新教材2021-2022学年译林版英语必修第三册课时作业uNIT2Naturaldisasters6Word版含解析

课时分层作业(六)Ⅰ.阅读理解ATheUSgovernmenthasrecentlyhelpedpeoplelearnmoreaboutthedangersofearthquakesbypublishingamap.Thismapshowsthechancesofanearthquakeineachpartofthecountry.Theareasofthemapwhereearthquakesaremostlikelytooccurarecalledearthquakebelts.Thegovernmentisspendingagreatdealofmoneyandisworkinghardtohelptodiscovertheanswerstothesetwoquestions：Canwepredictearthquakes?Canwecontrolearthquakes?Toanswerthefirstquestion，scientistsarelookingverycloselyatthemostactivefault(断层)systemsinthecountry，suchastheSanAndreasfaultinCalifornia.Afaultisabreakbetweentwosectionsoftheearth'ssurface.Thesebreaksbetweensectionsaretheplaceswhereearthquakesoccur.Scientistslookatthefaultsforchangeswhichmightshowthatanearthquakewasabouttooccur.Butitwillprobablybemanyyearsbeforewecanpredictearthquakescorrectly.Andthecontrolofearthquakesisevenfartheraway.However，therehavebeensomeinterestingdevelopmentsinthefieldofcontrollingearthquakes.ThemostinterestingdevelopmentconcernstheRockyMountainArsenalearthquakes.Herewaterwasputintoalayerofrocks4，000metresbelowthesurfaceoftheground.Shortlyafterthisinjection(注射)ofwater，therewasasmallnumberofearthquakes.Scientistshavedecidedthatthewaterwhichwasinjectedintotherocksworkedlikeoiloneachother.Whenthewater“oiled”thefault，thefaultbecameslipperyandtheenergyofanearthquakewasgivenout.Scientistsarestillexperimentingatthesiteoftheseearthquakes.Theyhaverealizedthatthereisaconnectionbetweentheinjectionofthewaterandtheearthquakeactivity.Theyhavesuggestedthatitmightbepossibletousethisknowledgetopreventverybig，dangerousearthquakes，thatis，scientistscouldinjectsomekindoffluidlikewaterintofaultsandchangeonebigearthquakeintoanumberofsmall，harmlessearthquakes.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。为了提高人们对地震的防范意识，美国政府加大了在防震、预测方面的投入，他们甚至在努力采取措施控制地震的发生。1．Earthquakesbeltsare________．A．mapsthatshowwhereearthquakesarelikelytooccurB．zoneswithahighprobabilityofearthquakesC．breaksbetweentwosectionsoftheearth'ssurfaceD．thetwolayersofearthalongafaultB[细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句可知，地震多发地带被称为earthquakebelts。]2．TheSanAndreasfaultis________．A．anactivefaultsystemB．aplacewhereearthquakeshavebeenpredictedcorrectlyC．aplacewhereearthquakeshavebeencontrolledD．atthefootoftheRockyMountainA[细节理解题。根据第二段可知，该地区为地震比较活跃的地区。]3．WhatdidscientistslearnaboutearthquakesattheRockyMountainArsenal?A．Theyoccuratabout4，000metresbelowgroundlevel.B．Theinjectionofwaterintoearthquakefaultspreventsearthquakesfromoccurring.C．Theyareusuallycausedbytheoilinthefaults.D．Harmfulearthquakescouldbepreventedbycausingharmlessearthquakes.D[细节理解题。根据最后一段尾句可知选D。]4．WhatcanbesaidabouttheexperimentsattheRockyMountainArsenal?A．Theyhavenopracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.B．Theymayhavepracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.C．Theyarecertaintohavepracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.D．Nothingistoldabouttheirpracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.B[推理判断题。根据科学家的试验，通过向断裂带注水可以引发小地震，从而使地震的能量得到释放，因此也就降低了大地震爆发的可能。]BEveryyearthousandsoftouristsvisitPompeii，Italy.TheyseethesightsthatPompeiiisfamousfor，suchasitsstadium，theatres，shopsandrestaurants.Thetouristsdonot，however，seePompeii'speople.TheydonotseethembecausePompeiihasnopeople.NoonehaslivedinPompeiiforalmost2，000years.Once，Pompeiiwasabusycityof22，000people.ItlayatthefootofMountVesuvius，agrass­coveredvolcano.MountVesuviushadnoteruptedforcenturies，sothepeopleofPompeiifeltsafe.Buttheywerenot.InAugustofAD79，MountVesuviuserupted.Theentiretopofthemountainexploded，andahugeblackcloudroseintotheair.SoonstonesandhotvolcanicashbegantofallonPompeii.Whentheeruptionendedtwodayslater，Pompeiiwasburiedunder20feetofstonesandashes.Almostallofitspeopleweredead.Forcenturies，Pompeiilayburiedunderstonesandashes.Then，intheyear1861，anItalianscientistnamedGinseppebegantouncoverPompeii.Slowlyandcarefully，Ginseppeandhismendug.ThecitylookedalmostthesameasithadlookedinAD79.Therewerestreetsandfountains，housesandshops.Therewasastadiumwith20，000seats.Perhapsthemostimportantofallisthattherewereeverydayobjects，whichtellusagreatdealaboutthepeoplewholivedinPompeii.Manyglassesandjarshadsomedarkbluecolourinthebottom，soweknowthatthepeopleofPompeiilikedwine.Theylikedbread，too；metalbreadpanswereineverybakery，andinonebakerytherewere81round，flatloavesofbread—atypeofbreadthatisstillsoldinItalytoday.Tinyboxesfilledwithadark，shinypowdertoldusthatwomenliketoweareye­make­up.Ginseppehasdied，buthisworkcontinues.Onefourthhasnotbeenuncoveredyet.Scientistsarestilldigging，stillmakingdiscoveriesthatdrawtouriststoPompeii.【语篇解读】本文记叙了位于意大利维苏威火山山脚的古城庞贝在公元79年被火山灰掩埋以及1861年被发掘后，古城人文景观重现于世的故事。5．WhydolargenumbersofpeoplecometoPompeiieachyear?A．Tovisitthevolcano.B．ToseehowPompeianslived.C．Towatchsportsandplays.D．Toshopandeatthere.B[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“TheyseethesightsthatPompeiiisfamousfor，suchasitsstadium，theatres，shopsandrestaurants.”可知，游客来到庞贝古城是为了看过去的庞贝人是如何生活的，因为庞贝城被火山灰掩埋而保持了原有的一切风貌。故选B。]6．WhyhadsomanyPompeiansremainedbyMountVesuvius?A．Thecitynearbyofferedallkindsoffun.B．TheareaproducedthefinestwineinItaly.C．Fewpeopleexpectedthevolcanotoeruptagain.D．Themountainwasbeautifulandcoveredwithgrass.C[细节理解题。根据第二段最后三句“ItlayatthefootofMountVesuvius...Buttheywerenot.”可知，这座火山很长时间处于休眠状态，人们没料到它还会喷发。故选C。]7．WhydidthecityuncoveredlookalmostthesameasithadlookedinAD79?A．BecauseGinseppeandhismendugitslowlyandcarefully.B．Becausescientistssuccessfullyrebuiltthecitywitheverydayobjects.C．Becausethecitywasburiedaliveandremaineduntouched.D．Becausenobodyhadlivedinthecityeversincethevolcanoerupted.C[推理判断题。由第二段的内容以及第三段的最后两句“Whentheeruptionendedtwodayslater...weredead.”可知，由于火山突然喷发，人们在毫无准备的情况下就被埋葬了，几个世纪以来都没有被破坏，所以保留了当时的全部的情景。故选C。]8．WhatdoweknowaboutthePompeianswholived2，000yearsago?A．Theylikedwomenwearingallkindsofmake­ups.B．TheylivedmoreorlessthesameasItaliansnowdo.C．Theyenjoyedalazylifewithdrinkingandeating.D．TheywentbacktoPompeiiaftertheeruptioninAD79.B[细节理解题。根据文章第四段的内容可知，古代的庞贝人的生活习惯和现代人差不多一样。故选B。]Ⅱ.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Onefinesummermorning，mymasterMr.Earnshawcamedownthestairs，dressedforajourney；heturnedtohischildrenandme—forIsateatingmyporridgewiththem，andsaid，“Now，I'mgoingtoLiverpooltoday.WhatpresentsshallIbringyou?Youmaychoosewhatyoulike；onlysmallthings，forIshallwalkthereandback，thatisalongtime！”Hindleynamedaviolin.Cathycouldrideanyhorseinthestable，soshechoseawhip(鞭子)．Hedidnotforgetme，forhehadakindheart，thoughhewasratherserioussometimes.Hepromisedtobringmeapocketfulofapplesandpears.Thenhesetoff.Thethreedaysofhisabsenceseemedalongwhiletousall.Mrs.Earnshawexpectedhimbysuppertimeonthethirdevening.Sheputoffthemealhourafterhour.Therewerenosignsofhiscoming，however.Abouteleveno'clockthedooropenedandinsteppedMr.Earnshaw.Hethrewhimselfintoachair，forhewasnearlykilled.Hewouldneveragainhaveanothersuchwalkforwhateverreasons.Openinghisgreatcoat，whichheusedtowrap(裹)something，hesaid，“Seehere，honey.Iwasneversotiredliketodayinmylife.Butyoumusttakeitasagiftforus.”Wecrowdedroundhim.AndoverMissCathy'shead，Ihadalookatadirty，ragged，black­hairedchild—bigenoughbothtowalkandtalk.Yet，whenhewassetonhisfeet，hejuststaredaroundandrepeatedwhatnobodycouldunderstand.IwasfrightenedandMrs.Earnshawwasreadytothrowhimoutofdoors.Shedidgetangry，askingwhyhehadbroughtthatGypsy(吉卜赛人)childintothehousewhentheyhadtheirownkidstofeedandlookafter.注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。Mr.Earnshawtriedtoexplainthematterthoughhewasreallyhalfdeadwithtiredness.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Well，finallyMrs.Earnshawcalmeddown.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】Mr.Earnshawtriedtoexplainthematterthoughhewasreallyhalfdeadwithtiredness.ThoughMrs.Earnshawwasangry，allthathecouldmakeoutwasastoryofhisseeingthechildstarving，andhomelessinthestreetofLiverpoolwherehepickedhimupandinquiredhimabouthisparents.Butobviouslytherewerenosignsofhisparents'coming.Hesaidthatasbothhismoneyandtimewerelimited，hehadbettertakethechildhomewithhimatonce.Anywayhewasdeterminednottoleavehimashefoundhim.Well，finallyMrs.Earnshawcalmeddown.AndMr.Earnshawtoldhertowashthechild，givehimcleanclothes，andlethimsleepwiththechildren.HindleyandCathywerestandingbysilentlytolookandlistentillpeacewasrestored.Thenbothofthembegansearchingtheirfather'spocketsforthepresentshehadpromisedthem.Buttheyfoundnothing.Whenlearningthattheirfatherwassobusyattendingtothekidthatheforgottobuypresents，theyforgavehim.【导读】《哈利·波特》是英国作家J·K.罗琳(J.K.Rowling)于1997－2007年所著的魔幻文学系列小说，共7部。其中前六部以霍格沃茨魔法学校为主要舞台，描写的是主人公——年轻的巫师学生哈利·波特在霍格沃茨前后六年的学习生活和冒险故事；第七部描写的是哈利·波特在第二次魔法界大战中在外寻找魂器并消灭伏地魔的故事。HarryPotter(Excerpt)Mr.andMrs.Dursley,ofnumberfour,PrivetDrive,wereproudtosaythattheywereperfectlynormal,thankyouverymuch.Theywerethelastpeopleyou'dexpecttobeinvolvedinanythingstrangeormysterious,becausetheyjustdidn'tholdwithsuchnonsense.Mr.DursleywasthedirectorofafirmcalledGrunnings，whichmadedrills.Hewasabig,beefymanwithhardlyanyneck，althoughhedidhaveaverylargemustache.Mrs.Dursleywasthinandblondeandhadnearlytwicetheusualamountofneck,whichcameinveryusefulasshespentsomuchofhertimecraningovergardenfences,spyingontheneighbors.TheDursleyshadasmallsoncalledDudleyandintheiropiniontherewasnofinerboyanywhere.TheDursleyshadeverythingtheywanted,buttheyalsohadasecret,andtheirgreatestfearwasthatsomebodywoulddiscoverit.Theydidn'tthinktheycouldbearitifanyonefoundoutaboutthePotters.Mrs.PotterwasMrs.Dursley'ssister,buttheyhadn'tme