sGulliver’sTravelsarerepresentativeworksof

Enlightenment.Theyfullyrevealtheenlightenmentspiritofthatage.

3.AmericanDreammeansthatAmericaisaplacefullofopportunities

tobesuccessfulandifpeopleworkhardandarediligentenough,theycanget

thewealthandfamethattheywant;wealth,materialpossessionandpower

arethecorevaluesofAmericanDream.GatsbyinTheGreatGatsbyand

WillyinDeathofaSalesmanaretworepresentativesofthevictimsof

AmericanDream.Gatsbygetsmoneybydoingillegalbusinessandlives

luxuriouslifewhichmakeshimlonelyandmeaningless,finally,hewas

killed;thus,hisAmericandreamisshattered.WhileWillyisasalesmanand

heiseagertobesuccessful,butheisfrustratedbytheenvironmentand

peoplearoundhim,beingnotabletostandsuchreality,hecommitssuicide;

hisAmericandreamisshatteredaswell.

Ⅲ.LiteraryTranslation

1.TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese.

女人钱再多也不多，女人再瘦也不瘦。这句常被认为是已故温莎公

爵夫人说的话，很大程度上体现了时代精神的怪异———瘦被视为难得

的优点。此观点的问题在于有些人实际上力图身体力行。我自己就幻想

能轻松套上瘦小的时装，结果不管对自己生活有无好处，一味节食。有

钱也不是什么坏事，但这种情况不会落在我身上———除非某个遥远国

度有个不认识的亲戚突然死了，留给我几百万美元遗产。

2.TranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglish.

Peopleareforeverinadilemma.Theyliveafairlygoodlifeandtheir

circumstancesareasgoodascanbe,butfromtimetotimetheygrowtiredof

allthis.Onecanhardlyattributethismentality,arisingfromlife’smonotony

andlackofpassion,toinsatiabilityonthepartofhumans.Iusedtoenvya

marriedcouplewholivedinaforest,wheregrovesoffirtreesandbamboos

flourished,withquietandsecludedcobblestonepathsmeanderingthrough

thewoods,birdschirpingbeautifullyandflowerspermeatingfragrance.Yet

whentheyrealizedthattheyhadunwittinglybecomeanobjectofadmiration

owingtotheuniquelocationoftheirhouse,theyweretrulyperplexed.In

theireyes,therewaslittleintheforestwhichdeservedtobeseenormade

suchafussaboutwhencomparedtothefunandabundantlifeametropolis

canprovide!

IV.LiterarySelectionsandAnalysis

1．

a.TheauthorisGeoffreyChaucer,andtheworkisselectedfromThe

CanterburyTales.

b.Becauseinthiswork,Chaucershowsatrue-to-lifepanoramaofhis

thentime.Takingfromthestandofrising

bourgeoisie,Chauceraffirmsmenandopposesthedogmaofasceticism

preachedbythechurch.Hepraisesman’senergy,intellect,quickwitand

loveforlife.Histalesexposeandsatirizetheevilsofhistime,attack

degenerationofthenobleandthecorruptionofthechurch.Thisworkisfull

ofbeautifulthoughtsandlanguage,soitisregardedasamasterpiece.

c.Chaucer’slanguageisvividandexact.Hisverseisamongthe

smoothestinEnglishliterature.Chaucer’scontribution

toEnglishpoetryisthatheintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzaof

varioustypes,especiallytheheroiccouplettoEnglishpoetry.Hedidmuchin

makingtheLondondialectthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.Heis

goodattheterzarima,whichmakeshislanguageahighstyle.Chaucerisa

masteroflanguage.

2．

a.TheauthorisThomasHardy,andthepassageisselectedfromTessof

theD’Urbervilles.

b.ThesubtitleofthebookisAPureWomanwhichshowsthegreat

sympathyofThomasHardy.Andfromthissubtitle

wecanseethatHardyconfirmstheinnerpurityofTess,atthesame

time,hecriticizespeople’shypocrisyandtheharshreality.

c.Tessisabeautifulyoungwomanwhoisintelligent,naïve,passionate

andkind-hearted.Sheistrappedintoherfateand

cannotgetout.SheisunfortunateanddeducedbyAlec,whoistheevil

representativeinthebookandkilledbyTessdesperatelyintheend.Asa

result,Tessissentencedtodeath.

AngelistheverymanthatTessloves,buthedoesnotcherishherlove

forhim,andheabandonsTesswhenheknowsthatTessisdeducedbyAlec.

Althoughheisafreethinkingyoungmanandatypical19th-century

progressive,believinginthenobilityofman,hestickstothetraditional

valuesfirmly,whichmakehimmean,selfish,narrow-mindedandunableto

forgive.

3.

a.TheauthorisD.H.Lawrence,andthepassageisselectedfromSons

andLovers.

b.D.H.Lawrencewasoneoftheheirsofthegenreofrealism,

especiallypsychologicalrealism.Throughoutthisnovel,Lawrencereflects

thereality,criticizestherealityandfullyembodiestherealistthoughtsofhis.

Intheabovetext,LawrenceshowstherealisticdepictionofMrs.Morel’s

actionsandfeelings,whichistruetolife.

c.Thisworkistakenasatypicalexampleandlivelymanifestationof

Oedipuscomplexinfiction,astheresultof

Lawrence’slong-rangestudyofpsychoanalysistheoriesofSigmund

Freud.Butthethemeofthenovelisusuallysaidtoconcerntheeffectof

maternalloveonthedevelopmentofason.Atthesametime,Lawrence

criticizesthedehumanizationcausedbyindustrialization,underwhich

spiritualloveandphysicallovecannotbeintegratedwitheachother.

4.

a.TheauthorisNathanielHawthorne,andthepassageisselectedfrom

TheScarletLetter.

b.Theauthoremploysakindofcircularnarrativestructure（环形叙事

结构）andgivespeopleakindofcompleteness.

c.Thescarletletter“A”hasseveralsymbolicmeaningsthroughoutthe

story.Atthebeginning,itsymbolizes“adultery”whichindicatesthesinthat

theheroinehascommitted;later,itbecomes“able”,becauseoftheheroine’s

abilityandgoodness;atlast,itsymbolizes“angel”,whichconfirmsthe

heroine’sinnermoralityandpurity.

d.HesterPrynnesymbolizestruth,beautyandgoddess;Arthur

Dimmesdalesymbolizestheinnerdarkneesofhumanbeings;Roger

Chillingworthsymbolizestheevil,ruthlessnessandrevenge;Pearl

symbolizesthetreasureofhermother,thelivingscarletletter,thecodeof

ethics,andakindofspiritualandmoralburdenofHesterandDimmesdale.

e.Thesepassagesareadescriptionofconditionandenvironmentin

whichtheprotagonistconfront.Hawthornelikesto

depicttheenvironmentalconditionsaroundthecharacters,whichhelp

readerstograsptheatmosphereofhisstoryandgetabetterunderstandingof

it.Hislanguageisvividandfullofsymbolicimages.

5.

a.TheauthorisJosephHeller,andthepassageisselectedfromCthch-

22.

b.Theabsurdruleisaparadoxicaltrapforthesoldiers.Itstipulatesthat

onlyamadmancanbefreefromtheflight

mission,butifyousaythatyouaremad,itturnsoutthatyouarenot,so

youmustperformyourflighttask,etc.

c.Thenovelisfamousforitswritingtechniqueofusingofblackhumor.

Anditbecomesthemostrepresentativeworkofblackhumor.

6.

a.TheauthorisEzraPound,andthepoemis“InaStationoftheMetro”.

b.ThepoetbelongstoImagismSchool.Imagismisaliterarymovement

whichcameintobeinginBritainandU.S.

around1910asareactiontothetraditionalEnglishpoetrytoexpressthe

senseoffragmentationanddislocation.Theimagistsholdthatthemost

effectivemeanstoexpressthesemomentaryimpressionsisthroughtheuseof

onedominantimage.Imagismischaracterizedbythefollowingthreepoetic

principles:i)directtreatmentofsubjectmatter;ii)economyofexpression;

iii)asregardsrhythm,tocomposeinthesequenceofthemusicalphrase,not

inthesequenceofmetronome.

c.ThisisaclassicexampleoftheImagistpoetry.Poundwasonceina

Parissubwaystationandwasstruckbythefaces

ofafewprettywomenandchildrenhurryingoutofthedim,damp,and

somberstation.Soimpressedwashebythespectaclethatheresolvedto

bringitoutinpoeticlanguage.Theresultwas,ofcourse,thepoem.“The

object”tobetreatedisthefacesinthatdimanddampcontext.The

impressionisbroughtoutmostvividlybythesimple,dominantimageof

flowerpetalsonawet,blackbough,whichservesasthemostconcise,direct,

anddefinitemetaphorforthe“facesinthecrowd.”

2011年北京航空航天大学822英美文学考研

真题及部分详解

I.Definethefollowingterms(20/150，5×4)

1.WaitingforGodot

2.Harlemrenaissance

3.Antagonist

4.Comedyofmanners

5.Blankverse

Ⅱ.EssayQuestionsandLiteraryAnalysis(30/150，3×10)

1.SummarizePuritans’beliefs

2.Illustratethemaincharacteristicsofmodernismfromaliterary

perspective

3.MakeabriefcommentonJ.R.R.Tolkien’sTheLordoftheRings

Ⅲ.LiteraryTranslations(40/150，20×2)

1.PleasetranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese，andpay

attentiontoitsliteraryquality(20points)

ItwasNewYear’sNight.Anagedmanwasstandingatawindow.He

raisedhismournfuleyestowardsthedeepbluesky,wherethestarswere

floatinglikewhiteliliesonthesurfaceofaclearcalmlake.Thenhecast

themontheearth,wherefewmorehopelesspeoplethanhimselfnowmoved

towardstheircertaingoal—thetomb.Hehadalreadypassedsixtyofthe

stagesleadingtoit,andhehadbroughtfromhisjourneynothingbuterrors

andremorse.Nowhishealthwaspoor,hismindvacant,hisheartsorrowful,

andhisoldageshortofcomforts.

2.PleasetranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglishandpayattention

toitsliteraryquality(20points)

真正成为自己不是一件很容易的事。世上有很多人，你说他是什么

都行，例如是一种职业，一个身份，一个角色，唯独不是他自己。如果

一个人总是按照别人的意见生活，总是为外在的事务忙碌，没有自己的

内心生活，那么，说他不是他自己一点儿也没有冤枉他。因为的的确

确，从他的头脑到心灵，你在其中已经找不到丝毫真正属于他自己的东

西了，他只是别人的一个影子和事务的一架机器罢了。

IV.LiterarySelectionsandAnalysis(60/150，10×6)

1．

Inhereagernesssheroseandsupportedherselfonthearmofthechair.

Atthatearnestappealheturnedtoher,lookingabsolutelydesperate.His

eyes,wideandwet,atlastflashedfiercelyonher；hisbreastheaved

convulsively.Aninstanttheyheldasunder,andthenhowtheymetIhardly

saw,butCatherinemadeaspring,andhecaughther,andtheywerelockedin

anembracefromwhichIthoughtmymistresswouldneverbereleased

alive：infact,tomyeyes,sheseemeddirectlyinsensible.Heflunghimself

intothenearestseat,andonmyapproachinghurriedlyto