湖南省娄底市新化县2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题 【含答案 解析】

第1页/共1页2022年下学期高二期末质量监测试题英语(试卷满分150分考试用时120分钟)注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上;2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;回答非选择题时，请将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatcolorareJulie’sshoes?A.Black.B.Darkblue.C.Brown.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Yourshoeslooknice,Julie!I’vebeenwantingsomeblackshoes.Ionlyhavebrownones.W:Thanks,Bob!Buttheseareactuallydarkblue.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whyisthewomancalling?A.Tobookatable.B.Toborrowsomething.C.Tomakeaninvitation【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:LotusRestaurant.CanIhelpyou?W:Hello.I`dlikeanon-smokingtableforfourtomorrow,ataboutoneo’clock.ThenameisJane.M:OK.I’llcheckitforyou.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howwillthespeakersgettothezoo?A.Bybike.B.Bycar.C.Bybus.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:I’mgoingtothezootoseeelephantstoday.Willyougowithme?Mybikeisoverthere.W:It’sabitfar.Icandrive.M:It’shardtofindparkingthere.Let’stakethebus.W:Soundslikeagoodidea.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Mexicanfood.B.Mexicanmusic.C.Mexicans.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Greatmusic.Iloveit.Whereisitfrom?M:It’sMexican.W:Mexican?Itdoesn’tsoundlikeMexicanmusic.M:Butitis.Mexicanmusicisreallyvaried.LikeMexicanfood.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howmuchdidthespeakersprobablyspendtoday?A.$300.B.$350.C.$400.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Let’sfigureouthowmuchwespenttoday.Er,wepaid$350inall,right?M:No,thatcan’tberight.I’dsayit’slessthanthat.Infact,$50lessthanthat.W:Iguessyouareright.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6Whathasthemanbeendoing?A.Havingaholiday.B.Travelingonbusiness.C.Shoppinginasportsshop.7.Howdoesthemanfeelnow?A.Worried.B.Excited.C.Tired.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】M:Thistrainismovingsoslowly,isn’tit?Ican’twaittogethome.W:Metoo.Haveyouhadaharddayatwork?M:ActuallyI’vebeentravelingallday.AtriptoNewYork.W:Luckyyou!M:well,itwasprettytoughactually.Ihadtomakearrangementsforanewsportsshop.W:Diditallgowell?M:Well,intheendthoughteverythingwasgoingwell.ButI’mjustwornoutnow.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inahotel.B.Inalaundry.C.Inastore.9.Whatwillbesenttothemanlater?A.Asuit.B.Anewspaper.C.Hisbill.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】W:Frontdesk.CanIhelpyou?M:Yes,I’dliketohavemysuitcleanedandpressed.Ihaveanimportantdinermeeting,soI’llneeditby5:00.W:Certainly,sir.Ihavesomeonecomebyyourroominjustafewminutestopickitup.M:Pleaseputthechargesonmybill.Oh,andIdidn’treceivethemorningpaperIaskedfor.Canyouhavesomeonebringthattomelateraswell?W:Noproblem,sir.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whywasthemanontheroofyesterday?A.Hefeltveryhot.B.Hewantedtoputsomethingonit.C.Hetriedtorepairit.11.Howdoesthewomanexaminetheman?A.Byexamininghisthroatandear.B.Bytakinghistemperature.C.Byfeelinghispulse.12.Whatwillthemanmostprobablydonext?A.inbed.B.Buysomemedicine.C.Drinkhotwater.【答案】10.C11.A12.B【解析】【原文】M:Goodmorning,doctor.W:Goodmorning!What’sthetroublewithyou?M:Well,I’vegotthispaininmyear,anachingthroatandmyheadhurts.Well,Iwasupontheroofalldayyesterday,youknow.W:Ontheroof?Whatwereyoudoingthere?M:Well,theroofhadafewproblemsandIwastryingtofixthem.Itwasterriblycold.W:Oh,goon.M:Well,lastnight,IgotthisachingthroatandIstartedgettinghot.Ifeltverybad.W:Right,let’shavealook.Openyourmouthwide,please.M:Aaaaagh.W:Mmm.Let’shavealookatthisear,Mmm.That’sOK.Rightnow,youshouldstayathomeandlieinbedforthreedays.Drinkmorehotwater.Onyourwayhome,getthemedicineatthechemist’s.Takeonepillthreetimesadayaftermeals.You’llbefinesoon.M:Isee.Thankyou.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.WhereisLenafrom?A.India.B.Africa.C.America.14.WhydoesLenahavetowork?A.Herfamilyispoor.B.Herparentsarebusy.C.Shewantstoberich.15.WhattimedoesLenagetupinthemorning?A.At7：00.B.At6：00.C.At5：00.16.WhatisLena’sdream?A.Toownastore.B.Tobeateacher.C.Toearnmoremoney.【答案】13.B14.A15.C16.A【解析】【原文】W:Who’sthegirlinthepicture?M:She’sLena.W:Lenalookslovely.IssheanAmerican?M:No,sheisn’t.She’sfromAfrica.Sheisthirteen.W:Oh,she’sthesameageasme.M:Yesbutshecan’tgotoschoollikeyou.Herfamilyisverypoor,soshehastoworkeverday.W:Sheisonlythirteen,andhastowork?Whatdoesshedothen?M:Shegetsupatfiveo’clockinthemorning.Thenshestartsworkingwithherfatherat6:00.Afterthatsheridesintotownandsellsfruitinstreetsat7:00.W:PoorLena!Ithinkshewantstogotoschoolverymuch.M:Yes,sheoftendreamsofstudyingatschool!Andshe’sgotanotherdream.W:Whatisit?M:Shewantstohaveherownshoponeday!听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Becomingsuccessful. B.Makingmoney. C.Choosingagoodjob.18.HowoldwasAlbertEinsteinwhenhelearnedhowtoread?A.Fouryearsold. B.Sevenyearsold. C.Fiveyearsold.19.Whowastoldthathehadnogoodideas?A.VincentvanGogh. B.ThomasEdison. C.WaltDisney.20.WhatdifficultydidMichaelJordanhavetoovercome?A.Hedidnotgetpaidforhiswork.B.Hewasnotgoodenoughtoplayinhighschool.C.Hecouldnotspeakuntilhewasfour.【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.B【解析】【原文】Everyonehasabilitiesthatmaynotbeeasytosee.Ifyoudonotbelievethis,lookatsomefamouspeoplefromhistory.AlbertEinsteincouldnotspeakuntilhewasfour,andhecouldnotreaduntilhewasseven.Somepeoplemightthinkhewasnotsmart,buthebecameafamousscientist.ThomasEdisonhadtroubleinschool,buthebecameafamousscientist.EvenBeethovenperformedwhenhewasseven,buthedidnotbecomeafamouspianistrightaway.Heplayedwithoutanypayforthreeyears.WaltDisneyusedtoworkforanewspaper.There,hisbosssaidthathehadnogoodideas.ButlaterheopenedthefamousDisneyland.VincentvanGogh,afamouspainter,onlysoldonepaintingwhilehewasalive.Butnow,hisworksellsformillionsofdollars.EvenMichaelJordanwascutfromhishighschoolbasketballteam.HelatercametobeoneoftheNBA’sgreateststars.Allthesepeoplesucceededeventhoughitseemedimpossible.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。BecomingaNatureLoverthroughCitizenScienceCitizenScienceisaneducationseriesfeaturingworkshopsonavarietyoftopicsinarelaxedandinspiringenvironment.Thereisnomonetaryregistrationfee;instead,eachinstructorsuggestsitemsorservicestheywillacceptinexchangeforclassparticipation.Ourvolunteerinstructorspreparebasedonhowmanypeoplesignup,sopleaseonlysignupifyouwillactuallyattend.DateFriday,May4Time8:30am—10:30amClassdescriptionInterestedinstudyingnature,feelingmoreconnectedtoyoursurroundings,helpingthenaturalenvironment,butnotsurewheretostart?JoinusonaPowerPointtourthroughtheinstructor’sfavoritecitizenscienceplatformsthatapplytoourregion.Justthroughbeingobservantonadailywalk,youcansubmitmeaningfuldatatoscientistswhowilluseyourdatatotakemeaningfulconservationsteps!We’llshowyouhow!It’seasy!Suggesteditemsinexchangeforthisclass*Bakedsnacks*Homemadepreservedfoods*Houseplants*Natureart(drawmeapicture?)AbouttheinstructorKelseyFreyisthemanagerofeducationandoutreach(外展服务)forYorkCountyParks,part-timeenvironmentaleducatorforLancasterCountyParks,andrunsherownbusiness,CreativeNatureWorks,inhersparetime.Kelsey’spassionateaboutmanynaturalhistorytopics,includingbutterflies,andlandscapingwithnativeplants.21.Whoaremostlikelytoattendtheclass?A.Artlovers. B.Outdoorfitnesslovers.C.Volunteersfondofcooking D.Localpeopleinterestedinnature.22.Whichofthefollowingcanparticipantsprovideinexchangefortheclass?A.Second-handclothes. B.Homemadetomatosauce.C.Anunusedhoneypot. D.Anewlyboughtnotebook.23.Whatcanwelearnabouttheinstructor?ASheisafull-timeteacher. B.ShemanagesLancasterCountyParks.C.SheisinchargeofCreativeNatureWorks. D.Sheisactivelybusywithcommunitywork.【答案】21.D22.B23.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是CitizenScience这个教育课程。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据Time部分的“Interestedinstudyingnature,feelingmoreconnectedtoyoursurroundings,helpingthenaturalenvironment,butnotsurewheretostart?JoinusonaPowerPointtourthroughtheinstructor’sfavoritecitizenscienceplatformsthatapplytoourregion.(对研究自然感兴趣，感觉与周围的环境更紧密相连，帮助自然环境，但不确定从哪里开始？加入我们的PowerPoint之旅，浏览讲师最喜欢的适用于我们地区的公民科学平台。)”可知，当地对大自然感兴趣的人最有可能来上课。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Suggesteditemsinexchangeforthisclass部分的“Homemadepreservedfoods(自制的保存食物)”可知，参与者可以提供自制番茄酱作为课程的交换，故选B。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据Abouttheinstructor部分的“KelseyFreyisthemanagerofeducationandoutreachforYorkCountyParks,part-timeenvironmentaleducatorforLancasterCountyParks,andrunsherownbusiness,CreativeNatureWorks,inhersparetime.(凯尔西·弗雷是YorkCountyParks的教育和推广经理，LancasterCountyParks的兼职环境教育家，并在业余时间经营着自己的企业——CreativeNatureWorks。)”可知，导师是负责CreativeNatureWorks的。故选C。BGrandparents'DayisawarmholidaythatallowschildrenandadultsanopportunitytoshowtheirappreciationfortheirGrandparents.Grandparents'DayandtheweeksjustbeforeitarethetimewhenchildrenalloverthecountrystartthinkingaboutwhattogettheirGrandmothersandGrandfathersaspresentsforGrandparents'Day.Ofcourse，givingpresentsisjustonewayofcelebratingGrandparents'Day，buthowtogivegiftsrequiresplanning.ChoosingpresentsforGrandparents'Daycanbeaverydifficulttask.BecauseGrandparents'Dayandholidaysofitskindaremeanttohonorsomeofthemostimportantpeopleinourlives，thetaskofchoosingpresentsthatwillbeappropriatecanbechallenging.ItcanbeverydifficulttoevenconsiderthequestionofwhatkindofgiftcouldshowaGrandparenthowmuchwelovethemandcareforthem.

Especiallyforthosechildrenwhodonothavemuchmoney，findingtherightGrandparents'Daypresentattherightpriceisaverydifficulttask.OnesolutiontothedifficultyofwhattobuyasapresentforGrandparents'Dayisnottobuyanythingatall.Ratherthanbuyingamaterialitemthatisalmostsuretobeshortofexpressingthedepthandsincerity(诚心诚意)ofyourfeelingsforyourGrandmotherorGrandfather，consideranotherkindofchoiceentirely.OnewaythatyoucanshowaGrandparentthatyoureallycareistomakethemsomething.AhandmadegiftcangoalongwaytowardsexpressingyourloveonGrandparents'Day.Ofcourse，therearealsoalotmoreotherwaystocelebrateGrandparents'Daythanbyjustgivingpresentstoyourparents.24.WhatdoesGrandparents'Daymeantopeople?A.Itisatimetoexpressloveandappreciationtotheold.B.Itgivesthemachancetogettogether.C.Itmakestheoldthinkoftheirpastexperiences.D.Itgivesthemanopportunitytotaketimeoffwork.25.Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowinggiftscanbestshowyourlovetoyourgrandparents?A.Apairofexpensiveshoes. B.Somedeliciousfood.C.AbigTVset. D.Achairmadebyyourself.26.Whatdifficultycouldpeoplemeetwhenpreparinggiftsfortheold?A.Choosingthepropergifts. B.Sparingtimetomakegifts.C.Nothavingalargeamountofmoney. D.Nothavingenoughtimetoshop.27.Whatwillbediscussedinthefollowingparagraph?A.Howtomakegiftsfortheoldbyyourself.B.Whatisthebestgiftfortheold.C.Someotherwaystoshowyourappreciationtotheold.D.Howtobuypropergiftswithnotenoughmoney.【答案】24.A25.D26.A27.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了祖父母节的意义和准备礼物的方法。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Grandparents'DayisawarmholidaythatallowschildrenandadultsanopportunitytoshowtheirappreciationfortheirGrandparents.（祖父母节是一个温暖的节日，孩子和成年人有机会表达他们对祖父母的感激之情。）”可知，爷爷奶奶节对人们意味着这是一个向老人表达爱和感激的时刻。故选A。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“OnewaythatyoucanshowaGrandparentthatyoureallycareistomakethemsomething.AhandmadegiftcangoalongwaytowardsexpressingyourloveonGrandparents'Day.（让祖父母知道你真的关心他们的一种方法就是给他们做点什么。在祖父母节这天，一份手工制作的礼物对表达你的爱大有帮助。）”可知，根据作者的观点，你做的椅子能最好地表达你对祖父母的爱。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“BecauseGrandparents'Dayandholidaysofitskindaremeanttohonorsomeofthemostimportantpeopleinourlives，thetaskofchoosingpresentsthatwillbeappropriatecanbechallenging.（因为祖父母节和类似的节日是为了向我们生命中最重要的一些人致敬，所以选择合适的礼物的任务可能是具有挑战性的。）”可知，人们在为老人选择合适的礼物时会遇到困难。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ofcourse，therearealsoalotmoreotherwaystocelebrateGrandparents'Daythanbyjustgivingpresentstoyourparents.（当然，除了给祖父母送礼物，还有很多其他的方式来庆祝祖父母节。）”可推断，下一段将讨论其他一些方式来表达你对老人的感激。故选C。CRecently,theorganizersofthe2024ParisOlympicshavesuggestedthatbreakdancingbeincludedin2024,makingitclosertobecominganOlympicsport.Theother3sports—surfing,skateboardingandsportclimbing—allmadedebutsinthe2020TokyoOlympics.Thatistosay,audiencewatchedthesethreesportsasOlympiceventsforthefirsttime.Theorganizersstressedthatfoursportshadbeenchosensincetheywouldreflectthecity’sidentityandhelptaketheOlympicstothestreet.TheyaddedthatthepurposesweretodeliveraGamesthatwasabletokeepupwiththetimesandencouragenewaudienceandattractyoungpeople.Breakdancingisatypicalexamplewhichcanbeplayedwithoutthelimitationsoftimeandplacesinurbanandotherenvironments.AsoneofthesportsattheYoungOlympicGamesinBuenosAiresin2018,breakdancingnowcouldseeitspopularitygreatlyraised.ButtheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)needstoapprovetheFrenchsuggestionbeforeitcanbeformallyaddedtothe2024ParisOlympicssportsprogramme.WithnewIOCrulesfirstintroducedtothe2020TokyoOlympics,HostcitiescanselectsportsandproposethemforinclusioninthoseGamesiftheyarepopularinthatcountryandaddtotheGame’sappeal.AntonioEspinosOrtueta,thepresidentoftheWorldKarateFederationsaid,“Oursporthasgrownrapidlyoverthelastyears.Webelievethatwehavemetalltherequirementsandthatwehavetheperfectconditionstobeaddedtothesportsprogramme.However,wehavelearnedtodaythatwestillhaven’thadthechancetoproveourvalueasanOlympicsport.”28.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“debuts”?A.Announcements. B.Appearances.C.Attractions. D.Advertisements.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutbreakdancing?A.Itattractspeopleofallages.B.ItisthesymbolofParis.C.Itwasperformedin2018PyeongchangWinterOlympics.D.Itcanbeplayedanytimeandanywhere.30.WhatdoesIOCdoinselectingsports?A.Giveusefuladvice. B.Offerenoughsupport.C.Givedetailedexplanations. D.Havethelastword.31.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoAntonioEspinosOrtueta’swords?A.HethoughtiteasyforanewsporttobeincludedinOlympics.B.HethoughtbreakdancingwasfarfromreadytobeanOlympicevent.C.Hecouldn’tbesureofthefinaldecisionofIOC.D.HefounditlikelyforbreakdancingtobeperformedinOlympics.【答案】28.B29.D30.D31.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述巴黎建议把霹雳舞引入2024年奥运会的比赛项目中并解释原因。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Theother3sports—surfing,skateboardingandsportclimbing—allmadedebutsinthe2020TokyoOlympics.Thatistosay,audiencewatchedthesethreesportsasOlympiceventsforthefirsttime.(其他三项运动——冲浪、滑板和攀岩，都在2020年东京奥运会上debuts。也就是说，观众第一次把这三项运动看成是奥运赛事)”可知，冲浪，滑板和攀岩这三项运动首次成为奥运会的比赛项目。故推知debuts与appearance(出现)意义一致，故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Breakdancingisatypicalexamplewhichcanbeplayedwithoutthelimitationsoftimeandplacesinurbanandotherenvironments.(霹雳舞是一个典型的例子，可以在城市和其他环境中不受时间和地点的限制进行)”可知，霹雳舞不受时间和地点的限制，可以在任何时间，任何地点进行，故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“ButtheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)needstoapprovetheFrenchsuggestionbeforeitcanbeformallyaddedtothe2024ParisOlympicssportsprogramme.(但国际奥委会需要批准法国的建议，然后才能将其正式添加到2024年巴黎奥运会体育计划中)”可知，国际奥委会批准后，才能将霹雳舞引入奥运会。故推知国际奥委会有最终决定权，故选D。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Webelievethatwehavemetalltherequirementsandthatwehavetheperfectconditionstobeaddedtothesportsprogramme.However,wehavelearnedtodaythatwestillhaven’thadthechancetoproveourvalueasanOlympicsport.(我们相信我们已经满足了所有要求，并且我们有完美的条件被添加到体育计划中。然而，我们今天了解到，我们仍然没有机会证明我们作为奥林匹克运动的价值)”可知，此处讲述的是AntonioEspinosOrtueta对霹雳舞引入奥运会的期待，他认为霹雳舞可以满足奥运会的所有要求，但是现在还没有成为奥运会的比赛项目。文章并未提及国际奥委会的最后决定。故可知“AntonioEspinosOrtueta还不确定国际奥委会的最后决定是什么”正确，故选C。DStevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers’argument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon’tdispute(质疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.32.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.B.Recyclethewastematerial.C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.33.Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?A.Bansonplasticbags.B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.C.Headachescausedbygarbage.D.Plasticbagshungintrees.34.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?A.Theyarequiteexpensive.B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Plastic,PaperorNeitherB.Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrowAwayD.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl【答案】32.D33.A34.D35.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋尽管容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中oneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.和第二段中plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.可知，塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，为使用塑料袋进行辩护。故选D。【33题详解】词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds意为“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即Bansonplasticbags，故选A。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.可知，生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能源，故选D。【35题详解】主旨大意题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic,PaperorNeither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，要看懂全文的主要内容，明白了主要内容就能准确概括文章标题)。小题4要求概括标题，本文讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic,PaperorNeither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Mostpeoplewanttogethealthierandlookyounger,yettheycan’tseemtofindthetimeforit.___36___However,itdoesrequireasmallamountofcommitmentandabigloveforbeingrefreshed.Herearesometipsforhealthyliving:●Enjoyaglassofwaterfirstthinginthemorning.Ifyouhaven’tgottimeforanythingelseinthemorning,maketimetodrinkabigglassofwater.___37___Torefreshourcells,weneedtosupplythemwithwaterandoxygen.Drinkaglassofwaterandwithinaweekyouwillbegintofeellesstired.●Grabafewfreshfruitsonyourwayout.Whereveryouaregoing—whetheritisawalkordrivetothesupermarketoronyourwaytoameeting—pickuponeortwofruitsandeatthem.Ifyouleaveforworkinthemorninganddon’treturnuntilevening,takeafewfruitsandeatthemthroughouttheday.___38___●Dodeepbreathing.Whenyou’vegottime—atyourdesk,drivingthecar,cookingfood—dosomedeepbreathing.Exchangeofoxygenandcarbondioxideisoneofthebestthingswecandoforourbloodandcells.●___39___Ifyouworkinanoffice,getupevery30minutesandgoforawalk.Ifyouhaveanofficewithstairs,runupanddownthestairseverycoupleofhours.Getyourbloodflowingandyourmusclesmoving.●Eatahandfulofnuts.Getyourfavoriteselectionofnutsbeforeyouleavehomeforworkandhaveabighandfulofthemataround3pm.___40___A.Exerciseonthego.B.Watchoutfortravel.C.It’salwayshardatthebeginning.D.Welosealotofoxygenthroughthenight.E.Actually,healthylivingdoesn’thavetobehard.F.Thishelpstoincreaseafternoonenergyandproductivity.G.Theirnutrients,vitaminsandsugarsarewhatourbodyrequires.【答案】36.E37.D38.G39.A40.F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章对如何变得更健康、看起来更年轻进行了详细说明。【详解】1.前文“Mostpeoplewanttogethealthierandlookyounger,yettheycan’tseemtofindthetimeforit.”（大多数人都想变得更健康，看起来更年轻，然而他们似乎找不到时间去做。）对应选项E中的healthyliving，后文“However,itdoesrequireasmallamountofcommitmentandabigloveforbeingrefreshed.”（然而，它确实需要少量的投入和对变得焕然一新的热爱。）中的it代指选项E中的healthyliving，选项E“Actually,healthylivingdoesn’thavetobehard.”（事实上，健康的生活并不一定很难。）和后文构成转折关系，对应转折词However。所以选项E切合文意。故选E。2.后文“Torefreshourcells,weneedtosupplythemwithwaterandoxygen.”（为了让我们的细胞焕然一新，我们需要给它们提供水和氧气。）对应选项D“Welosealotofoxygenthroughthenight.”（我们在夜间会失去很多氧气。）。所以选项D切合文意。alotofoxygen对应oxygen。故选D。3.选项G中的Their指代前文“Ifyouleaveforworkinthemorninganddon’treturnuntilevening,takeafewfruitsandeatthemthroughouttheday.”（如果你早上去上班，直到晚上才回来，那一整天都吃一些水果。）中的fruits，水果中富含营养、维他命和糖分，对应选项G中的“nutrients,vitaminsandsugars”。所以选项G切合文意。故选G。4.此处位于段落句首，根据其它段落首句的句式，此处应为祈使句，且后文“Ifyouworkinanoffice,getupevery30minutesandgoforawalk.Ifyouhaveanofficewithstairs,runupanddownthestairseverycoupleofhours.Getyourbloodflowingandyourmusclesmoving.”（如果你在办公室工作，每30分钟站起来走走。如果你的办公室有楼梯，那么每隔几个小时就在楼梯上跑上跑下。让你的血液流动，肌肉运动。）表明此处是指在办公室锻炼，对应选项A中的Exercise。所以选项A“Exerciseonthego.”（边走边锻炼）为本段的标题。故选A。5.前文“Getyourfavoriteselectionofnutsbeforeyouleavehomeforworkandhaveabighandfulofthemataround3pm.”（在你离开家去上班之前拿一些你最喜欢的坚果，下午3点左右吃一大把。）对应选项F中的“increaseafternoonenergyandproductivity”（提高下午的精力和效率），选项F中的this指代前文中提及的“下午三点左右吃一大把坚果”。所以选项F（这有助于提高下午的精力和工作效率。）切合文意。故选F。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whenhewasachild,LouZhonghuawantedtobeafirefighter.“Ialwaysfeltthatdrivingafiretrucktoputoutafirewasamazinglyathingtobe____41____of,”saidthe50-year-oldfromYiwu,Zhejiangprovince.Whenhewasoldenough,Lou____42____tojointhefiredepartment,buthisapplicationwas____43____afterhefailedthephysicalexamination.Hewentontoworkasadriverforatransportationcompany,until2003whenhewas____44____asaforestfirefighterinhisvillage.Loupatrolled(巡逻)thewoods，____45____anythingthatmightcauseafire.Hisdevotionandhardworkledtohimbeingappointedaleaderoftheforestfirefightingteamwhenitwasestablishedin2005.Hemovedhisfamilyintothe____46____inordertopatrolmoreeffectivelyandbuiltafarmwithroomswhichwereusedto____47____fireequipment.Heclearedroadsthroughtheforesttogivebettervehicular(车辆的)____48____andevenboughtafiretruckwithhisownmoney.Hiswife,HuangWuzhen,learnedhowtofightfiresaswellandbecametheonly____49____forestfirefighterinYiwu.“It’sa(n)_____50_____job,butIchoosetofightfireswithhimratherthanstayathome_____51_____,”shesaid.Their19-year-oldson,LouJiajun,hasalsofollowedinhisfather’sfootstepsandwillbecomeaprofessionalfirefighterafterbeingacceptedintothefiredepartmentearlierthisyear.InYiwu,wildfiresarecommon,_____52_____inwinterwhentheweatherisdry.OvertheSpringFestivalholidayof2014,Louandhisfamilyexhaustedthemselvesputtingoutfireswithafirehose(水管)aftertraditionalfireextinguishers(灭火器)hadnoeffectatall.“Itwasvery_____53_____forustocarryfireextinguishersupthemountains,”thefathersaid.ThisexperienceconvincedLouZhonghuathatheneededhisownfiretruck,soheusedhisownmoneytobuya400,000yuanfiretruck.“Aslongaswecan_____54_____ourbeautifulhome-landwell,it’sworththe_____55_____.”Lousaid.41.A.proud B.ashamed C.afraid D.serious42.A.continued B.applied C.failed D.needed43.A.adopted B.appreciated C.advocated D.rejected44.A.prohibited B.prepared C.employed D.fired45.A.contributingto B.switchingoff C.combiningwith D.searchingfor46.A.city B.woods C.department D.village47.A.produce B.track C.store D.detect48.A.access B.innovation C.repair D.application49.A.secure B.remarkable C.extraordinary D.female50.A.dangerous B.efficient C.pleasant D.boring51.A.warning B.weeping C.worrying D.hesitating52.A.especially B.potentially C.perhaps D.apparently53.A.available B.impossible C.automatic D.inconvenient54.A.choose B.guard C.affect D.flee55.A.consequence B.acknowledgement C.effort D.memory【答案】41.A42.B43.D44.C45.D46.B47.C