英语新导学人教版必修四讲义unit2periodthree

PeriodThreeLearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage课文预读回归教材萃取文本主旨I.Matchthemainideaofeachparagraph.A.Problemscausedbychemicalfertilizers.B・Farmersandcustomersturntoorganicfarming.Long-termuseofchemicalfertilizerscancausedamagetothelandandpeople'shealth.Othermethodstokeepthesoilfertile.答案：C：A：B：DII.Readthepassageandjudgewhetherthefollowingsentencesaretrue(T)orfalse(F).Organicfarmerspreferusingnaturalwastefromanimalsandchemicalfertilizers.(F)Usingnaturalwastemakesthesoilricherinmineralsandsomorefertile.(T)Usingorganicfarmingmethodsistogrowgoodfoodandtoavoiddamagingtheenvironmentorpeople'shealth.(T)Usingchemicalfertilizershasbecomeverycommoninfarmingoverthepasthalfcentury.(T)Chemicalfertilizersonlykillharmfulbacteriaandpests.(F)III.Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.Thewriterseemstoagreethat.naturalfertilizersarebetterthanchemicalfertilizerschemicalfertilizersarebetterthannaturalfertilizersfarmerspreferchemicalfertilizersbecausetheycanimprovethesoilorganicfarmerschangecropseverytwoorthreeyearsbecausetheywanttoproducemorekindsofcrops答案AHowmanywaysdotheorganicfarmersusetokeeptheirsoilfertile?A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.答案B(l)Becauseofillness,hehasbeenlyinginbedallday.由于生病，他整天都躺在床上。(2)Theyhavebeenbuildingthebridgefortwomonths.两个月来他们一直在建桥。(3)Tom,whohasbeenlearningEnglishformanyyears,isfluentinspokenEnglishnow.汤姆多年来一直学习英语，现在英语口语很流利了。2.Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoihmakingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。(l)makingitreadyforcrops…是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示由前面的事情引起的一种自然而然的结果。(2)动词不定式也可以作结果状语，但多表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面加上only,以加强语气。(l)Hisparentsdiedearly,leavinghimanorphan.他父母早亡，因此他成了孤儿。(2)Asmallplanecrashedintoahillside,killing(kill)allfourpeopleonboard.一架小飞机在山坡上坠毁，机上四人全部遇难。(3)Wehurriedtothestation,onlytobetold(tell)thatthetrainhadleft.我们急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。达标检测当堂检测基础达标演练I.单句语法填空Thescientisthasmadeagreatdiscovery(discover)inthisfield.Pleasetranslatetheunderlined(underline)sentenceintoChinese.Thatcarwentoutofproduction(produce)fiveyearsago.Theaccidentmadeitimpossibleforhimtobe(be)aplayer..Youhavebeensitting(sit)atthecomputerfortwoarest,please.Theyoungmandoessomeexercisetobuilduphisbody..Hersondidn'tfocushisattentiononhisstudy,whichmadeherworried.Itwasthebigmistakethatledtohislosing(lose)hisjob.Tomaketheplantsgrowfaster,farmersputsomechemicalsintotheearth.Suchmaterialswilldodamagetotheplantsandtheanimals.IL完成句子.这个杯子掉在了地上，摔成了碎片。Thecupfellontotheground,breakingintopieces..在过去的5个小时里，村民们一直在寻找那个孩子。Thevillagershavebeensearchingforthechildoverthepastfivehours..我们应当使用新能源，使我们的环境免受污染。Weshouldusenewenergytokeepourenvironmentfreeof/frompollution..止匕外，焦虑和担心会导致疾病。Inaddition,anxietyandwon*ycanleadtosickness..我宁愿出去走走也不愿看那样的电视剧。IwouldrathergooutforawalkthanwatchsuchaTVplay.in.课文短文改错Overthepasthalfcentury,usingchemicalfertilizersbecomeverycommoninfarmerswelcomedthemselvesasagreatwaytostopcropdiseaseandincreased,however,scientistshavebeenfoundthatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand,evenmoredangerous,topeople,shealthy.Withthesediscoveries,somefarmersarebeginningtoturntoorganicfarming,thatissimplyfarmingwithusinganyismanydifferentorganicfarmingofthemhavethesameofgoal：togrowgoodfoodandavoiddamagetheenvironmentorpeople?shealth.答案Overthepasthalfcentury,usingchemicalfertilizers£becomeverycommoninfarmerswelcomedwelcomedwelcomedthemselves

themasagreatwaytostopcropdiseaseandincieased

increasehowever,scientistshavebeenfound

welcomedthemselves

themasagreatwaytostopcropdiseaseandincieased

increasehowever,scientistshavebeenfound

findingthatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand,evenhealth,moredangerous,topeople's'㈤由」health,Withthesediscoveries,somefannersarebeginningtoturntoorganicfarming,thatwhich1Ssimplyfarmingwith.荷面usingany-manydifferentorganicfarmingofthemhavethesameofgoalWiththesediscoveries,somefannersarebeginningtoturntoorganicfarming,thatwhich1Ssimplyfarmingwith.荷面usingany-manydifferentorganicfarmingofthemhavethesameofgoal：togrowgoodfoodandavoiddamage

damagingtheenvironmentorpeople?shealth.课时跟踪练强化训练限时规范答题■基础巩固■I.单词拼写Insummary(总结),don'tmakecommentsonothers,wordsanddeeds.Goodnutrition(营养)isessentialifpatientsaretomakeaquickrecovery.Healthandenvironmentalproblemshaveincreasinglybecomethefocusofattention.Youareaspecialistinthisfield,andwewelcomeyourcomments(评论)onourwork..Iregrettotellyouthatyourbrotherwasfiredbecauseofhiscarelessnessinhiswork.Althoughhiswifeisyoung,shehasmadewonderfulscientificdiscoveries(发现).n.单句语法填空Ifweincreasethefoodproduction(produce)inthefields,wecankeeptheforestandthetreesthere.Thedoctorsaidthatbacterja(bacterium)canenterthebodythrougheventhesmallestcutintheskin.Couldyouexplaintheunderlined(underline)sentenceinthisparagraph?Myfatherskimmed(skim)theheadlinesquicklyandthenreadthearticlesagainmorecarefully.Therobotcanhelpfarmerssavemoneybyreducing(reduce)theuseoffertilizers.rdappreciateitifyoucanmakehelpfulcommentsonmyarticle.Youshouldavoidmentioning(mention)hisdivorce.Whattheprofessorsaidyesterdaygotallofusconfused(confuse).HL选词填空leadto,thanksto,rid...of,keep...freewiththehopeof,buildupWecannotreallylearnanythinguntilweridourselvesofbeingtooproud.Inordertodothisyouhavetobuildupconfidence.Thefarmerstakemeasurestokeeptheircropsfreefromdisease.Thankstotheloveandencouragementofhermother,shefinallyfacedthedisabilitybravely.Toomuchworkandtoolittlerestcanleadtoillness.Everyyearmanypeoplefromthecountrysidechoosetocometobigcitieswiththehopeofmakingtheirlifebetter.■能力提升.I.阅读理解AThecropsweproduceintheUKandaroundtheworldcouldchangewithweatherisanimportantpartinfarmingandchangesintemperaturewillstronglyaffectcropgrowth.FortheUK,temperaturerisesarelikelytomeanthecropsnormallygrowinginthesouthofthecountrywillbeabletobegrownfurtherUNbelievestherewillbeashiftnorthwardsofbetween200and300kilometersforeverydegreeofwarming.ThiswouldbesimilartothesouthofEnglandin2060,havingthekindofweathertheLoireValley,inFrance,experiencesnow.Duetoanincreaseindroughtandheatwaves,thetypesofcropsgrownintheUKwillhavetochange,whichdoesn'thavetobeabadthingforwhichhaven'tbeenfarmedoverherebefore,suchassweetcorn,sunflowers,andmaizeforcereals,couldallprovidenewbusinessforfarmers-certainlyinthesouth-east.However,iffarmingpracticesdochangeinthiscountry,procedureswillhavetobeputinplacebeforehandasintroducingsomethingnewoffarmlandinvolvesalotof，irrigationsystemsmayneedtobeimprovedsorainfromwintercanbestoredforthesummerasitishotter.Researchersarefindingthatpests,suchasaphids,arestartingtohatch（孵化）earlierinthethelast10-15yearsthey'vebeenarrivinginspringtimeandthepopulationofaphidsappearstobegrowingtoo.Aphidsarearealproblemastheycancausesomuchdamagetocropsandifthey'rearrivingearlierintheyeartheycangettheproducewhenit'sveryfragile一causingmoredamagethantheyusedto.语篇解读本文讲述了气温上升造成农作物品种、农业生产种植方式的变化以及因为害虫孵化提前造成农作物大面积受害的事实。Itisquitepossiblethattheauthorcomesfrom.A.theUKB.theUNC.FranceD.Scotland答案A解析细节理解题。从第一段第一句"ThecropsweproduceintheUK…”和第三段第一句可知。Theunderlinedword“This”inParagraph2refersto“”.thekindofweathertheLoireValley,inFrance,experiencesnowB-thekindofweatherthesouthofEnglandin2060willhavetheUN'sbeliefthattherewillbeashiftnorthwardsofbetween200and300kilometersforeverydegreeofwarmingtheUK'stemperaturerisesmeanthecropsgrowinginthesouthwillbeabletobegrownfurthernorth答案D解析代词指代题。This指代上文所讲的“…temperaturerisesarelikelytomeanthecropsnormallygrowinginthesouthofthecountrywillbeabletobegrownfurthernorth.”,古攵选D。Themainideaofthispassageisthat.thecropsraisedinthesouthwillbetransplantedtothenorthin2060B・thetemperatureriseswillbringabouteithergoodorbadeffectstheclimatehasastronginfluenceoncropstheglobalwarmthcausesmorepositiveeffectsthannegativeones答案c解析主旨大意题。从文中所讲的气温上升造成作物品种、生产种植方式的变化以及害虫孵化提前造成作物受害，可知，文章主要讲的是气候对作物有重要影响，故选CcB（2017•广东揭阳惠来一中高一期末）Thereareseveralwaysfromwhichtochooseforyoutokeepyourkidssafeinyourthefirststeptokeepyourchildsafeinyourneighborhoodistoknowyourneighbors.Knowingyourneighborscansaveyoualotofletsyouknowthatthecarthathasjustdrivendownthestreetbelongsto“theyellowhouseonthecorner"，orthetruckthathasjustdrivenbytheplaygroundlooksunfamiliar,buttheguyinthepassengerseatresidestwodoors'sthesesimplethingsthatkeepyoufromgoingoutofyourmindwheneveryouseesomeonedrivingbywherechildrenareplaying.Butyoushouldn'tjustknowwhattheylooknextstepistoknowthemdotheydo?Howdotheyact?YoumightbeOKwiththemdrivingbytheplaygroundsincetheyliveintheneighborhood,butareyouOKwiththembeingontheplayground?Knowingyourneighborssolvesseveralyoufindoutwhatkindofpeopletheyhelpsyouknowifyoushouldletyourchildgooutinanareawheretheyusfaceit：youdonotwantyourchildtoplayaroundpeopleorpeople'schildrenthatcurse（咒骂）orhiteachyouhavetoprotectyourchildagainstyourownneighbors.Knowingthemalsomakesthemknowneighborsisaninterestingmightnotlikethemorhavethesameviewsasthem,butweallusuallyprotectthosethatweconsiderouryouknowyourneighbors,theyknowaremorelikelytolookafterthechildoftheniceladydownthestreetinthebrick（砖）house,thanthepeople,inthehouseonthecorner,whonooneeversees.语篇解读保证孩子在社区的安全的方法很多，但是最为重要的是你要了解邻居的情况。当然了解他们不只是认识他们就足够了，要深入了解他们的职业、性格等。Thispassageismainlytotellus.A.howtokeepyourchildsafeintheneighborhoodB,howtosetagoodexampletoyourneighborshowtogetalongwithyourneighborshowtoteachyourchildtoprotecthimself答案A解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了如何保护孩子在社区的安全——首先要深入了解你的邻居，故选A。Ifsomeoneresidestwodoorsdown,he.studiesatthesameschoolwithyourkidB,oftencomestotheneighborhoodtoofferhelplivesinthesameneighborhoodasyoulikesdrivingthetruckaroundtheneighborhood答案c解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“orthetruckthathasjustdrivenbytheplaygroundlooksunfamiliar,buttheguyinthepassengerseatresidestwodoorsdown”可佚口，这个人住的地方守口你家隔两家，他应该和你住在同一个社区。故选C。Theunderlinedphraseugoingoutofyourmind,,inParagraph2probablymeans.A.becomingveryexcitedB,becomingveryworriedbecomingverydisappointedbecomingveryrelaxed答案B解析词义猜测题。你对进入社区的车或者人是熟悉的，这会使得你无论什么时候看见有人开车经过孩子们玩的地方都不会担心害怕。故选Bo.Fromthethirdparagraphwecanknowthat.A.itisimportantforyoutobepolitetoyourneighbors・peopleinthesameneighborhoodarequitedifferentpeoplelikeenjoyingthemselvesontheplaygroundknowingyourneighborshelpstokeepyourkidssafe答案D角窣析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Knowingyourneighborssolvesseveral...Sometimesyouhavetoprotectyourchildagainstyourownneighbors.”可以推断出，熟悉邻居对保护孩子的安全很有帮助。故选D。II.七选五（2018•湖南衡阳八中高一期末）HowtoMakeSmallTalkThere'snothingsmallaboutsmallgreatfriendshipsandrelationshipshavestartedwithsmalltalkhelpsyoubuildameaningfulrelationshipwithaperson.1Ifyouwanttoknowhowtomastersmalltalk,justfollowthesesteps.2Ifyouwanttomakeapersonfeelcomfortable,thebestthingtodoishavean“openattitudenanddirectyourbodytowardthatpersonwithoutbeingtoomakeeyecontact,don'tcrossyourarms,andfaceyourshoulderstowardthatwillmakethepersonfeellikeyou'regivinghimallofyourattention.Putawayyour'snothingmoreannoyingthantalkingtoapersonwhoisconstantlycheckinghiscellphone.Thoughyoushouldlookeagertotalktotheperson,don'tlooktoo'tlean（倚靠）soclosethatyouscarehimaway.3Giveafriendlyyou'reseeingsomeoneyoualreadyknow,justsayhelloandgreethim/herbyhis/hername,“Hi,Jen,it'sgoodtoseeyou."4Ifyoudon'tknowtheperson,introduceyourselffirstsoyoufeelmoreconfidentandincontroloftheconversation.5Justasimple“Iloveyourshoes-wheredidyougetthem?”cangetyouintoafunconversationaboutshoeifthepraise（称赞）doesn'tleadanywhere,itwillstillmakethepersonfeelmoreappreciatedbeforeyoustartdiscussingothersubjects.A.Havefriendlybodylanguage.B・Startwithasmallcompliment.Focusyourattentionontheirshoes.Manypeopleareturnedoffbyaclose-talker.Italsobenefitsyouintheprofessionalworld.Youwillfeeluncomfortablewhenclosetoothers.Thisissimpleanddirectandletsthepersonknowyou,reexcitedtotalk.答案HL微写作【写作素材】（关于农业生产）.在这个地区饥饿曾是个令人困扰的问题，导致了很多人死亡。.在过去的十年里，多亏了政府的帮助，农民们在与沙漠扩大化的斗争中取得了成功。.农民们具备了新的农耕技术，谷物和其他粮食的产量都大大增加了。.人们满足于他们目前的生活。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。【补全短文】Hunger>whichusedtobea2.disturbingprobleminthisarea,3Jedtoalotofthepast4.decade,5.thankstothegovernmentJshelp,farmershavesucceededinthe6.struggleagainstthe7.expandingfarmersare8.equippedwithnewfarmingmethods,the9.outputof10.grainandother11,cropshasgreatly12.aresatisfiedwiththeirpresentlife.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?Allfarmingisorganicfarming.Usingnaturalwastefromanimalscanhelpreducediseaseincropsandhelpthemgrowstrongandhealthy.Farmersoftengrowthesamecropsyearafterthisway,theycanhaveagoodharvest.Someorganicfarmerspreferplantinggrassbetweencropstomakefulluseofthefield.答案Bsothatthesoilmaynotgetexhausted.A・FarmersgrowthesamecropsyearafteryearB・FarmersusenaturalfertilizersFarmerschangecropseverytwoorthreeyearsFarmersusechemicalfertilizers答案C自主学习落实基础知识一、词汇过关基础词汇.regret”.遗憾;惋惜；儿遗憾；懊悔bacterian.细菌nutritionn.营养；滋养；食物focusn.焦点；中心点；”.集中；聚焦soiln.土壤reduce”.减少;减缩rootn.根；根源skim".浏览;略读underline”画底线标出;强调commentn.评论；议论；式.&”,表达意见；作出评论拓展词汇1.confuse”.使迷惑；使为难fconfusingq力.令人迷惑的fconfused.感到迷惑的fconfusionn.迷惑chemical化学的；关于化学的chemistry6化学mineraln.矿物；矿石fmine几.矿；矿山productionn.生产；制造fproduce生产；制造fproducer生产者；制片人discoveryn.发现；发觉一discover.发现—discoverer〃・发现者summaryn.总结；摘要；概要fsummarize总结；概括联想归纳1.构词法［规则］discover.发现）上*discovery（几发现）［联想］（1Recovery康复；恢复（2）delivery递送（3）treaty条约（4）robbery抢劫；盗窃on集中（注意力）于［联想］（1Concentrateon专心于（2）beabsorbedin全神贯注于（3）beburiedin致力于；全神贯注于（4）belostin沉溺于（5）becenteredon全神贯注于二、短语互译汉译英1.buildup逐渐增强；建立；开发eadto导致；造成（后果）.focuson集中（注意力、精力）于.keep…freefrom/of使……免受（影响、伤害等）；使……不含（有害物）英译汉damageto给造成损害off将……洗掉addition另外to转向；向求助fewyears每（隔）几年doingsth.避免做某事三、重点句式教材原句，however,scientistshavebeenHndingthatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand,evenmoredangerous,topeople'shealth.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。分析解读havebeenfinding为现在完成进行时。仿写运用Ihavebeenwritinglettersallthismorning.一整个上午我都在写信。教材原句addition,fruit,vegetablesandotherfoodgrownwithchemicalfertilizersusuallygrowtoofasttobefullofmuchnutrition.另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。分析解读too…to…太而不能。仿写运用Heistoonervoustoeatanythingbeforeeveryexam.每次考前他都紧张得吃不下东西。教材原句suchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil,makingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。分析解读句中making…为现在分词短语作结果状语。仿写运用Thestormleft,causinggreatdamagetothisarea.暴风雨结束了，给这个地区造成了巨大损害。探究重点互动撞击思维互动探究重点词汇探究重点互动撞击思维Itisimportanttoexplainthisagainorwewillconfusethestudents.再次对此作出解释是很重要的，否则我们会让学生感到迷惑。(l)confuse”.使迷惑；使为难confuseAwithB把A与B混淆(2)confusedadj.(感到)困惑的be/getconfusedabout/with...对感至U困惑⑶confusingadj,令人困惑的(l)Theoldmanisalwaysconfusingtheboywithhistwinbrother.这个老人总是把这个男孩和他的双胞胎弟弟弄混。(2)1readthepoemagainandwasconfused.我又把诗读了一遍，感到很困惑。(3)Whatyousaidatthemeetingwasreallyconfusing(confuse).你在会上说的话确实让人迷惑。［单句改错］(4)Fromher(4)Fromher(4)Fromherconfusing

confusedlook,(4)Fromherconfusing

confusedlook,Icouldtellthatshecouldn'tunderstandthesentence.regret。，.遗憾;惋惜；〃.遗憾;懊悔regretdoing/havingdonesth.后悔做了某事regrettodosth.遗憾将要做某事(不定式中的动词常为tell,say,inform等)toone'sregret令某人感到遗憾的是withregret遗憾地(l)Weregretthatweareunabletoreconsideryourcase.无法重新考虑你的情况，我们很遗憾。(2)Infact,Johnregrettednotattecding/nothavingattendedlastweek'slecture.事实上，约翰后悔没参加上周的讲座。(3)1regrettedtotell(tell)youthatyouhadn,tpassedthedrivingtest.我很遗憾地告诉你你没有通过驾驶考试。(4)Muchtomyregret,Iamunabletoacceptyourkindinvitation.我不能接受你的盛情邀请，深感抱歉。(5)Hetoldmewithregretthathecouldnotcometotheparty.他遗憾地告诉我，他不能来参加派对了。Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。(l)leadto引起,导致leadsb.tosp.把某人带到某地leadsb.todosth.使某人去做某事leadtosb./sb/sdoingsth.导致某人做某事leada(n)...life过着的生活(2)leadto中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词；to为介词的短语还有:get/beusedto习惯于bedevotedto/devote…to…致力于；忠诚于admitto承认getdownto着手做lookforwardto盼望payattentionto注意(l)Studyingbabies?playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.研究婴儿的玩耍或许能更好地理解科学。(2)Whatledyoutotakeupactingasacareer?是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？(3)Whowasitthatledthelittleboytothatvillage?到底是谁领着小男孩去了那个村子？(4)Shepreferstoleadahappylifeathomeratherthanbeacareerwoman.她喜欢在家过幸福的生活，而不愿意做一个职业女性。［单句改错］(5)Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief(5)Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief(5)ThediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethiefAbeing(5)ThediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethiefAbeingcaught.Withthesediscoveries,somefarmersandmanycustomersarebeginningtoturntoorganicfarming.由于这些发现，一些农民和许多消费者开始转向有机耕作。turnto转向；求助于；翻至4（书的某页）turndown拒绝；调小turnon/off/丁开/关上turnout证明是，结果是turnup出现，到场，露面；开大(l)Heoftenturnstothepolicewhenintrouble.有困难时他经常向警察求助。(2)Onceheturnedupthirtyminuteslateforameeting.曾经有一次他到达会议时迟到了30分钟。(3)Theirtalkturnedtothechangethathadtakenplaceinthecity.他们的话题转到城市发生的变化上。(4)Thebabyisyouturndownthemusic?宝宝在睡觉。你可以把音乐调小点吗？(5)Thepartyturnedouttobeverysuccessful.结果晚会非常成功。Theyfocus