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德钦县2023年考研《英语一》高分冲刺试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)完形填空(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)Ibelievethatsmallactsofkindnesshavethebiggestinfluenceonourlives.WhileonavacationinMexicowithmyfamily,Ilearnedthisvaluable36.Ourroomwasonthe8thfloorofourhotel,sowewould37theelevatoreveryday.38otherpeopleuseit,too.OneafternoonIrodeitalone.Thebellboygreetedmeand39thebuttonformyfloor.Ismiledandtooktheelevatorin40.Theelevatorstoppedatthenextfloor,andanelderlymaid41inwithalargebundleofcleantowels.Icouldtellshewas42tocarrythelargeloadandwasprobably43fromhavingworkedallmorning.Ifeltitwasnotmyplacetointerfere(干涉),soI44todosomethingtohelp.Thebellboy,alsosensingher45Themaidlookedattheboywith46andthensmiledgratefullytohis47.TheythenbegantospeakinSpanishtoeachother.48Icouldn’tunderstandwhattheyweresaying,Icouldtellbytheir49thattheboy’sactofkindnesshadmadeherday.Hecouldhaveriddeninsilencelikeme.Itwasn’this50tohelpher,buthedid51AfterIcameoutoftheelevator,guiltovercamemeasI52whatIshouldhavedoneinthatsituation.Whydidn’tItakethetowels?Theboywasn’t53ofhowhisactionswouldaffectallthepeople54histhoughtfuldeed.Heprobablydoesn’teven55helpingthewomanintheelevator.Tome,hissmallactofkindnessmademydayaswell.2152.A.lessonB.viewC.attitudeD.news2153.A.holdB.driveC.useD.try2154.A.MoreorlessB.OnebyoneC.SoonerorlaterD.Nowandthen2155.A.countedB.pushedC.announcedD.checked2156.A.silenceB.peaceC.darknessD.coldness2157.A.caughtB.calledC.steppedD.turned2158.A.preparingB.strugglingC.entertainingD.pretending2159.A.absentB.sickC.separateD.tired2160.A.hesitatedB.doubtedC.promisedD.agreed2161.A.abilityB.ageC.smileD.burden2162.A.sadnessB.surpiseC.loninessD.anger2163.A.loyaltyB.businessC.helpD.duty2164.A.sinceB.asC.whileD.if2165.A.descriptionB.introductionC.explanationD.expression2166.A.problemB.influenceC.jobD.purpose2167.A.anywhereB.anywayC.somewhereD.someway2168.A.thoughtofB.broughtaboutC.carriedonD.insistedon2169.A.afraidB.awareC.fondD.free2170.A.repeatingB.improvingC.recognisingD.witnessing2171.A.suggestB.rememberC.imagineD.enjoySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Whatmakesapersonagiverortaker?Theidea“givevs.take”takesshapeinallinteractions(互动)andrelationshipsofourlives.We’reeithergivingadvice,makingtimeforpeople,orwe’reonthereceivingend.Wekeepchangingbetweenthetwobasedondifferentsituationsonadailybasis,ifnotanhourlyone.AccordingtoAdamGrant,aprofessorattheUniversityofPennsylvania,mostpeoplearematchers.Theymakecarefulobservationsontakersandmakeitapointforthemtopaysomethingback.Theyhatetoseepeoplewhoactsogenerouslytowardsothersnotreceiveanyrewards.Actually,mostmatcherswilltryhardtopromoteandsupportgiverssothattheycangetthegoodtheydeserve.Isthereagenderfactor(性别因素)thatplaysapartinthis?AstudyledbyHannahRileyBowles,aprofessoratHarvardUniversity,focusedonthisquestion.Sheasked200seniormanagerstositdowninpairswhereonepersonwouldactasthebossandtheotherasanemployeetodiscusssalarypromotions.Male“employees”askedforanaveragesalaryof$146kwhilethefemalesaskedforonly$141k.Butwhydidtheynotbargainashardasthemen?Simplybecausetheyweremorelikelytobegivers.Asawoman,Idoenjoytheactofgivingupmytime,myknowledge,andmycareandmyattentiontoothers.Idon’texpectanythinginreturn,butIdotendtopullmyselfawaywhenIfeellikeI’mbeingtakenforgranted.IalsotendtogetupsetwhenIseealovedone’scontinuousactionsofkindnessgounnoticed.So,it’ssafetosayI’m50%giver,35%matcherand15%taker.Idoknowsomeone,however,whois99%giver.They’reconstantlydevotingtheirtime,sharingvaluableinsights(洞察力)andgoingoutoftheirwayforeveryonewhocrossestheirpath.Althoughthey’rechangedthelivesofmanypeople,theyrarelyseeanyofitreturned.Buttheuniverseisslowlyrepayingthem;they’renowextremelysuccessful,wellknownforwhattheydo.1、Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.A.mostpeoplethinktheyaregiversB.peoplearenotalwaysgiversortakersC.anindividualisborntobeagiveroratakerD.fewdifferencesexistbetweengiversandtakers2、InAdamGrant’sopinion,mostpeople________.A.hatetakers B.prefergivingtotakingC.enjoyrelyingonthemselves D.balancegivingandtaking3、Hannah’sstudyfocusedon________.A.theroleofgivingandtakinginjobsB.thegenderdifferenceingivingandtakingC.theroleofmenandwomeninsocietyD.thesalarydifferencebetweenwomenandmen4、Theauthortendsto________.A.thinkactsofkindnessshouldbevaluedB.expectsomethinginreturnforgivingmostofthetimeC.takegivingforgrantedD.beacompletematcher5、Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Givingistheshortestpathtosuccess.B.Sharingisthegreatesthumanquality.C.Nogooddeedgoesundone.D.Giversareworthrespecting.Text2AnewstudysuggestsclimateconditionsintheSaharaDesert,oneofhottest,driestandmostdesertedareasintheworld,havechangedfromwettodryaaboutevery20,000years.ButpreviousevidencehassuggestedtheSaharadidnotalwaysexperiencesuchextremeheatanddryconditions.Attimes,theSaharaRangedtoaverywetclimate.Thispermittedplantsandanimalstodevelopandgrowandledtothecreationofhumansettlements.Now,theyhavediscoveredmoreevidence,which,theleadresearcherDavidMcGeesays,supportstheideathattheSahara'sclimatekeptchangingbetweenwetanddryaboutevery20,000,years.McGeereportedtheseclimatechangesweremainlydrivenbychangesintheEarth's(地轴)astheplanettravelsroundthesun.Thisprocessaffectstheamountofsunlightbetweenseasons.Every20,000yearstheEarthreceivesmorestrongsummersunlight.WhentheEarth'saxischangesagain,theamountofsunlightisreduced.Thisseasonchangehappenedcontinuouslyevery20,000years.Theotherpartoftheseasonproducedrainyconditions,resultinginawetter,greener,plant-richenvironment.Whentherainyactivityweakens,theclimatebecomeshotanddry,liketheSahararemainstoday.Thescientistsbasedtheirresearchondustcollectedfromoceansediment(沉积物)intheAtlanticOceanbottomoffthecoastofWestAfrica.Thedustcontainedlayers(层)ofancientsedimentbuiltupovermillionsofyears.EachlayercouldcontaintracesofSaharandustaswellastheremainsoflifeforms.Thisinformationwasusedtoassessoverwhattimeperiodthedusthadbuiltup.ThisledtotheoverallfindingthattheSaharanchangesfromwettodryclimateshappenedevery20,000years.DavidMcGeesaidthattodayweonlyseetheSaharaDesertasanextremelydesertedand“inhospitable”place.Thenewstudysuggeststhatthearea'sclimatehaschangesbetweengrasslandsandamuchwetterenvironment,andbacktodryclimates,evenoverthelastquartermillionyears.McGeesayshethinksthelatestresearchcanbevaluableinstudyingtheSahara'shistoryasitrelatestohumansettlement.1、WhatdoesthenewstudyfindabouttheSaharaDesert?A.Itisoneofthehottest,driestandmostdesertedareasinAfrica.B.Italwaysexperiencesextremeconditionsbecauseofitsposition.C.Itsclimatechangesbetweenwetanddryaboutevery20,000years.D.Itsenvironmentalconditionsstopplantsandanimalsfromsurviving.2、WhatisthedirectreasonforSahara'sclimatechanges?A.Rainyactivity. B.Solarradiation.C.Humanactivity. D.Globalenvironment.3、Howdidtheresearchersacquiretheevidence?A.Byanalyzingoceanlife.B.BystudyingSahara’shistory.C.Bycollectingdustonthecoast.D.Byexaminingmeansediment.4、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inhospitable”probablymean?A.Unsuitabletolive. B.Insignificantlostudy.C.Unabletoexplore. D.Impossibletochange.Text3“Don’tanswerit,”IsaidtoSam.Ourdoorintheinnercityisconstantlyknockedon;ourpreviousdoorinthesuburbsrarelyso.Samhasafull-timejobandcannotspendhisdaysansweringrequeststofixleakingbathsorcarrycashtothebank.SamopenedthedooranditwasMervin.“There’sabirdonthesecondfloor,”hesaid.“It’sintrouble.”SamfollowedMervinupstairs.MervinpointedandturnedtoletSamlook.Itwasapigeon,themostcommonofallbirds,thebirdmostlikelytofoul(弄脏)yournewlywashedcar.Anditwasn’tflyingaway.Itwasstampingincircles.AsSambenttolook,Mervincoughed,“Numbertwo.”Samaskedhimtorepeatthat.“Numbertwo,”Mervinsaid."Thepigeonhasbeensittinginhisownnumbertwo,andnowit’sstucktohisfoot.”Ithadrainedforfivedays,andthebirdwasyoung.Itcouldhavebeenshelteringinawetnestofitsownwaste,whichhadthendriedonitsfoot,preventingitfromflyingaway.Thepigeonmovedinafewmorecircles.Sambenttotakeanotherlook.Mervinsaid,“Allright,then.”andwalkedaway.“Whydoeseveryonethinkyoumustsolvetheproblemsaroundhere?”IsaidtoSamwhenhereturnedwithhisstory.“It’sabird.Justleaveitonthestairs,andletnaturetakeitscourse.”Samdidn’tagree.Thenhewenttothegarageandemptiedthecardboardboxcontainingourimportedcampingmats.Hereturnedwiththegraypigeoninthebox.Heshowedthebirdtoourchildrenandtheydecidedtokeepit.Theyputitsfootinthewarmwaterbathandgotridofitswaste.Immediatelythepigeoneruptedinabomboffeathersandbeganflying.1、Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheknocks?A.Shefeltbored. B.Shewasfrightened.C.Shegotexcited. D.Shewassurprised.2、Whywasthepigeonmovingincircles?A.Itwaslearningtofly.B.Itwasbadlyinjured.C.Itgotcaughtintherain.D.Itwastrappedbyitswaste.3、WhatdidSamusethecardboardboxtodo?A.Shelterfromrain.B.GiveittoMervin.C.Washcampingmats.D.Makeanestforthebird.4、WhatcanwelearnaboutSamfromthetext?A.Hewasbrave. B.Hewasclever.C.Hewaswarm-hearted. D.Hewaseasy-going.Text4ItookajourneytoNewYork,USseveralmonthsago.ItwasthefirsttimeIhadbeenabroad.ItwasalsothefirsttimeIhadtakenatripbymyself.Ihadgreatenthusiasmandhighhopes,andIwasn'tletdown.It’shardtodescribehowIfeltwhenIarrivedattheairportinNewYork.Lookingatpeopleofdifferentracesandnationalitiespassingbyandhearingdifferentlanguagesallaroundme,Icouldn’tsayanythingforalongtime.IhadneverunderstoodtheculturaldiversityoftheUSsoclearlyandcloselybefore.Thefollowingdayswereevenmoreimpressive.Weintegrated(融入)intotheforestofconcreteandcement(混凝土和水泥).WewavedtotheStatueofLiberty;welookeddownatthebusyislandofManhattan;welookedatwell-knownuniversities—HarvardofancientEgypt.Thenwevisitedsomewell-knownuniversity—Harvard,Yale,PrincetonandColumbia—eachwithitsownappealingandtime-honoredhistory.Butwhatalltheseuniversitieshaveincommonistheirpeacefulacademicatmosphereswitchyoucouldfeeleverywhere.Iwasimpressedbythelibraries,decoratedjustlikecathedrals(教堂),andthelaboratoriesjustnexttotheclassroom.Mydreamistoreturntothoseplacesasaninternationalstudent.Finallycameourdestinations—theModelUnitedNationsconferenceattheUniversityofChicago.StudentsfromvariouscountriesarrivedtoactasUnitedNationsdelegationsandsharetheiropinionsaboutglobalissues.Asanon-nativespeaker,Ifeltthatcompetingagainstnativespeakerswasaverytoughtask.ButitwasalsoararechangetoimprovemyEnglishandIcouldn’tthrowitaway.Withperseveranceanddevotion.Igotusedtotalkingtootherdelegationsnaturally.AlthoughIdidn'twinanyawards,thechairmanpraisedmeattheclosingceremonyformyexcellentperformance.Thatmademefeelreallyproud.Thistripbroughtmeunforgettableandvaluableexperiencesthatwillbenefitmeforever.1、Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthor'sgoingtoAmerica?A.Toseesomeplacesofinterest. B.Tovisitsomewell-knownuniversities.C.Toattendacompetitionatauniversity. D.Tolearnabouttheculturaldiversitythere.2、Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhe/shesawtheculturaldiversityoftheUS?A.Regretful. B.Amazed. C.Peaceful. D.Confident.3、Whatistheauthor'swishinthefuture?A.ToworkfortheUnitedNations. B.Totourmorecountriesintheworld.C.TohaveajobintheUnitedStates. D.TostudyinthefamousuniversitiesinAmerica.4、Whydidtheauthorfeelproud?A.Hewonanawardinthecompetition. B.Hewaspraisedbythechairman.C.Hecouldpersuadeotherstoaccepthisopinions. D.HecouldspeakEnglishwellattheconference.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Oneday,whenIwascookingtheeveningmeal,mydaughterstoodbesidemeverystillWhenIturned,Inearlyknockedherdown“Moveoutoftheway,”IsaidimpatientlyShewalkedaway,andherlittleheartwas1.(break)Ididn’trealize2.rudelyI’dspokenWhenI3.(lie)awakeinbed,God’ssmallvoicecametomeandsaid,“While4.(deal)withastranger,youusecommonpoliteness,butthechildrenyoulove,youseemtoabuseLookatthekitchenfloor,andthosearetheflowersshebroughtforyou”Bythistime,mytearsbegantofallIquietlywentandsatbyherbed“Arethesetheflowersyoupicked5.me?I’msosorry”IsaidShesmiled,“Oh,Mom,that’sokayIloveyouanyway”Isaid,“Daughter,Iloveyoutoo,andIdoliketheflowers,6.(especial)theblue”Youshouldbeawarethatifweweretodietomorrow,thefamilyweleftbehindwouldfeelthelossfor7.restoftheirlivesAndcometothinkaboutit,wedevote8.(us)moretoworkthantoourfamily-an9.(wise)decisionindeedSo,whatisbehindthestory?Filllifewithloveand10.(brave),andweshallliveahappylifeScientistshavefoundareliablewaytolengthenlifeinlabanimals:Reducetheamountofcalories(卡路里)theyeatThismethod,1.(know)ascaloricrestriction,hasbeenshowntolengthenlifeoforganisms(有机体)andreducesomeage-related2.(disease)Whetheritcandothesameinpeoplehasbeenanopenquestion3.,anewstudysuggeststhatinadults,long-termrestrictionofcalorieintakecanhaveaneffectontheirhealthTheresearcherslookedatagroupof143healthyadultswhorangedinage4.21to5.Theywereinstructed6.(practice)caloricrestrictionfortwoyearsTheycouldeatthefoodstheywantedsolongastheycutbackonthefoodstheyate,withtheaimof7.(cut)thecaloriestheyconsumedby25percentManydidnotachievethatgoalOnaverage,thedietersmanagedtocutdownabout12percentoftheirtotalcalories,or8.(rough)300caloriesadayButthegroupsawmanyoftheirhealthmarkersimproveThey9.(lose)bodyfat,theirbloodpressurefellslightly,andtheyhadbetterbloodsugarcontrolMeanwhile,another75healthyadults10.didnotpracticecaloricrestrictionsawno11.(improve)inthesemarkersSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)AWonderPlantEveryrainyseason,themountaingorillas(大猩猩)ofCentralAfricamigratetothefoothillsandlowerpartsoftheVirungaMountainstofeedonbamboo.Forthe650orsothatremaininthewild,it’savitalfoodsource.1、Gorillasaren’ttheonlylocalskeenonbamboo.Forthepeoplenearthemountains,it’savaluablerawmaterialusedforbuildinghousesandmakinghouseholditems.Butinthepast100years,resourceshavecomeunderincreasingpressureaspopulationshaveexplodedandlargeareasofbambooforesthavebeenclearedtomakewayforfarms.2、Allovertheworld,therangesofmanybamboospeciesappeartobereducing,endangeringthepeopleandanimalsthatdependuponthem.AreportpublishedbytheUNEnvironmentProgrammehasrevealedjusthowprofoundourignoranceofglobalbambooresourcesis.Bambooisawonderplant.Itsecologicalroleextendsbeyondprovidingfoodandhabitatforanimals.Bambootendstogrowinstandsmadeupofgroupsofindividualplantsthatgrowfromrootsystems.Itsextensiverootsystemsarecrucialinpreventingwaterlossandsoilerosion.3、InIndia25%ofpaperproducedismadefrombamboofiber,andinBrazil,100,000hectaresofbambooaregrownforitsproduction.Becauseofitsflexibilityandstrength,ithastraditionallybeenusedinconstruction.Bambooisoftentheonlyreadilyavailablerawmaterialforpeopleinmanydevelopingcountries.4、RayTownsend,vicepresidentoftheBritishBambooSociety,says,“Someplantsarethreatenedbecausetheycan’tsurviveinthehabitat—theyaren’tstrongenoughortherearen’tenoughofthem,perhaps.Butbamboocantakecareofitself-itisstrongenoughtosurviveifleftalone.5、”Whenforestgoes,itistransformedintosomethingelse:thereisn’tanywhereforforestplantssuchasbambootogrowifyoucreateacattlegrassland.A.Sadly,thisisn’tasinglestory.B.Itisthephysicaldisturbancethatisthethreattobamboo.C.Untilnow,bamboohasbeenviewedasasecond-classplant.D.Withoutit,theirchancesofsurvivalwouldbereducedsignificantly.E.Besides,bamboo’smostimmediatesignificanceliesinitseconomicvalue.F.Morethanabillionpeoplerelyonbambooforeithertheirshelterorincome.G.Despitebamboo’svalueineconomyandecology,itssituationisallthemoreworrying.GettingolderNoonereallyknowshowandwhypeoplechangeastheygetolder.1、
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