从目的论角度下分析药品说明书

XXXXXXXXXX学院毕业论文AStudyoftheTranslationofImportedMedicineInstructions—FromthePerspectiveofSkopostheorieLucyLu指导教师：XXXX系：外国语系年级专业：级英语（XX）1班提交日期：5月6日答辩日期：5月16日答辩委员会主席（签名）：评阅人（签名）：五月十日Abstract：WiththeincreasingcommunicationbetweenChineseandWesternmedicines,theChinesemedicalindustrysprunguplikemushrooms.MoreandmoreimportedmedicinesareintroducedintoChina.Itisimportantthatdoctorhaveabetterunderstandingofthemedicinesasthemedicineinstructionisoneofthemostvitaltermsforthedoctorsandthepatients.Therefore,thetranslationofimportedmedicineinstructionplaysasignificantrole.Duetothedifferentculturebackgroundsandlimitedresources,itstillhassomedifficultiesintranslating.Skopostheorieasanessentialroleinthefunctionalapproachreleasestranslationfromsourcetextandprovidesanewperspectivetotranslation.Thisthesisintroducesthetranslationoftheimportedmedicineinstructionfromtheperspectiveofitsdifficultiesandcomplexity,expoundstheapplicationofSkopostheorieinthisfield,tocompletetheinadequateresearchinthisregard.Thepurposeofthisthesisistoputforthtranslationstrategy，Skopostheorieatitbestuseonthetranslationoftheimportedmedicineinstructionsoastohelpthetargetreceiverscatchabetterunderstandingoftheimportedmedicineinstructionavoidingthepotentialmedicalnegligence.KeyWords:Importedmedicineinstructions,Skopostheorie,Translation摘要：伴随中西医学的交流，中国的医学领域正快步向发达国家前进，越来越多的进口药物被引进中国市场。医生对药物的理解在开药的过程中十分重要，药物阐明书是指导医生及患者合理用药的重要根据。因此，进口药物阐明书的翻译至关重要。然而，由于文化背景的差异和有限的资源，我国目前在进口药物阐明书的翻译上仍存在某些困难。怎样处理这些难题并且在进口药物阐明书的翻译工作方面进行深度调查研究，将对中国的医药事业以及人类健康具有积极作用。本文重要从翻译目的论的角度探讨进口药物阐明书的翻译，简介翻译目的论及进口药物阐明书的概念，论述翻译的重要性和难点，并将翻译目的论应用到进口药物阐明书的翻译中。关键词：进口药物阐明书翻译目的论翻译CONTENTSTOC\o"1-3"\h\u29724ⅠIntroduction 132215IIIntroductionofSkopostheorie 2154062.1HistoricaloverviewonSkopostheorie 210302.2BasicconceptofVermeer’sandReiss’sSkopostheorie 49114ⅢImportedMedicineInstructionsandTranslationofImportedMedicineInstruction 483143.1Importedmedicineinstructions 551683.1.1Components 5170173.1.2Classification 75283.1.3Functions 8286453.2Translationofimportedmedicineinstructions 8155633.2.1Importanceoftranslation 8323483.2.2Difficultiesoftranslation 916012IVSkopostheorieAppliedintheTranslationofImportedMedicineInstructions 11138854.1Applicationoffunctionalistapproach 1145044.1.1Longsentencestranslatedbythestrategyofexplication 11140014.1.2Wordstranslatedbythestrategyofexplication 12262674.2ApplicationofSkoposrule 13274404.2.1Target-language-orientatedstrategy 1327234.2.2Choiceofwords 1497664.2.3Useofpassivevoice 148634ⅤConclusion 1520884Notes29561Bibliography28130AcknowledgementsⅠIntroductionWiththedevelopmentofthecountry’sreformandopeneduptotheoutsideworld,especiallyafterChineseenterintoWorldTradeOrganization(WTO),moreandmoreforeignmedicinesareenteringintoChinesemarket.Atthesametime,ChinaismakingeffortstoreachtheadvancedstandardofdevelopedcountriesinmedicalfieldandintroducingandimportingmanyforeignmedicinesintoChina.Therearemanykindsofforeignmedicinesontheshelvesindrugstoresorinhospitals.Asaspecialkindof“introduction”and“bridge”betweenconsumersandmedicalcompanies,medicinesinstructionsplayacrucialrole.Correspondingly,thetranslationofmedicineinstructionhasbecomeasignificantandurgenttask.However,thestudyoftranslationofmedicineinstructions,especiallythatfromEnglishtoChinese,israrelydealtwithandfarfromsatisfactory,becausesometranslationshavebeenmadeundertheguidanceoftraditionaltranslationtheories,andsomeinstructionshavebeenrenderedbyover-rigidlyadheringtothesourcestext.Asaresult,thetargetreadersmayhaveconfusionandtheymayhavemisunderstandingoftheindicationandthecontraindicationsofthemedicineaswell,whichmayeithertoleadthemtochoosethewrongmedicineorhaveconflictbetweenmedicinesthattheyareconsumingandfollowanambiguousinstruction.Astheimportedmedicineinstructionsbelongtooperativeandpracticaltypeduetotheirspecialpurpose—thepurposetohelpthosewhohavetheneedstochoosetherightmedicines,whichsuitablefortheirconditionsandtakethemedicinesundertheinstruction.Theapplicationofthetraditional“equivalence”theoryisnotadequate,forsomeothertechniquesandstrategiesshouldbeemployedinordertobetterservethepurpose.Therefore,theauthorhasattemptedtoemploytheSkopostheorieasthemajorguidingtheoryinanalyzingtranslationofimportedmedicineinstructions,andproposesthatthetarget-language-orientedandtarget–culture-orientedstrategiesareproperandeasytounderstandingfortheirtranslations.Thisthesisiscomposedoffivechapters.Chapteroneismainlyintroducesthebackground,somepreviousstudiesandthethesispurposeonhowtosolvetheexistentdifficultiesonthetranslationofimportedmedicineinstructionsfromtheperspectiveofSkopostheorie.ChaptertwoistheintroductionofSkopostheoriefromitsdefinition,characteristics,functionsandevolution.Chapterthreeisadiscussionofthecomponents,classificationandthemainfunctionsoftheimportedmedicineinstructions.ChapterfourexpoundsthetranslationofimportedmedicinesinstructionsbyapplyingSkopostheorietoachievethefinaltarget-languageorientation.Andinthechapterfive,abriefconclusionismadeforthewholethesis.=2\*ROMANIIIntroductionofSkopostheorieTheterminologyofSkoposisusuallyusedtodescribethepurposeoftranslationandtheword“Skopos”comesfromGreeklanguageandalsomeans“purpose”inGreeklanguage.1SkopostheorieisatheoryinwhichtheconceptionofSkoposisappliedintotranslation，whichplaysamajorroleinthefunctionalistapproachestotranslation,makesabreakthroughintheframeworkofthetraditionaltranslationprocess.Instead,itattachesgreatsignificancetotheskopes,whichdecideswhattotranslateandhowtotranslate.Theskoposruleisadvocatedasthebasicandchieftranslationrulebyfunctionalapproach.2.1HistoricaloverviewonSkopostheorieSkopostheoriesprangupinGermanyin1970s.Anditsdevelopmentcanbedividedintofourstages.Inthefirststage,KatharinaReissintroducedthefunctionalfieldintotranslationcriticism.Shelinkedlinguisticfunctionswithdiscoursetypesandtranslationstrategiesalsodevelopedthemodeloftranslationcriticism,whichwasbasedonthefunctionalrelationshipofsourcetextsandtranslationtexts,thereforeputforwardtherudimentofSkopostheorie.2Reissthoughtthatidealtranslationshouldbeacomprehensivecommunicativetranslation,whichhastobeequivalenttothesourcetextsinaspectsofcontents,linguisticforms,communicativefunctionsandothers.Inthesecondstage,HansVermeerputforwardSkopostheory,whichmadetranslationstudygetridoftheconstraintofthetheoryofsourcetext-oriented.InthetheoryofSkopos,Vermeerthoughtthattranslationwasanactionofpurposeandresult,whichwerebasedonthesourcetextsandshouldbecompletedbyadaptingtoanotherculture.3TranslationmustadheretosomerulesandSkopostheorymustbeputinthefirstplace.Thatistosay,translationtextisbasedonthepurposeoftranslation.Besides,Vermeeralsothoughtthattranslationhadtocomplywithlawsofintratextualcoherenceandintertextualcoherence.Intratextualcoherencelawmeansthatthetranslationtextmustbecoherentfromtheperspectiveofthewholetextandreaderscanunderstandthetranslationtext.Intertextualtranslationmeansthattheremustbecoherencebetweensourcetextandtranslationtext.Afterputtingforwardthesethreeprinciples,thejudgmentcriteriaoftranslationchangedfromequivalencetorealizingtranslationpurposes.Vermeeralsopresentedthattranslatorsshoulddecidewhatandhowtotranslate.Thatistosay,translatorsshouldadoptpropertranslationstrategiesandhaverightstodecidewhichpartstoberemainedandwhichpartstobeadjustedormodifiedaccordingtothetranslationpurposes.Inthethirdstage,HormatsusedcommunicativeandbehaviortheoriesforreferenceandputforwardthetheoryoftranslationbehaviorwhichgaveSkopostheoryfurtherdevelopment.4Hethoughtthattranslationwasanaction,whichwaspushedbypurposesanddirectedbytranslationresults.HistheoryhadmanysimilaritieswithSkoposandVermeercombinedhistheorywithherslater.Inthefourthstage,ChristinaNordconcludedandperfectedSkopostheoriecomprehensively.Sheexpoundedinternalandexternalfactors,whichshouldbeconsideredwhentranslatorsanalyzetextsatthefirsttime.5Shealsoexpoundedhowtochoosetranslationstrategiescorrespondingwithtranslationpurposesonthebasisofsourcetexts.NordfoundthatthereweretwodrawbacksinthetheoryofSkopos.First,becauseoftheexistenceofculturaldifferences,peoplewithdifferentculturalbackgroundshaddifferentopinionsaboutthesametranslation.6Second,iftranslatorstranslatedtextswiththeprincipleofSkopos,butthecommunicativepurposeoftranslationwasonthecontrarytothepurposeoforiginalauthor,thentranslatorswentagainsttheprincipleofloyalty,whichwasalsoofgreatsignificanceintranslation.Therefore,Nordputforwardthattranslatorscoulduseloyaltyprincipletosolveproblemsaboutculturaldifferences.7Shebelievedthattranslatorsshouldberesponsibletoreadersandexplainedtothemwhytheytranslatedtextsintheseways.Besides,translatorsshouldbeloyaltooriginalauthors.Translatorsmustrespectauthorsandcoordinatetranslationpurposeswithoriginalauthors’purposes.Hence,loyaltyprinciplemainlyfocusedonrelationshipsamongtranslators,originalauthorsandreadersduringtranslationprocesses.NordconcludedeachtheoryaboutSkoposandputforwardthattranslatorsshouldconformtotheguidanceofprincipleof“functionsandloyalty”.Finally,Skopostheoriewasdevelopedandperfected.2.2BasicconceptofVermeer’sandReiss’sSkopostheorieAsoneofthefounders,VermeerputforthSkopostheory,whichmadetranslationstudygetridoftheconstraintofthetheoryofsourcetext-oriented.Vermeersaid,“translationisnotonlyalanguageprocess,whichshouldbeseenasactivitythatthenonverbalcommunicationsymbolsandverbalcommunicationsymbolsysteminonelanguagearechangedintoanotherlanguage.”8HesuggestedthetranslatorshouldregardtheSTasresource,onlyprovidingtheinformation,whichneedstobetranslated.STwasnolongertobetheonlystandardtocheckwithitstranslation.Thetranslatorhadrightstomakehisproperselectiontomakehisworkabidebythebehavioroftargetcultureandexpectation.Thepossibilitytorealizethetranslationobjectiveisdependedontheconditionofthetargetculture.ReissdividedtheSTintothreetypes,informative,expressive,operativeonthebasisofK.Buhler’stheoryoflanguagefunctionandintroducedthefunctionalfieldintotranslationcriticism，Shelinkedlinguisticfunctionswithdiscoursetypesandtranslationstrategiesanddevelopedthemodeloftranslationcriticismbasedonthefunctionalrelationshipofsourcetextsandtranslationtexts.9Asaconsequence,sheputforwardtherudimentofSkopostheorie.Reissthoughtthatidealtranslationshouldbecomprehensivecommunicativetranslation,whichhastobeequaltothesourcetextsinaspectsofcontents,linguisticforms,communicativefunctions，etc.ⅢImportedMedicineInstructionsandTranslationofImportedMedicineInstructionImportedmedicineinstructionisprintedandprovidedbythepharmaceuticalcorporations,includingpharmacology,toxicology,pharmacodynamics,importantscientificdatasandconclusions,whichcontributestotheguidanceforclinicalmedicine.Thewesterncountrieshavebeeninadominantplaceforalongtimeinmedicineindustry.Theyhavethemostadvancedtechnologyandtheirgovernmentsandorganizationswillsupportthemwithlargeamountmoneyonthemedicalresearchprojects.Asaresult,itisanadvantageforChinatointroducetheimportedmedicines,alsolotsofChinesewouldprefertotheimportedmedicines.Atthispoint,thegoodandcleartranslationofimportedmedicineinstructionisinurgentneed.Ifaconsumerpurchasesortakestheun-knownmedicineswithoutanycorrectinstructions,itmayleadtothethreatoflife.Itisexactlythatthetranslationofimportedmedicineshouldbereceivedhighvalue.3.1Importedmedicineinstructions3.1.1ComponentsAlmostalltheimportedmedicineinstructionsconcludethefollowingcomponents:drugnames,description,pharmacologicalactions,indications,contraindications,dosageandadministration,adversereaction,precaution,storageandsoon.Thefollowingtextwillfocusonthefirstfourcomponents.Translationmethodsofdrugnamesusuallyincludetransliteration,freetranslation,translationofcombinationofliteraltranslationandfreetranslationaswellashomophonetranslation.10Transliterationmeansthattranslatedrugnamesaccordingtotheirpronunciation.Herearesomeexamples.“Tamoxifin”istranslatedinto“它莫西芬”，“Ritalin”istranslatedinto“利他林”,“Amcacin”istranslatedinto“阿米卡星”.Freetranslationmeansthatpeopletranslatedrugnamesaccordingtotheirmeanings.Thefollowingaresomeexamples.“CholicAcid”istranslatedinto“胆酸”,“Minidiab”istranslatedinto“灭糖尿”.Thetranslationofcombinationofliteraltranslationandfreetranslationmeansthatpeopletranslatedrugnamesaccordingtonotonlytheirpronunciationbutalsomeanings.Forexample,“Coumadin”istranslatedinto“香豆定”,“Medemycin”istranslatedinto“麦迪霉素”,“Cathinone”istranslatedinto“卡西酮”.HomophonetranslationrefersthatthetranslationofthedrugnamesmainlyinaccordancewiththeirpronunciationorselectsomeChinesecharacters,whichnotonlypronouncesimilarsoundsbutalsoexpresssimilarmeanings.Forexample,“Antrenyl”istranslatedinto“安胃灵”,“Doriden”istranslatedinto“多睡丹”.Descriptionusuallyknownasintroductionorcomposition,includeschemicalstructure,chemicalcomposition,physicalandchemicalproperty,etc.Normallyitismadeofdifferenttechnicaltermsandalwaysusesdeclarativesentences,whichareusuallyinpassivevoice.ExampleOne：Thisproductisadark-brownpillhavingaparticularsmellandabittertaste,anditleavesmomentaryparalysisinthetongue.本品为黑褐色微丸，具特异香气，味微苦，有麻舌感。ExampleTwo:Thisproductispreparedfromunitsofhumanplasmawhichhavebeentestedandfoundnonreactiveforhepatitisassociated(Australia)antigen.本品由人血浆制备，此血浆已通过检查，并且证明对肝炎（澳大利亚）抗原无反应。Pharmacologicalactionsalwaysincludeclinicalpharmacology,invitroexperiments,metabolism,potencyandtoxicity.Thiscomponentisusuallyadoptingdeclarativesentencesandcomplexclauseformationsaswellasabbreviations.ExampleOne:“Inclinicaltrialsthedrugwasshowntobehighlyeffectiveinimprovingandnormalizingthealteredcerebralcirculationandthosedisordersrelatedtoinsufficientarterialflowinthelimbs”临床试验证明，本品疗效高，可改善已变化的脑循环，使之恢复正常，治疗与四肢动脉血流不畅有关的疾病).ExampleTwo:EEG脑电图LD50半数致死剂量CNS中枢神经系统Indicationisthekeypointinimportedmedicineinstructions.Thiscomponentmainlyintroducesmedicineareeffectiveorineffectivetosomediseasesandvirus.Hence,itisusuallylistingsomenamesofdiseasesandvirusandsometechnicaltermswillappearfrequentlysuchasanginapectoris,hypertension,cancerandsoon.11Forexample:Trimetazidineisindicatedinadultsasadd-ontherapyforthesymptomatictreatmentofpatientswithstableanginapectoriswhoareinadequatelycontrolledbyorintoleranttofirst-lineantianginal.曲美他嗪合用于在成年人中作为附加疗法对一线抗心绞痛疗法控制不佳或无法耐受的稳定性心绞痛患者进行对症治疗。Contraindicationsmeansthatrestrictionsofmedicineonuseforsomepeople,onceitgoeswrong,itmaytakeawaysomeone’slife.Sometimesitisshownastheformofellipsisonlyillustratingsomediseasesorsomesimplesentences.ExampleOne:Hypersensitivitytotheactivesubstanceortoanyoftheexcipients.Parkinsondisease,Parkinsoniansymptoms,tremors,restlesslegsyndrome,andotherrelatedmovementdisorder.对药物任一组份过敏者禁用。帕金森病，帕金森综合症，震颤，不宁腿综合症，以及其他有关的运动障碍。ExampleTwo：Itcanbeusedforpatientswithpepticulcerorchroniccolitis.患消化道溃疡、慢性结肠炎者禁用。Inshort,everysinglepartsofthecomponentsisconnectedaswell,whichlaysadetailedformatforpeopletoknowsthebenefitsandshortcomingsofthemedicines,besidesithelpspeopleselecttherightmedicines.3.1.2ClassificationTheimportedmedicineinstructionscanbedividedintotwokinds.Onekindisinstructionsofprescriptionmedicine.Theotherkindisinstructionsofover-the-countermedicine.Prescriptionmedicinereferstothose，whichmustbeprescribedbydoctorsandtheynormallyhassometoxicities,potentialsideeffectsandsoon.Itsactiveingredients,dosageandadministrationalwayshavespecificrequirementsandthiskindofmedicinemustbeusedundertheinstructionsandguidancefromthedoctors.Prescriptionmedicineusuallycanbeclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Oneisnewlycomesintomarketanditssideeffectsstillneedstobeobserved;thesecondoneisthoseforthepsychiatrictreatment,suchasdiazepamtablets,analgesicandsoon;thelastoneisthespecialmedicinesrelatedcardiology，hypertensionandsoon，suchasLACIPIL,Irbesartan.Intheinstructionsofprescriptionmedicines,contraindications,dosageandadministration,adversereactionsandprecautionsareallveryimportantcontentbecauseifthesecomponentscan’texpressclearlyandprecisely,itmaycausedeathatanytime.Over-the-counter(OTC)medicinesrefertomedicines,whichpatientscanchooseandpurchasethemedicinesaccordingtotheirneedsandthemedicinehaslesssideeffectsthanprescriptionmedicines.OTCmedicinesareusedtocurecommondiseases,suchasfever,cold,cough,headacheandotherminorillnesses.Therearemorethan35thousandskindsofover-the-countermedicinesinAmericaaswellasinChina.Itbringsconveniencetotheworld.3.1.3FunctionsThemajorfunctionsofimportedmedicineinstructionsisabouttwoaspects，medicalsecurityandtheguidanceofclinicalmedication.12Alsoitcanbeillustratedinthisway.First,theimportedmedicineinstructionscoverdifferentinformationlikeeffectivescientificdataandconclusion,whichcanguidehowtousethemedicinesmorerationalandsafe.Second,theimportedmedicineinstructionisoneofthefactorstodecidethepharmaceuticalqualitystandardbyitsindication,dosage,precaution,etc.Third,itisoneofthemajorbasisfortheclinicaldecision,whichhasitslegalinfluence.Ifthedoctorsfollowtheinstructionstoprescribemedicines,whenitcomestomedicaldisputes，theycanbefreefromliabilities.13Last,payingmoreattentiontotheimportedmedicineinstructionscanmeettherequirementsoftheclinicalmedication,ensurepatientsadministrationsecurityandreducetheriskofdoctors’practices.3.2Translationofimportedmedicineinstructions3.2.1ImportanceoftranslationAsweallknow,thedoctorscanprescribethepreciseandeffectivemedicationstotheirpatientswiththebetterunderstandingofthemedicineinstructions.Besides,beingawareofsideeffectsofsomekindsofmedicines,doctorsareabletofindoutandpreparetodealwithpatient’sadverseeffectsanddiscomfort.Ontheotherhand,peoplenormallychosetheirmedicationsbasedontheimportedmedicineinstructions,therefore,theimportanceofimportedmedicineinstructionstranslationisconspicuous.Ifthetranslatorscannotunderstandthemedicalterminologiesbecauseoflackingprofessionalmedicalknowledgeortheircareless,itisverydangerousforpeople,whochoosethismedicineandmayincreasethedisputesbetweendoctorsandpatients.3.2.2DifficultiesoftranslationAccordingtoVermeer,thetargettextshouldfunctioninthewaywhereexpectedbythetargettextreceiverinthetargetlanguagecultureandcontext.Thatistosay,thetranslationactionisdeterminedbySkopos,orwecansaythepurpose.AndaccordingtotheSkopos,thestandardoftranslationisadequacyinsteadofequivalence.Asimportedmedicineinstructionsisakindoftypicalinformativewriting,thetranslationfeatureofitshouldmeettherequirementsinthetargetcountryandsociety，whichincludetheconventions,laws,regulationsandsoon.Infact,althoughbothtranslatorsandgovernmenthavemadeeffortsandqualityofthetranslationofimportedmedicineinstructionshavebeenimprovedalotduringthepastseveralyears,therearestillsomedifficultiesoftranslation.Thefirstoneisstandardizationoftranslation.AccordingtoSkopostheorie,thetranslatedinstructionsmustmeettherelatedrequirementsandtheconventionsofmedicalinstructionswritteninChinese.Here，theword“standardization”meansthecorrectchoiceofexpressionsandmostimportantlystickingtotheoriginalwithoutanyomissionoftheimportantinformation.15Thefollowingexamplesarecollectedtomakeacomparisonshowingthedifficultyinthestandardizationoftranslation.Forexample:Sourcetext：DrugName:FishingPillIVDosage:Takewithlukewarmwater.Adulttake4-6pills,childrentake2-3pills.Takethreetimesdaily.(FishingPillIVmanufacturedbyLeeBuanSoaDispensary(FishingBrand)Ltd,Part)Targettext:合肠整胃丸使用方法用量温开水送服，成人每次4-6丸；小儿减半，每日3次。（合肠整胃丸，泰国李万山药厂两合企业生产）IntheoriginalEnglishinstruction,itisclearlystatedthatnomatterthepatientisadultorchild,themedicineshouldbetakenthreetimesdaily,fortheexpression“takethreetimesdaily”isanindependentsentenceandthereadercanidentifythatitisappliedtobothadultsandchildren.ButintheChinesetranslation,thereisasemicolonaftertheexpression“成人每次4-6丸”whichseparatesitwiththefollowingpart“小儿减半，每日三次”,sothereadermaygetconfusedforitseemsthat“每日三次”onlyappliedtochildren.Thesecondoneisreadabilityoftranslation.Readabilitymeansthatatextcanbeeasilyreadandunderstoodwithoutanymisunderstandingorambiguity.Ifthereaderisaprofessionallikeadoctororapharmacist,itisrelativelyeasyforthemtounderstandthetechnicaltermsofmedicineinstructionseventhoughitispoorreadability.Whereasformostregularconsumers,theirknowledgeofmedicinesarequitelimited,soifthereadabilityoftheinstructionsispoor,theremayappearambiguityormisunderstanding,whichmayleadtothemedicationerrors.Hereisanexample:Sourcetext:ANAEMIAAnaemiawithdecreasedhaemoglobinlevelshasbeenobservedinkidneytransplantrecipientsorhaemodialysedpatients,themagnitudeofthedecreasebeinggreaterwheninitialvaluesarehigh.Thiseffectdoesnotappeartobedose-dependentbutappearsrelatedtothemechanismofactionoftheACEinhibitors.Targettext:贫血症在肾脏移植和血液透析的病人，应用ACE克制剂后出现贫血合并血红蛋白下降，并且血红蛋白起始值越高，下降幅度越大。这种作用没有显示剂量依赖症，但显示与ACE克制剂的作用机制有关。Theexpression“Anaemiawithdecreasedhaemoglobinlevelshasbeenobservedinkidneytransplantrecipientsorhaemodialysedpatients”inthesourcetextistranslatedinto“在肾脏移植和血液透析的病人，应用ACE克制剂后出现贫血合并血红蛋白下降”.ActuallytheChineseword“在”isunnecessaryandcanbeomittedormovedafter“病人”,sothetranslationcanbe“肾脏移植和血液透析的病人在应用ACE克制剂后会出现贫血合并血红蛋白下降”or“肾脏移植和血液透析的病人，应用ACE克制剂后会出现贫血合并血红蛋白下降”.IVSkopostheorieAppliedintheTranslationofImportedMedicineInstructionsSkopostheorieisoneofthesophisticatedtranslationapproaches,whichbreaksthroughthetraditiontoinjectnewimpetusintothetranslationworld.Thistheoryemphasisonthetargetreceiverinsteadontheauthor,furthermore,itshowanewcriteriontodecidewhetherthetranslationworkisprofessionalornot.Inaddition,duetoitstwocharacteristics,thetarget-language-orientatedandtarget-culture-orientatedstrategies,itmakesthetargettextmoreacceptableforthelocalcultureandtargetreceiver.Howtodoabettertranslationofimportedmedicineinstructionrequirednotonlymedicalknowledgebutalsoaspecifictranslationskill.Theimportedmedicineinstructionsfacemultipleaudiences,likethepatients,thedoctors,theprofessions,etc.Moreimportantly,nowadayspeoplelovestoreadthemedicineinstructionsbeforetheyputthemedicineintheirmoutheventhoughthedoctorsprescribeit.Peoplewanttoknowandneedtoknowwhatisthismedicine.Anditistheobligationofpharmaceuticalfactorytoletthepublictoknowthetruthofthemedicines.Butowingtotheculturedifferences,itstranslationbecomesahotpotato.Byapplyingskoposintothetranslation,itcanexplicatethetargetcontextmoreclearlyandmoresuitableforthetargetreceiver,whichpromotestheprocessofthetranslationofimportedmedicineinstruction.4.1Applicationoffunctionalistapproach4.1.1LongsentencestranslatedbythestrategyofexplicationIntheimportedmedicineinstructions,therearealotoflongsentencesandsomecomplexsentences.Whenthetranslatorstranslatetheselongsentences,theyshouldunderstandthestructuresofthesentencesclearlyandusethestrategyofexplicationtoexplainthemainmeaningsintheirtranslationtextwhenisinneed.Forexample:Sourcetext:InsertofPerindoprilTabletsUsedinelderlyRenalfunctionandbloodpotassiumshouldbeassessedbeforestartingtreatment(cf.Dosageandadministration).Thestartingdosewillbesubsequentlytitrateddependingonthebloodpressureresponse,afortioriincaseofwaterandsodiumdepletion,inordertoavoidanabruptfallinbloodpressure.(PerindoprilTabletsmanufacturedbyServierPharmaceuticalCompanyLimited)Targettext:培哚普利片阐明书老年用药开始治疗之前，应检查肾功能和血钾（参阅：使用方法用量）。起始剂量应根据血压变化进行调整，在有水钠丢失的病例则更应谨慎，以免引起血压忽然下降。（培哚普利片，法国施雅维制药有限企业生产）Thisisalongandcomplexsentence,however,theexpression“afortioriincaseofwaterandsodiumdepletion”intheEnglishoriginalistranslatedinto“在水钠丢失的病例则更应谨慎”.Thetranslationtextisunclearasitshouldbedirectlyindicatedwhomsothatitcanbeimprovedbythestrategyofexplicationas“如曾有水钠丢失的患者，起始剂量更应谨慎”.4.1.2WordstranslatedbythestrategyofexplicationFirstly,whenpe