语法专项-宾语从句01

verycold.verycold.天气非常冷。（1）Theweather is主语 +谓语（连系动词）+表语(2)Helaughed■他笑。主语+谓语（vi.不及物动词）⑶IlikeChinesefood■我喜欢中国食物。主语+谓语（vt.及物动词）+宾语（名词）(4)Hesentmeapostcard.他寄给我一张明信片主语+谓语（vt.及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语⑸Icanmakeyouhappy■我会使你幸福的。主语+谓语（vt.及物动词）+宾语 +宾语补足语*英语动词主要有两大类：系动词和行为动词（1） 系动词是连接主语，表明主语身份、性质、状态的动词，主要有 be动词和感官动词feel,smell,taste等两大类，后接形容词等表语。*be动词的形式有am,are,is，过去式was/were，过去分词been,现在分词being（2） 行为动词分为及物动词和不及物动词*请把以下方框的单词分别填入下面及物动词和不及物动词：arrive,come,die,play,fall,happen,speak,rise,borrow,discover,enjoy,invent,use,put,love,know,raise,supply,buy,run,jump,及物动词： 不及物动词： ⑶宾语的形式Ilikemyteacher.（名词作宾语）Ienjoyplayingbasketball*动名词作宾语）Idecidetostudyhard.（不定式作宾语）Iknowhim.（代词作宾语）（二）宾语从句（1） 宾语从句的定义:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。（2） 宾语从句的基本结构：We know Yaoming.（简单句）主语 +谓语 +宾语WeknowthatYaoming] is afamousbasketballplayer.（宾语从句）（主语谓语）（连词从句主语从句谓语\主句/\从句✓I sawthatCharlesplayed baskeltball yesterday.（宾语从句）（主语谓语）（连词从句主语从句谓语 从句宾卡1 状语）\王句/\从句Z*句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句⑶从句的连词（引导词）*在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that（that常可省略）,whether,if代词：who,whose,what,which副词：when,where,how,why等。♦that的用法that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略LinTaoknows（that）hisownteamisevenbetter.（陈述句语序）Shesays（that）shewon'ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnex.SundayJimthought（that）thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.Hesaid（that）hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.2•以下情况that不能省略：*Shetoldme（that）thefilmwasverygoodandthatshewantedtoseeitagain.她告诉我那部电影很好，而且她还想再看一次。*Shesaidthatthatwasasecret.她说那是一个秘密。3•下列情况只用that⑴besidesthat：此外；除了Sheknewnothingbesidesthathewasthere.除了知道他在那儿外，她什么也不知道。（2） butthat:要不是；如非，除…外Nothingwouldpleasehimbutthatwegoalong.除了我们往下进行之外，什么都不会使他开心。（3） exceptthat:除去…之外；只可惜；除去，除掉Iknownothingexceptthathelefthomeearlythatmorning.我只知道那天早晨他很早就离开了家，其余的我就不清楚了。Sherememberednothing（abouthim）exceptthathishairwasblack.她（对他）什麽都不记得，只记得他的头发是黑的。Hesaidnothingexceptthathewasallright.他只是说他很好，其他什么都没说。（4） inthat：［书面语］既然，因为；在……方面IpreferhisplantoyoursinthatIthinkitismorepractical.我更喜欢他的计划，因为我觉得他的计划比你的更实际。Mendifferfrombrutesinthattheycanthinkandspeak.人和动物的区别在于人能思维，人有语言。*这几个介词：besides,but,except,in在语言的进化发展过程中，与that构成了一个复合词，起连词作用，that不可省略。其中除了inthat“在于”外，besides/but/except都含有“除了”的意思。当然并非except后的从句都用that引导，根据词义也可用what,when,how,where,whether（不用which和if）等引导。whether/if“是否”1.if/whether“是否”，通常可以互换，但是不能省略。主句的谓语动词通常有wonder想知道,ask问,mind介意,findout查明等。—Wereyoulateforschoolthismorning?（一般疑问句）—Mymotheraskedmewheter/ifIwaslateforschoolthismorning.（陈述句语序）*请将下列句子的画线改为一般疑问句：Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let'sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.2■下列情况只用whether不能用if:*Oursuccessdependsonwhetherweworkhard.我们的成功取决于我们是否努力。*We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishthehomework.我们正在考虑是否能完成这项家庭作业。*1don'tknowwhetheritwillraintomorrowornot.我不知道明天会不会下雨。*Shedidn'tsaywhetherornotshewouldcome.她没说她是否会来。Whetherhewillcome,Ican'tsay.他是否会来，我说不准。Whetheritrainsorsnows,Idon'tcare.是否会下雪，我都不在乎。*Idon'tknowwhethertoselltheoldcar.我不知道是否把旧车卖掉。注意：if放句首时，是"如果”的意思：Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon'tgo.如果明天下雨，我们就不去了。3连接代词：which哪个,what什么，whose谁的,who谁,whom谁,whatever无论什么,whoever无论谁,whomever无论谁,whichever无论哪个等。比较下列句子：—Wholivesinthisroom?谁住在这个房间？—Iwonder inthisroom.我想知道谁住这个房间。—Whoareyou?你是谁?—Idon'tcare •我不在乎你是谁。—Whodoyouworkfor?你为谁工作？—Tellme .告诉我你为谁工作。—Whodoyouthinkissuitable?你认为谁合适？—Youmayselectwho issuitable.你可以选你认为合适的人。*WenowknowwhatwashappendinginBellTowerneighborhood现在我们知道钟楼小区发生什么事情了。*Thomaswantstoknowwhatshethinksofthetransportation.托马斯想知道她对交通有什么看法。*Doyouknowwholivesinthisroom?你知道谁住在这个房间里吗？*Idon'tknowwhosebagitis.我不知道这个是谁的包。*Canyoutellmewhichsubjectyoulikebest?你能告诉我你最喜欢哪门学科吗？Idon'tknowwhomhehasinmindforthejob.我不知道他想让谁来做这项工作。*Youmustdowhateverisbestforyou.什么对你最有利你就得做什么。Youmayselectwhoeveryouthinkissuitable.你看谁合适就选谁。She'llbuywhicheverischeapest.什么最便宜她就买什么。Youcaninvitewhomeveryoulike你可以邀请你喜欢的任何人。4连接副词：where,when,why,how1•把下列句子改为特殊疑问句：*Doyouknowwhenbasketballwasinvented?你知道篮球是何时发明的吗？*CanyoutellmewhereIcanbuyadictionary?你能告诉我在哪里可以买到词典吗？*1don'tknowhowIcanimprovemyEnglish.我不知道怎样才能提高我的英语。*Themanwonderedwhyhissnacksweresohot.这个人想知道他的小吃为什么这么热！2■由how构成的词组也可以引导宾语从句，howold,howmany,howmuch,howoften,howfar,howlong等。Canyoutellme heis?你能告诉我他多大吗？Wedon'tmind wehavetogo.我们不介意去多远。Doyouknow colorsthereareinarainbow?你知道彩虹有多少种颜色嘛？Canyouimagine hepaidforthatcar?你能想象他那车付了多少钱？Youneedtoworkout youaregoingtousethephone.你应该弄清楚多久用一次电话。Shewondered thishotweatherwilllast.她好奇这炎热天气将会持续多长时间。§在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。*常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,surprised等Hewassurprisedthathisfatherhadsoldthefarm.他对父亲已卖掉农场一事感到惊讶。I'msurethismoviewillbegoodboxoffice.我相信这部电影一定卖座。Iamgladthatthebuyershaveacceptedmyopinion.我很高兴买主已经接受我的意见。I'msorrythatIcan'tjoinyouinthediscussion.很遗憾，我不能参加你们的讨论了。I'mafraidthatit'snotgoingtoworkout.恐怕这事不会成的。（三）考点考点一：时态如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2•如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）

Iknewwholivedhere.Hetoldmethatshewastalkingwithhermotheratthattimelastweek.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebackthenextday.Hesaidthathehadseenitbefore.3•当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.Theteachersaidthattheworldismadeupofmatter.主句时态从句时态主句时态从句时态连接前连接后连接前连接后一般现在时—般过去时考点二：语序时态保持不变—般过去时冠完成时过去将来时过去进行时一般现在时—般过去时考点二：语序时态保持不变—般过去时冠完成时过去将来时过去进行时一般现在时—般过去时一般将来时现在进行时隘从句的语序必须用陈述语序WhenwiHisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon'tknowwhathewantstobuy.ary?连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分Idon'tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.Whoarewegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?DoesheknowFrench?Wewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsFrench.Wewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowFrench.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?They'renotsureif/whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer.They'renotsureif/whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer.考点三：宾语从句的否定转移*主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,consider,expect,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.Idon'tthinkhewillcometomyparty.我认为他不会来我的舞会.Idon'tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是？考点四：wh连词+动词不定式todo—Idon'tknowwhatIshalldonext.—Idon'tknowwhattodonext.—Shedidn'tdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.—Shedidn'tdecidewhichonetochoose.—Pleasetellmewhomyou'llgivetheletterto.—Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.注意事项1一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句，即不用that/ifIamsurprisedatwhathesaid.我很惊讶他所说的话。Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。Thefirstprizeshouldgotowhoeverwritesbest.头等奖应颁给最优秀的作者。Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughexperienee.—切取决于我们是否有足够的经验。2有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it*这类动词主要有:like,hate,take,owe,have,seeto.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.(that不能省略)Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我们认为你会同意我们的.Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.3其他*谓语动词为ask，后面紧跟whether/if，分开用that;*谓语动词为say，—般用thatShesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.Heasksif/whetherIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanoverthere(that)howyoucangettothebusstation.*doubt,doubtful用于肯定句时，后面的名词性从句连接词常用whether或if*doubt,doubtful用于否定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词用that。Idoubtif/whetherheisathome.Wedon'tdoubtthattheycancompletethetaskaheadoftime.*当besure引导主句是肯定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用that;*当besure引导的主句是否定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用whether或if。Wearesurethathewillbesuccessfulsoon.Theoldmandidn'tseemtobesurewhether/ifhehadmetme.宾语从句专项练习：一•将下列简单句改成宾语从句He'sgonetoHunan.Iforgot.2.Shesaid,"Theyarewaitingforabus."Whosebagisit?Doyouknow.Whatwillyoudo?Heasked.Whoteachesyoumaths?Heaskedme.haveseenhim.Iremembered.答案forgotthathehadgonetoHunan.Shesaidthattheywerewaitingforabus.Doyouknowwhosebagitis?Heaskedwhatyouwoulddo.Heaskedmewhotaughtmemaths.IrememberedthatIhadseenhim.完成句子wantedtoknow （她在和谁交谈）Hesaid （他以前见过我）3.1'msorryfor （我所做的事）Theteacherasked （谁能回答这个问题）Janesaidthat （她将乘飞机去那里）wantedtoknow （她是否有一些钱）Wehaven'tdecided （我们下一步该做什么）8.1'mnotsure （昨天天气是否晴朗）Heaskedme （是如何处理这件事的）Doyouknow （是否要下雨）wantedtoknow （她是否来还是不来）二•答案whomshewastalkingwithhehadseenmebeforewhatIhavedonewhocouldanswerthequestionshewouldgotherebyplane6.if/whethershehadany/somemoney7.whatweshoulddonext8.if/whetheritwillbesunnytomorrow9.whatIdidwiththematter10.ifitisgoingtorainwhethershewouldcomeornot三•选择填空：( )1」t'ssodark.Ican'tfindout it'saboy agirl.A.if,andB.that,andC.either,orD.whether,or( )2.Couldyoutellmeifhe toShanghai?A.hasgoneB.hadgoneC.went D.go( )3.Hetoldme shewouldcatchtheearlybus.A.which B.whether C.whyD.that( )4.Mrs.Greenaskedme Iwouldgowithher.A.what B.which C.why D.That( )5.1don'tknow thecoat cheapenough.A.if,isB.where,wereC.that,wasD.if,were( )6.Hesaidthatthey Yunnan.

A.havebeentoB.hadgonetoC.havegonetoD.hasgonetoA.havebeentoB.hadgonetoC.havegonetoD.hasgoneto( )7.Jackisn'tsure studentsthereareinhisclass.A.howmanyB.whatC.whichD.Whether( )8.Mybrothersaidhe going hisfriendthenextday.A.was,tomeetB.wouldgo,hasC.willgo,wasgoingtoD.willgo,will( )9.Hetoldmethathe toLondonthenextday.A.wouldgoB.go C.wentD.hasgone( )10.HesaidthatApril the monthofayear.A.is,thirdB.is,fourthC.was,fourthD.was,third( )11.Doyouknow ?A.isitwhosepenB.whosepenisitC.whosepenitisD.itiswhosepen( )12.Canyoutellme languageshespeaks?A.whichB.whose C.that D.whether( )13.1don'tunderstand yousaid.A.when B.that C.whereD.what( )14.Idon'tthink I outtheproblem.A.if,canworkB.how,willworkC.that,canworkD.when,willwork( )15.Sheisafraid he coldatnight.A.that,willcatchB.that,catchesC.whether,willcatchD.is,catches( )16.Wearesure he tospeakEnglishwell.A.that,learnedB.that,haslearned C.if,learned D.if,haslearned( )17.Don'tyoubelieve tothemoonbyspaceship?A.thatmandidflyB.howdidthemanflyC.ifmanflyD.whethermanfly( )18.It'sfoggytoday.Ican'tfindout it'saman agirl.A.if,andB.that,andC.either,orD.whether,or( )19.Couldyoutellmeifit alotinsummerinyourhometown?A.rainedB.rainC.rainsD.israining( )20.Ican'tremember Isentthebookto.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whom( )21.Wedidn'tknow tovisitourschool.A.whendidhecomeB.whenwouldhecomeC.whenhewascomingD.whenhecame( )22.Iwanttoknow willgowithus.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.that( )23.Doyouknowwhattime .A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves( )24.Wewantedtoknow theanswerwasrightornot.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what( )25.Shehasmadeitclear shewillhavenothingtodowithhim.A.whatB.whichC.whetherD.that( )26.Forcenturies,peoplehavewondered thiscontinentisreallylike,sinceitiscoveredwithsolidthickiceanddeepsnowalltheyearround.A.whatB.howC.whichD.whether( )27.Hereallydoesn'tknow theoverheadbridgewillbefinished.A.howmuchB.howfarC.howsoon D.howoften( )28.Theboyaskedhowfarthemoon fromtheearth.A.wasB.wereC.isD.was( )29.Iforgot Franee.A.hehasgonetoB.hehadbeento C.hewentD.hehadgoneto( )30.Theywillbethankfulfor youhavedone.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who三•答案1B;2A;3D;4C;5A;6B;7A;8A;9A;10B;11C;12A;13D;14C;15A;16B;17A;18D;19C;20D;21C;22A;23D;24C;25D;26A;27C;28C;29D;30AUnit2【whether/if引导的宾语从句练习】1.(2013.南京中考)一: weatheritis!Wecan'tgoboatingontheXuanwuLake.Unit3【疑问词引导的宾语从句练习】（2013.北京中考）Idon'tremember thebookyesterday.A.whereIputB.wheredidIputC.wherewill