版新教材英语人教版选择性必修第二册课件UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSSectionⅣExpandingYourWorld

UNIT

1

SCIENCE

AND

SCIENTISTSSection

Ⅳ

Expanding

Your

WorldⅠ.

单词分层默写1.单词拼写①____________n.霍乱②_______________adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的③______________n.感染；传染④__________n.证据；证明；检验cholerafrustratedinfectionproof⑤______________n.一家人；家庭；同住一所（套）房子的人⑥__________________adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的⑦__________vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责⑧_________n.联系；纽带v.把……连接起来；相关联⑨___________n.把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵⑩_________n.微生物；细菌；病菌⑪_________adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的linkhandlegermpurehouseholdcontradictoryblame⑫_____________n.减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小⑬______________n.pl.统计数字；统计资料；统计学⑭______________vi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费）⑮________adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的rawdecreasestatisticsubscribe⑯__________n.病毒⑰__________adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的n.固体⑱_________v.倒出；倾泻；斟⑲________________adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的⑳__________n.弱点；过错pouroutstandingfaultvirussolid2.拓展单词①___________adj.十分严重的；极为恶劣的；严厉的→_____________adv.严重地；严格地；严厉地②___________v.使感染；传染→______________n.感染；传染③____________vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象→______________adj.有嫌疑的④_________adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→___________adv.纯粹地；仅仅，只不过severeseverelyinfectinfectionsuspectsuspectedpurepurely⑤______________vi.改变；转变vt.使改观;使改变形态→___________________n.转化；改造；转变⑥_____________n.思想；思维；见解→__________v.想→____________n.想法→____________n.思想家⑦____________adj.最初的；开始的；第一的→______________adv.最初，首先⑧___________vt.保卫；防守；辩解→____________n.防御；保卫⑨______________n.助手；助理→___________vt.帮助；协助；援助→_______________n.帮助；协助thoughtthinkerinitialinitiallydefenddefenceassistantassistassistancetransformtransformationthinkingthink⑩___________adj.平稳的；稳步的；稳定的→_____________adv.平稳地；持续地⑪____________n.发现；调查结果;（法律）判决→_________vt.找到;发现⑫_______________n.天文学家→______________n.天文学⑬_______________adj.机械的；发动机的；机器的→_____________n.机械师；机械修理工→____________n.机械装置，机器⑭_____________adj.抽象的；理性的n.（文献等的）摘要→________________n.抽象；提取astronomerastronomymechanicalmechanicmachineabstractabstractionsteadysteadilyfindingfind⑮______________adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的→__________________adv.灿烂地；辉煌地；光亮地⑯___________adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→_________n.礼物；天赋；赠品⑰__________adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→____________adv.清晰地；生动地；强烈地vividvividlybrilliantbrilliantlygiftedgiftⅡ.

短语搭配翻译1.最终地；彻底地_____________________onceandforall2.同意；赞同_________________subscribeto3.幸亏；由于______________thanksto4.水泵_______________waterpump5.照料；照顾______________attendto6.死于……_____________diefrom7.分娩_______________givebirth8.一般来说_______________ingeneral9.查明_____________findout10.由于……___________________asaresultof11.对……有影响______________________haveanimpacton12.努力________________witheffort13.（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发______________breakout16.患（病）；染上（小病）______________comedown17.指出______________pointout18.梦想_____________dreamof19.最重要的是______________aboveall14.主管，掌管_________________inchargeof15.接受挑战__________________________takeonthechallengeⅢ.

教材原句翻译1.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.2.然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。___________________________________________________________________________However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.3.一种看法是空气污染引发疾病。____________________________________________________Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.4.他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.5.斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。________________________________________________________________________________________Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.6.斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。_____________________________________________________Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.7.由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。________________________________________________________________________________________________________Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.8.这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thisoddcombinationofcharacteristicshadmadehimoneofthegreatestthinkersofthe20thand21stcenturies.9.也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。________________________________________________________________________________________________________PerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina’saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.10.他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hereceivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.Ⅳ.

书面表达结合本单元主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。1.在我看来，成就伟大科学家的是他们的科学精神——专心、勤奋、决心等。（make的复合结构）2.多亏了科学精神，伟大的科学家们取得了许多突出的成就。（thanksto;outstanding）3.没有钱学森在导弹和火箭方面全心全意的工作，中国就不会在短时间内成为世界上一个如此强大的国家。4.袁博士研制的杂交水稻大大减少了世界上的饥饿人口。（decrease）5.此外，作为学生，如果我们能把科学精神用于我们的学习中，那么我们一定会实现我们的目标。（furthermore;apply…to…）6.我们不仅要尊重这些伟大的科学家，而且要学习他们的科学精神。（notonly…butalso…）[答案]Inmyopinion,whatmadethemgreatscientistsaretheirscientificspirits-devotion,diligence,determinationandsoon.Thankstothescientificspirits,thegreatscientistshavemademanyoutstandingachievements.Forinstance,withoutQianXuesen’sdevotedworkonmissilesandrockets,Chinawouldn’thavebecomesuchapowerfulcountry/sopowerfulacountryintheworldinashorttime.ThehybridricethatDr.Yuandevelopedhasdecreasedthenumberofthehungrypeoplearoundtheworldgreatly.Furthermore,asstudents,ifwecanapplythescientificspiritstoourstudy,wewillcertainlyachieveourgoals.Notonlyshouldweshowrespectforthegreatscientists,butalsoweshouldlearnthescientificspiritsfromthem.单词的魔性Iwishtowishthewishyouwishtowish,butifyouwishthewishthewitchwishes,Iwon’twishthewishyouwishtowish.对于“wish”这个词，相信很多人都只知道它是“希望”的意思，但其实它还有其他意思。这个句子就是个很好的例子。1.第一个“wish”是动词，意为“希望”。2.“towish”中的“wish”是动词，意为“梦想”。3.“thewish”中的“wish”是动词，意为“梦想”。4.“youwish”中的“wish”是动词，意为“梦想”。5.“towish”中的“wish”是动词，意为“梦想”。6.“youwish”中的“wish”是动词，意为“梦想”。7.“thewish”中的“wish”是名词，意为“梦想”。8.“thewitchwishes”中的“wish”是动词，意为“梦想”。9.“won’twish”中的“wish”是动词，意为“梦想”。10.“thewish”中的“wish”是名词，意为“梦想”。11.“youwish”中的“wish”是动词，意为“梦想”。12.“towish”中的“wish”是动词，意为“梦想”。所以这句话的意思是：我希望梦想着你梦想中的梦想，但是如果你梦想着女巫的梦想，我就不想梦想着你梦想中的梦想。ForrestGump《阿甘正传》1.Lifewaslikeaboxofchocolates.Youneverknowwhatyou’regonnaget.生命就像一盒巧克力，你永远都不知道你会得到什么。2.Ifyouareeverintrouble,don’ttrytobebrave,justrun,justrunaway.你若遇上麻烦，不要逞强，你就跑，远远跑开。3.Idon’tknowifweeachhaveadestiny,orifwe’realljustfloatingaroundaccidentally-likeonabreeze.我不懂我们是否有着各自的命运，还是只是到处随风飘荡。4.Deathisjustapartoflife,somethingwe’realldestinedtodo.死亡是生命的一部分，是我们注定要做的一件事。5.Haveyougivenanythoughttoyourfuture?你有没有为将来打算过呢？Ⅰ.

单句填空1.Theirhelpersare___________（gift）withamazingpowerofpatience.gifted2.Thebloodonhisshoeswasa__________（prove）of3.The_____________（find）ofthecommissionhavenotyetbeenmadepublic.findings4.I’llaskmypersonal______________（assist）todealwiththis.assistant5.Iftheprimary______________（infect）isnottreated,furtheroutbreaksmayoccur.infectionⅡ.

同义替换multiple;comedownwith;transform;aboveall;handle;infect;subscribeto;substantial1.Itisnotpossibletospreadthediseasetoanotherpersonthroughkissing.___________infect2.Howmuchdidyoudonatetothedisasterfund?_________________subscribeto3.Hewentthroughmanydifficulties,whichdidn’tcasthimdown._____________multiple4.Theyoungbosshastheabilitytodealwiththedifficultproblem.___________handle5.Neweconomicdevelopmentpoliciesledtofairlylargeandrapidgrowth.________________substantial6.Shetriedchangingliteratureintobrailleforblindreaders._________________transforming7.Isufferedfromfluandwasunabletogotowork.___________________camedownwith8.Mostofall,youshouldkeepitinmindtobetemperatewheneatinganddrinking.______________AboveallⅢ.

完成句子1.随着他们的兴趣被大大激发，我开始教他们如何泡茶。Withtheirinterestgreatlysparked,Ibegantoteachthem____________________.howtomaketea2.这次会议如此重要，以至于我们每一个人都得出席。Thismeetingis______________________everyoneofusshouldattendit.soimportantthat3.似乎没有人知道公园里发生了什么事。_______________________________whathashappenedinthepark.Itseemsthatnooneknows4.没有什么东西比时间更宝贵。_______________________________________.Nothingismorepreciousthantime5.我看见他把钥匙插进锁孔、转动钥匙，然后打开了门。__________________________intothelock,turnitandopenthedoor.IsawhimputthekeyⅠ.

阅读理解（2020安徽高二上期末联考）JeromeKarleandIsabellaLugoskimetintheirfirstphysicalchemistryclassattheUniversityofMichiganin1940.JeromeKarlewasinhisfirstyearofdoctoralwork,andIsabellaLugoskiwasinherlastyearasanundergraduate（本科生），andtheywerelaboratorypartners.However,theydidn’tgetalongwellatfirst.IsabellaLugoskilookedbackonthepast,“Iwalkedintothephysicalchemistrylaboratoryandtherewasayoungmanatthedesknexttominewithhisequipmentallsetuprunninghisexperiment.Ididn’tthinkIwasverypoliteaboutmyquestion.Iaskedhimhowhegotthereearlyandhadeverythingallsetup.Hedidn’tlikethat.Sowedidn’ttalktoeachotherforawhile.”Theirrelationshipgotgoingastheycompetedforthetopgradeinthatcourseandtheystartedtobuildaconnectionbecausebothofthemwereinterestedinchemistry.Theygotmarriedin1942.By1946,bothoftheKarleshadearneddoctoratesinphysicalchemistry,and,afteraperiodoftimeattheUniversityofChicagoworkingontheManhattanProject,theymovedtoWashingtonD.C.tojointheUnitedStatesNavalResearchLaboratory.EachspecializedinadifferentaspectofX-raycrystallography（晶体学）：Jeromefocusedondevelopingequations（方程式）thatcoulddeterminehowatoms（原子）werearrangedinsidecomplexmolecules,whileIsabellaranpracticalexperimentstotesthowwelltheequationsworked.Workingtogether,theycreatedwhatisnowcalledthedirectmethodfordeterminingmolecularstructures（分子结构），whichhasallowedscientiststoeffectivelystudyandcopycomplexorganicmoleculestocontinuefurtherstudy.

JeromeKarlewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforChemistryin1985.AlthoughhewasdisappointedthattheNobelcommitteehadignoredIsabella’scontributiontothatwork,shewasunfazed.Atthatpoint,shehadalreadywonmoreawardsandprizemoneyforherexperimentalworkthanhehad.1.WhatdidIsabellaLugoskidowhenshefirstmetJeromeKarle?(

)A.Sheblamedhimforhisbeinglate.B.Shesetupallhisequipmentforhim.C.Sheaskedhimaquestionimpolitely.D.Sheobservedhisexperimentsilently.C[解析][语篇解读]本文主要叙述了JeromeKarle和IsabellaLugoski这两位科学家的相关内容。【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段中Ididn’tthinkIwasverypoliteaboutmyquestion.Iaskedhimhowhegotthereearlyandhadeverythingallsetup.（我觉得我的问题不太礼貌。我问他怎么这么早到那儿，并且把一切都安排好了。）可知应选C。2.WhatmadeJeromeKarleandIsabellaLugoskibecomeconnected?(

)A.Theircommoninterestinchemistry.B.Theirwonderfulmarriagein1942.C.Theirfirstpleasanttalkinalaboratory.D.Theirsuccessfulcooperationincourses.A[解析]【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第三段中…theystartedtobuildaconnectionbecausebothofthemwereinterestedinchemistry.（……他们开始建立联系，因为他们两个都对化学感兴趣。）可知应选A。3.WhatisParagraph4mainlyintendedtoshow?(

)A.TheKarles’encouragingfurtherstudy.B.TheKarles’goodteamworkinscience.C.HowtheKarlesworkedwithothers.D.WhytheKarleswontheNobelPrize.B[解析]【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第四段中的Jeromefocusedon…whileIsabellaranpracticalexperiments…Workingtogether…可知，第四段主要展示了夫妇俩在科学上的良好合作。故选B。4.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword“unfazed”inthelastparagraph?(

)A.Generous. B.Touched. C.Shocked. D.Calm.D[解析]【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】画线词所在的主句与从句在意思上是转折关系,由此推断出，尽管Isabella的贡献被忽视了,但是她很平静。故画线词的意思是“平静的,冷静的”。故选D。深度解析词汇积累1.doctoraladj.博士的；博士学位的2.forawhile暂时3.specializevi.专门从事；专攻4.atthatpoint就在那时难句分析原句：Workingtogether,theycreatedwhatisnowcalledthedirectmethodfordeterminingmolecularstructures（分子结构），whichhasallowedscientiststoeffectivelystudyandcopycomplexorganicmoleculestocontinuefurtherstudy.句意：他们一起工作，创造了现在被称为确定分子结构的直接方法，这使科学家能够有效地研究和复制复杂的有机分子，以继续深入研究。分析：这是一个主从复合句。what引导宾语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thedirectmethod。Ⅱ.

完形填空ItwasNewYeartime.Weweretravellinginavan（小型货车）distributingtoystothehomeless.Whenwe1_____thespot,somethingcaughtmyeye.Somethingorsomeonewasmovingintherubbish.SoonI2______thatitwasthehomeofapoorfamily.Thereweretwo3_____,bothaboutmyageatthetime,andaladyIsupposedtobetheirmother.Theysattherehopelessly.AsalittlegirlmyselfIwas4_____interestedinthelittlegirl.How5_____ourliveswere.Shelivedfortheday,6_______throughtherubbishforsomethingtofillherstomach.Iwaswelllookedafterandneverhadtoworryabout7______.Ihadagoodeducationandthusa8_____future.Ilookedatthelittlegirl.Theonly9_____shehadwastheworn-outdressthatshewaswearing.SeeingthislittlegirlImadethedecisiontogiveawayadollthathadbelongedtomeforawhile.Whenthevancametoa

10_____,Isteppedout,calledthegirloverandplacedthedollinherhand.Atfirstshelookedatmewith11_____andwasn’tcertainwhattodo,butthenshesmiledandIsaw12______inhereyes.Iwentbackintothevehicleandwestartedto13_____off,andthat’swhenwerealizedthelittlegirlwasrunning14_____.Westoppedagainandopenedthedoor.Thegirlhad15____withus.Shelookeddirectlyatmeandsaidtwosimplewords“ThankYou”.(

)A.left

B.changed C.Chose

D.approachedD[解析][语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。本文通过一个贫穷小女孩接受礼物的故事告诉人们要懂得感恩。【解题思路】此处指接近（approached）目的地。2.(

)A.guaranteed B.realizedC.decided D.acceptedB[解析]【解题思路】根据空后的“itwasthehomeofapoorfamily”并结合语境可知,“我”很快意识到（realized）那是一户贫困人家的家。3.(

)A.boys

B.children C.drivers

D.adultsB[解析]【解题思路】根据下文中的“bothaboutmyageatthetime…”及第二段的“Asalittlegirlmyself”可知，当时那里有两个和“我”的年龄差不多大的孩子。4.(

)A.still

B.less C.especially

D.probablyC[解析]【解题思路】根据语境可知，作为一个小女孩，“我”尤其（especially）对那个小女孩感兴趣。5.(

)A.similar

B.different C.difficult

D.ordinaryB[解析]【解题思路】根据下文中的“Shelivedfortheday…tofillherstomach”和“Iwaswelllookedafter…a8future.”可知，我们的生活不同（different）。6.(

)A.searching B.gettingC.running

D.breakingA[解析]【解题思路】根据上文中的“Somethingorsomeonewasmovingintherubbish.”可知，当时那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找（searching）东西以填饱自己的肚子。7.(

)A.food

B.safety C.health

D.transportA[解析]【解题思路】根据上文内容可知，那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找食物，而“我”却得到了很好的照顾，从来不用担心食物。8.(

)A.doubtful B.distantC.promising

D.foreseeableC[解析]【解题思路】根据该空前的“Ihadagoodeducation”可知，“我”接受了良好的教育，“我”也有一个有前途的（promising）未来。9.(

)A.present

B.decoration C.requirement D.possessionD[解析]【解题思路】根据上文内容并结合语境可推知，那个小女孩仅有的财产（possession）就是她身上穿的那件破旧的裙子。10.(

)A.station B.stopC.street

D.signalB[解析]【解题思路】根据上文内容可知，“我”决定把自己的玩具娃娃送给那个小女孩，所以当车一停下（stop）来，“我”立刻下车,叫那个小女孩过来,然后将玩具娃娃放在她的手里。11.(

)A.anger B.painC.surprise

D.disappointmentC[解析]【解题思路】根据空后的“andwasn’tcertainwhattodo”和语境可知，那个小女孩刚开始惊讶地看着“我”。12.(

)A.hope B.lonelinessC.anxiety

D.astonishmentA[解析]【解题思路】根据上文内容可知，那个小女孩一家绝望地坐在垃圾旁边，并结合语境可知，“我”将玩具娃娃放在她手里，她对“我”微笑，“我”从小女孩的眼中看到了希望（hope）。13.(

)A.walk

B.get C.lift

D.driveD[解析]【解题思路】根据下文中的“Westoppedagain”可知，“我”回到车上，我们开车（drive）离开，那时我们才意识到，那个小女孩正在后面（behind）追赶我们。14.(

)A.behind

B.away C.out

D.inA[解析]【解题思路】参见上题。15.(

)A.gotalong B.comealongC.caughtup

D.turnedupC[解析]【解题思路】根据上文的“Westoppedagainandopenedthedoor.”可知，小女孩追上了我们。catchupwith表示“追上，赶上”。Ⅲ.

读后续写HeisssuspectedthatachildhadtriedtosendSantaClausaChristmaswishlistbyballoon,somethingheusedtodohimselfwhenhewasakid.Nobodyhadeverreturnedhisletters,buthewonderedwhetherhecouldfindthegirlwhohadsentthisone.Itwouldbedifficult,butHeisshadafewclues.About20milestothesouthwest,wasthecityofNogales,Mexico.Basedontheblowingwind,hewasprettysurethat’swhereitcamefrom.Heissbroughtthenotehometohiswife,whoisfluentinSpanishandhelpedhimtranslatethelist.TheyfoundthatDayamihadaskedforadoll,adollhouse,clothesandartsupplies.HeissthenpostedabouthissearchonFacebook,attachingphotos,hopingsomeofhisfriendsinNogalesmightknowthegirl’sfamily,butwithnosuccess.HeissworriedthattimewasrunningoutbeforeChristmas.OnDecember19,2008,hesentaprivatemessagetoRadioXENY,aradiostationinNogales.Thenextmorning,HeissgotamessagefromRadioXENY:TheyhadlocatedDayami,aneight-year-oldgirlwhoseparentswerekilledinacaraccident.Theywouldarrangeaget-togetherwithDayamiattheradiostation.SotheyboughtjustabouteverythingonDayami’slist.注意：续写词数应为150左右。

ThentheHeissesdrovefor45minutes,crossingtheborderintoNogales.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThentheHeissesdrovefor45minutes,crossingtheborderintoNogales._______________________