RO反渗透系统技术培训

简介：膜/反渗透及其应用

AnINTRODUCTIONTO

MEMEBRANE/REVERSEOSMOSIS

&ITSBESTPRACTICE（交叉流/膜）过滤方法

CrossFlowFiltrationMethods微过滤Microfiltration超滤Ultrafiltration超微过滤

Nanofiltration反渗透ReverseOsmosis范围宏分子Macromolecular分子Molecular次分子Submolecular离子Ionic颗粒大小Particlesize1.0-0.1mm0.1-0.01mm0.01-0.001mm<0.001mm去除Removes固体悬浮物,大的胶体,细菌Bacteria蛋白质Proteins,胶体Colloids,有机物Organics热原(质)Pyrogens,二价离子Divalentions滤过性微生物Virus小的有机物,金属Metals,盐alts分子量MolecularWeight>100,00010,000-100,000200-20,000<300操作压OperatingPressure10psig10-100psig200-250psig200-800psigPretreatmentNeeds预处理需要LowMediumHighHigh投资成本CapitalCostLowMediumHighHigh

膜构造MembraneConfigurations螺旋口SpiralWound中空纤维HollowFiber管状Tubular膜系统MembraneSystem反渗透ReverseOsmosisP1WaterStrongSolutionH2OH2OH2O渗透过程/工艺WaterStrongSolutionH2OH2OH2O反渗透过程/工艺P2术语表GlossaryofTerms

Concentrateorreject浓缩或损失/未渗透

Permeateorproduct渗透或产物Percentrecovery回收率Percentsaltrejection盐损率/抗盐率反渗透基理进水FEEDWATER100gpm600ppmTDS渗透PERMEATE75gpm30ppmTDS5%盐通过SaltPassage75%回收Recovery未渗透REJECT95%盐损SaltRejection25gpm2310ppmTDS25%Reject两步骤RO系统Two-StageROSystem

元件ELEMENTS进水FEED渗透PERMEATE高压泵HIGHPRESSUREPUMPTRAIN#1TRAIN#2容器VESSEL2:1排列ARRAY进水FEEDREJECTREJECT渗透PERMEATE第一步1stSTAGE第二步2ndSTAGEREJECTRO设备TypicalROMachine膜对比MembraneComparisons醋酸纤维素Cellulose

acetate薄膜合成Thinfilm

compositePH范围TypicalpHrange5.0-6.52.0-11.0平均未渗透率Average%rejection95%99%微生物病体MicrobiosusceptibilityYesNo温度限制Temperaturelimit35°C45°C氯承受力ChlorinetoleranceExcellentPoor操作压Typicaloperatingpressure400psig200psig离子通过TypicalPassageofIons*TFCelementratedfora95%NaClrejectionRO的优势

WhatAretheAdvantagesofRO?去除非离子杂质和溶解的固体（如：有机物，无水硅酸，细菌）Removesnonionicimpuritiesanddissolvedsolids(i.e.organics,silica,bacteria)

减少了危险的化学品存储和与离子交换相关的操Reductionofhazardouschemicalstorageandhandlingassociatedwithionexchange

减少了离子交换系统的装载Reducesloadingonionexchangesystems:延长运行周期Extendsrunlengths延长树脂寿命Extendsresinlife降低操作成本ReducesoperatingcostsRO的劣势

WhatAretheDisadvantagesofRO?25%的进水未被渗透25%offeedstreamisrejected渗透的5%TDS对HP锅炉不足5%TDSinpermeateinadequateforHPboilers最终过滤器易被堵塞Ultimatefilterwhichiseasilyfouled: -提高操作成本Increasingoperatingcosts -降低树脂寿命Reducingmembranelife操作成本细分TypicalOperatingCostBreakdown膜更换费MembraneReplacement31%化学药品费用Chemicals17%人工费Labor15%过滤器更换费Filter

Replacement3%其它7%电费27%反渗透膜的问题ROMembraneProblemsFouling污垢微生物，残渣/泥沙，脏物，有机物，金属氧化物Microbio,silt,crud,organics,metaloxidesScaling水锈天然盐Mineralsalts无水硅酸Silica水解和降解HydrolysisorDegradationpH,Temperature,oxidants,biodegradation离子污垢IronFouling微生物污垢MicrobiologicalFouling无水硅酸污垢SilicaFouling矿物水锈MineralScale膜退化/降解

MembraneDegradation

膜问题造成的结果ResultsofMembraneProblems水质降低Reducedwaterquality

运行周期缩短Shorterrunlengths

提早更换膜Prematuremembranereplacement

运行成本提高Higheroperatingcosts

厂商要求TypicalManufacturer’sRequirementsNS-NotSpecified膜的水解因素

HydrolysisFactorsofROMembranes

CAMEMBRANES微生物生长率MicrobiogrowthpresentpHlevels5.0-6.5温度Temperatures<35oCExposedtodirectsunlight

TFCMEMBRANES进水中的氧化剂Oxidantsinfeedwater(i.e.Cl2,Ozone)进水中的游离氯<0.01ppmFreechlorineinfeedwater温度Temperatures<45oCExposedtodirectsunlight各种污垢物质的沉积DepositTendencyofVariousFoulants*假定没有使用防水锈剂、防污垢剂和消毒杀菌剂Assumesnoantiscalant,antifoulantorsanitizerisused性能改善指导方法

PerformanceEnhancementGuidelines污垢FoulantFoulantThreshold处理方法Treatment性能改善PerformanceEnhancement氯Chlorine0.1ppmfreeCl2(TFC)酸性亚硫酸盐Bisulfite0ppmfreeCl2CaCO3LSIindex>0inreject防水锈剂UptoLSIindex=+2.3CaSO4Ca2++SO42->1000ppminreject防水锈剂3x溶解度Upto3xsolubilitylimitBaSO4Ba2+>0.2ppminfeed防水锈剂Upto11xsolubilitylimitFeFe2+>0.1ppminfeed防水锈剂Upto5xsolubilitylimit无水硅酸SilicaSiO2>120ppminreject防水锈剂Upto250ppminreject微生物Microbio进水中细菌棒量Bacterialevel>104

CFU/cm2infeed生物杀灭剂BiocideUpto106CFU/cm2RO系统控制ROSystemMonitoring预处理控制Pretreatmentmonitoring残渣密度（SDI），混浊，pH，氧化剂 SiltDensity(SDI),Turbidity,pH,oxidants温度、压力、TDS Temperature,pressure,TDS污垢物质（细菌、金属、硬度、无水硅酸） Foulants(bacteria,metals,hardness,silica)运行控制Performancemonitoring抗盐率/盐损率Percentsaltrejection正常化渗透流速Normalizedpermeateflowrate压差Differentialpressure进水流速Feedwaterflowrate日常操作和运行参数DailyOperation&PerformanceParameters日期Date操作员名字Operator’sinitials进水SDIFeedwatersiltdensityindex(SDI)进水混浊Feedwaterturbidity进水温度Feedwatertemperature进水温度校正因素Feedwatertemperaturecorrectionfactor进水的pH值FeedwaterpH氧化剂浓度（如:Cl,消毒杀菌剂）Oxidantconcentration(i.e.Cl,sanitizer)进水传导性或TDSFeedwaterconductivityorTDS

渗透水传导性或TDSPermeateconductivityorTDS未渗透水传导性或TDSRejectconductivityorTDS抗盐率(计算的)Percentsaltrejection(calculated)进水(膜)压力Feed(membrane)pressure渗透水压力Permeatepressure未渗透水压力Rejectpressure净压差(计算的)Netdifferentialpressure(calculated)净推动压Netdrivingpressure进水流速Feedwaterflowrate渗透水流速Permeateflowrate未渗透水流速Rejectflowrate正常化渗透流速（计算的）Normalizedpermeateflowrate(calculated)回收率(计算的)Percentrecovery(calculated)关键参数位置LocationofKeyParametersRO膜MEMBRANEPERMEATEREJECT高压泵HIGHPRESSUREPUMP进水FEEDWATERSDI,FeedPressureFeedFlowRate,pH,Conductivity,Turbidity,Temperature,andBiocide(TFCelements)RejectPressureRejectFlowRate,ConductivityPermeateFlowRate,Conductivity,PermeatePressure,andBiocide(CAandTFCelements)控制工具的位置

LocationofKeyMonitoringToolsROUNITS离子交换IONEXCHANGE锅炉BOILERS进水FEEDWATER筒式过滤器CARTRIDGEFILTERS沙过滤器SANDFILTERSORPORP颗粒控制PARTICLEMONITOR残余聚合体测试RESIDUALPOLYMERTESTSDIROUNITS离子交换IONEXCHANGE锅炉BOILERS进水FEEDWATERCARTRIDGEFILTERSCIPSKIDCLEANERS进消毒杀菌剂SANITIZERFEED进氯CHLORINEFEED进聚合体OLYMERFEED进酸性亚硫酸盐BISULFITEFEEDSANDFILTERSACIDFEED进防水锈剂/防垢剂/ANTISCALANT/ANTIFOULANTFEED*SECONDARYPRIMARY*SECONDARY*当进水中离子水平>0.5ppm时推荐第二进水点Secondaryfeedpointsarerecommendedwhenironlevels>0.5ppminfeedPRIMARY第一、第二进水点的位置LocationofPrimaryandSecondaryFeedPoints原始数据比正常化后的数据RawDatavs.NormalizedData趋向数据TrendingData解决RO系统故障

TroubleshootinganROSystem检查预处理控制系统Checkpretreatmentmonitoringsystem检查仪表，校正Checkinstrumentcalibrationforaccuracy隔离RO问题部分IsolatethelocationofproblemROelements寻找性能失误的可能原因 Investigatepossiblecausesofperformanceloss控制运行，保证问题解决 Monitorperformancetoassureproblemisfixed1/4”聚丙烯管TubingRO容器包括6个Elements探视RO容器ProbinganROVessel可采用的服务或工具

Services&ToolsAvailable降低能源,人工和清洁费用降低能源,人工和清洁费用降低能源,人工和清洁费用降低能显示目录,人工和清洁费用服务/工具特点FEATURES带给客户的价值VALUETOCUSTOMER颗粒控制器ParticleMonitor·识别固体悬浮物·相对SDI更易使用··降低膜更换费用ORP·优化亚硫酸盐的使用·查探渗透水中的消毒杀菌剂·降低化学物处理费用·降低IE树脂更换费用水分析WaterAnalysis·识别潜在污垢物质

(Fe,Ba,Ca,bio,有机物质)··降低膜更换费用SacrificialMembrane·识别水锈物和污垢物·使用低成本膜··降低膜更换费用ROTestSkid·评估chemicalprograms·进行pilottrials·降低化学物处理费用·降低/避免资产成本capitalcosts咨询/检测Consulting/Inspections·确认问题起因·识查新机会·降低运行成本·提高生产力,缩短停工期膜剖析MembraneAutopsy·识别水锈物和污垢物(Fe,Ba,Ca,bio,有机物质)··降低膜更换费用污染位置和影响

FoulingLocation&Impact

位置LocationofFoulinginROplants

Fouling

Wheredoesitoccurfirst

Scaling/silica

Lastmembranesinlaststage

Metaloxides

Firstmembranesoffirststage

Colloids

Firstmembranesoffirststage

Organic

Firstmembranesoffirststage

Biofouling(rapid)

Firstmembranesoffirststage

(slow)

Throughoutthewholeinstallation

根据对运行的影响识别污染Identifyingfoulingbyimpactonperformance

Fouling

NormalizedFlux

PressureDrop

SaltPassage

Where

Scaling

¯

­

ÝEnd

Metaloxides

ß

Ý

Ý

Front

Colloids/silica

¯

­

­

Front/End

Organic

¯­

¯

Front

Biofouling

ß

Ý­

Front

使用运行变量

UsingthePerformanceVariables清洁RO系统的时间：TimetocleantheROsystemwhen:降低10-15%的正常化后渗透水的流速（运行的前200个小时后）10-15%decreaseinnormalizedpermeateflowrate(afterfirst200hoursofoperation),or降低1-2%的抗盐率1-2%decreaseinpercentsaltrejection,or提高10-15%的压差10-15%increaseindifferentialpressure正确的清洁维护

ProperCleaningMaintenance正常化渗透水流速NormalizedPermeateFlowrateTime当下降10-15%后清洁Cleaningafter10-15%decline下降10-15%后清洁最优化RO运行性能Cleaningaftera10-15%DeclinemaximizesROperformance正常化渗透水流速NormalizedPermeateFlowrateTime不正确的清洁维护当下降>15%后清洁Cleaningafter>15%decline等太久再清洁,降低RO运行性能WaitingtoolongtocleanreducesROperformanceCleaning-In-Place(CIP)SkidLLPP清洗罐CleaningTank加热器HeaterP压力容器2:1PressureVessels渗透水Permeate浓盐水ConcentrateBrine进水Feed筒式过滤器CartridgeFilter(5or10micron)再流通Recirculation采样Sample最佳膜清洁作法

MembraneCleaningBestPractice一步一步StagebyStage正确的化学品使用方案RightChemicalProgram充足的流速SufficientFlowRate清洁时间CleaningDuration重开始运行时的问题Problemswhenbacktotheservice.维护RO的益处

BenefitsofMaintaininganRO

降低运行成本Reducedoperatingcosts

降低维护费用Reducedmaintenancecosts

缩短停工期Reduceddowntime

延长膜寿命Extendedmembranelife

提高水质和产量Improvedwaterqualityandoutput设计RO系统DesigningaROSystem我需要多少渗透水产量

HowmuchpermeateproductiondoIneed我需要怎样的水质

WhatwaterqualitydoIneed是否对浓水有任何需要

Isthereanyusefortheconcentrate监测控制装

Monitoringandcontrolpackages我需要多少train

HowmanytrainsdoIneed进水温度,变化,热回收如何

Whatisthefeedwatertemperature,variation,heatrecovery进水质量如何

Whatisthefeedwaterquality 预处理Pretreatment过滤Filtration重力/压力 Gravity/pressure多媒/绿砂 Multimedia/Greensand滤筒类型和尺寸 Cartridgetypeandsize微生物MicrobiopH值控制pHcontrol化学品使用Chemicalapplications分析器/自动操作Analyzers/automationORP/氯监控ORP/chlorinemonitors膜处理方案

MembraneTreatmentProgram传统工业用水的管理

ConventionalIndustrialWaterManagementSurfaceWater进水处理FeedWaterTreatment锅炉Boiler澄清器Clarifier冷却塔CoolingTowersProcessDis