机电专业英语第2版3Unit3MachineTools机床

MachineToolsUnit3机床MachineTools

ThemillingmachineThelatheThegrindershaperMachineToolsTranslationReadingMoreTranslatingSkillsText

Mostofthemechanicaloperationsarecommonlyperformedonfivebasicmachinetools：•Thedrillpress;•Thelathe;•Theshaperorplaner;•Themillingmachine;•Thegrinder.

DrillingDrillingisperformedwitharotatingtoolcalledadrill.Mostdrillinginmetalisdonewithatwistdrill.Themachineusedfordrillingiscalledadrillpress.Operations,suchasreamingandtapping,arealsoclassifiedasdrilling.Reamingconsistsofremovingasmallamountofmetalfromaholealreadydrilled.Tappingistheprocessofcuttingathreadinsideaholesothatacapscreworboltmaybethreadedintoit.

TurningandBoringThelatheiscommonlycalledthefatheroftheentiremachinetoolfamily.Forturningoperations,thelatheusesasingle-pointcuttingtool,whichremovesmetalasittravelspasttherevolvingworkpiece.Turningoperationsarerequiredtomakemanydifferentcylindricalshapes,suchasaxes,gearblanks,pulleys,andthreadedshafts.Boringoperationsareperformedtoenlarge,finish,andaccuratelylocateholes.

Milling

Millingremovesmetalwitharevolving,multiplecuttingedgetoolscalledmillingcutter.Millingcuttersaremadeinmanystylesandsizes.Somehaveasfewastwocuttingedgesandothershave30ormore.Millingcanproduceflatorangledsurfaces,grooves,slots,gearteeth,andotherprofiles,dependingontheshapeofthecuttersbeingused.

ShapingandPlaningShapingandplaningproduceflatsurfaceswithasingle-pointcuttingtool.Inshaping,thecuttingtoolonashaperreciprocatesormovesbackandforthwhiletheworkisfedautomaticallytowardsthetool.Inplaning,theworkpieceisattachedtoaworktablethatreciprocatespastthecuttingtool.Thecuttingtoolisautomaticallyfedintotheworkpieceasmallamountoneachstroke.

GrindingGrindingmakesuseofabrasiveparticlestodothecutting.Grindingoperationsmaybeclassifiedasprecisionornonprecision,dependingonthepurpose.Precisiongrindingisconcernedwithgrindingtoclosetolerancesandverysmoothfinish.Nonprecisiongrindinginvolvestheremovalofmetalwhereaccuracyisnotimportant.drill[dril]n.钻床，钻头，训练vi.钻孔，训练vt.钻孔，训练lathe[leið]n.车床，机床vt.用车床加工shaper['ʃeipə]n.牛头刨床，造型者，整形器，造型者planer['pleinə]n.龙门刨床，刨床，刨工milling['miliŋ]n.磨，制粉，【机械学】铣削v.碾磨，磨成粉grinder['ɡraində]n.磨床，研磨机，砂轮(机)twist[twist]n.扭曲vt.捻，拧，扭伤vi.扭动，弯曲ream[ri:m]vt.铰孔n.令（纸张的计数单位），大量tap[tæp]vt.轻敲,轻拍，攻丝vi.轻拍，轻击n.水龙头screw[skru:]vt.旋，拧n.螺旋，螺丝钉vi.转动，拧bolt[bəult]n.螺栓，门闩vt.上门闩vi.逃跑adv.突然地threaded[θ'redid]adj.有线状图案装饰的v.穿过，穿线于cylindrical[si'lindrikəl]adj.圆柱形的，圆柱体的，圆柱的pulley['puli]n.滑轮，皮带轮vt.用滑轮升起shaft[ʃɑ:ft;ʃæft]n.轴，杆状物vt.利用，在……上装杆boring['bɔ:riŋ]n.钻孔，镗削vt.钻(孔)，镗(孔)adj.无聊的groove[ɡru:v]n.槽vt.开槽于vi.形成沟槽slot[slɔt]狭缝，槽沟vt.在…上开狭缝vi.被放入狭孔reciprocate[ri'siprəkeit]vt.报答，互给vi.往复运动，酬答stroke[strəuk]n.冲程，打击；尝试vt.抚摸，划掉vi.敲击键盘abrasive[ə'breisiv]adj.粗糙的；有研磨作用的n.研磨料tolerance['tɔlərəns]n.公差，容忍，宽容twistdrill麻花钻gearblank齿轮毛坯threadedshaft丝杠gearteeth轮齿backandforth反复地，来回地single-pointcuttingtool单刃刀具abrasiveparticle磨料颗粒1.Tappingistheprocessofcuttingathreadinsideaholesothatacapscreworboltmaybethreadedintoit.译文：攻丝是在孔里切出螺纹的过程，以便螺钉或螺栓能旋合进去。说明：句中processof…的过程，sothatacapscreworboltmaybethreadedintoit作目的状语。threaded[θ'redid]adj.有线状图案装饰的v.穿过；穿线于（thread的过去分词）1)relatedphrases：threadedconnection螺纹连接；threadedbush套筒螺母2）Eachleverhastwothreadedconnectorsforchaininstallation.每个杆都有两个螺纹连接器用于链条安装。3）Eachendisthreadedtoallowtheinstallationofvalves,connections,orreliefdevices.每一端都车有螺纹，以安装阀门、接头或减压装置。

2.Forturningoperations,thelatheusesasingle-pointcuttingtool,whichremovesmetalasittravelspasttherevolvingworkpiece.译文：在车削操作中，车床用一个单刃切削刀具在旋转的工件上进行金属切削。说明：句中句中whichremovesmetalasittravelspasttherevolvingworkpiece.是非限制性定语从句，对asingle-pointcuttingtool作补充说明作用。turning['tə:niŋ]n.转向；旋转；回转；转弯处v.旋转（turn的ing形式）1)relatedphrases：turningmoment转矩；turningmachine车床2）Thetopisturninglikeascrew.那顶端象螺丝一样地旋转着。3）Spinthependulumroundbyturningtheredknob.转动红色的把手使钟摆开始转动。3.Millingcanproduceflatorangledsurfaces,grooves,slots,gearteeth,andotherprofiles,dependingontheshapeofthecuttersbeingused.译文：铣削根据所用的铣刀形状可分别加工平面或斜面、槽口、缝、齿轮的齿和其他的型面。说明：句中dependingontheshapeofthecuttersbeingused作条件状语。4.Inshaping,thecuttingtoolonashaperreciprocatesormovesbackandforthwhiletheworkisfedautomaticallytowardsthetool.译文：在刨削的操作中，当工件自动朝刀具方向进给时，牛头刨床上的刀具作往复或前后移动。说明：句中whiletheworkisfedautomaticallytowardsthetool作时间状语从句。reciprocate[ri'siprəkeit]

vt.报答；互换；互给vi.往复运动；互换1）Thepistonisreciprocatinginsidecylinder.活塞在汽缸内部往复运动。2）IhopeIcanreciprocateyourhospitalitysometime.我希望下次能回报你的热情款待。句中：backandforth反复地，来回地1）COMlinksallofcomponentsinthesystemtogether,enablingthemtopassrequestsandinformationbackandforth.COM将系统中的所有组件连接在一起，允许它们来回传送请求和信息。2）Shewalkedbackandforthonthepath.她在小路上来来回回地走着。5.Thecuttingtoolisautomaticallyfedintotheworkpieceasmallamountoneachstroke.译文：刀具在切削的每一行程自动向工件进给一点。说明：句中feedinto送进；输进(某人、某物)；workpiece工件；stroke[strəuk]n.冲程，打击；尝试vt.抚摸，划掉vi.敲击键盘1)relatedphrases：idlestroke空行程；intakestroke进气行程;exhauststroke排气行程;combustionstroke燃烧行程2)Hestrokedthenameofhimselfwithhispen.他用钢笔划掉了他自己的名字。3)Thecombinationofhighgearratioandlongstrokecandrainanentireairsystemunlesstheairsupplysystemisspeciallydesignedtoaccommodatethistypeofactuator.除非气源供应系统是经过特殊配置，以满足这种类型执行机构的要求，或者高齿轮传速比和长冲程的组合可能会耗尽整个气源系统。6.Precisiongrindingisconcernedwithgrindingtoclosetolerancesandverysmoothfinish.译文：精磨应用于接近于精密公差和光洁度很高的磨削。说明：句中beconcernedwith涉及…，关于…，与…有关1）Scholarsandresearchesshouldnotbeconcernedwithwhethertheirworkmakesacontributiontothelargersociety.我们不应该仅仅关注学者和研究者的著作能否对社会做出贡献。closetolerances紧公差；严格的容限1)relatedphrases：close-toleranceforging精确（公差）锻件；closetoleranceflamecutting高精度火焰切割2）Ourcastingprocessensurehighconsistentqualitycastingandouruniquelydesigned.High-precisionmachiningequipmentcanproducepartwithinclosetoleranceatalltime.严密的生产管理，先进的工艺设计，精密的设备，在任务时候都能保证生产出高质量的零件。3）Barcodesaredifficultforprintingforitsclosetolerance.条形码的印刷质量要求比较高，因而它的印刷难度较大。句中：smoothfinish光洁度；光面精整；光泽装饰1）Enhancestheproductthesmoothfinish,theenhancementperspectiverate;提高产品的光泽度，增强透视度；I.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.

1.Whatpartscanbeprocessedwithlathes?

Manydifferentcylindricalshapes,suchasaxes,gearblanks,pulleys,threadedshaftsandsomeholescanbeprocessedwithlathes.

Themillingmachine,theshaperorplanerandthethegrindercanprocessflatsurfaces.2.Whichmachinetoolscanprocessflatsurfaces?3.Whatisthetapping?

Tappingistheprocessofcuttingathreadinsideaholesothatacapscreworboltmaybethreadedintoit.II.WriteTforTrueorFforFalseaccordingtothetext.1.Forturningoperations,thelatheusesmultiplecuttingedgetoolstoprocess.

(F)2.Themillingmachineiscommonlycalledthefatheroftheentiremachinetoolfamily.

(F)3.Inshaping,theworkpieceisattachedtoaworktablethatreciprocatespastthecuttingtool.

(F)4.Grindingmakesuseofthemetalmaterialtoolstodothecutting.

(F)1.twistdrillⅢ．PutthefollowingphrasesorsentencesintoChinese.麻花钻

2.cuttingedge

切削刃

3.smoothfinish

光洁度

4.abrasiveparticle磨粒

5.single-pointcuttingtool单刃刀具

6.Millingoperationsareemployedinproducingflatorangledsurfaces,grooves,slots,gearteeth,andotherprofiles,dependingontheshapeofthecuttersbeingused.根据所用的铣刀形状,铣削可分别加工平面、槽口、缝、轮齿及其他的型面。

7.Turningoperationsarerequiredtomakemanydifferentcylindricalshapes,suchasaxes,gearblanks,pulleys,andthreadedshafts.车削用来切削不同的圆柱形，如轴、齿轮毛坯、滑轮、丝杆等。

英汉两种语言在表达上有很大差别。翻译时，有些词或词组不能直接搬用词典中的释义，若生搬硬套，会使译文生硬晦涩，难以看懂，甚至造成误解。所以，要在弄清原文内涵的基础上，根据上下文的逻辑关系和汉语的搭配习惯，对词义加以引申。若遇到有关专业方面的内容，必须选用专业方面的术语。引申后的词义能更确切地表达原文意义。引申译法

1.However,colorscangivemoreforcetotheformoftheproduct.欠佳译法：然而，色彩能给予产品更多的力量。引申译法：然而，色彩能使产品外形增添美感。2.Powerplugsaremaleelectricalconnectorsthatfitintofemaleelectricalsockets.

欠佳译法：电源插头是雄性连接器适配雌性连接器。引申译法：电源插头可以插入电源插座。3Thereisawideareaofperformanceduplicationbetweennumericalcontrolandautomatics.引申译法：数控和自动化机床有很多相同的性能。4.High-speedgrindingdoesnotknowthisdisadvantage.引申译法:高速磨床不存在这个缺点。5.Thechargecurrentdependsuponthetechnologyandcapacityofthebatterybeingcharged.引申译法：充电电流的大小根据充电技术和电池容量的不同而不同。JigBorer卧式坐标镗床龙门坐标镗床JigBorer

Thejigborerresemblesboththedrillpressandtheverticalmillingmachine.Theheadofthisunitissimilartoadrillpress,andthetableisverymuchlikethatofaverticalmillingmachine.Thejigborerisusedinthemanufactureofjigs,fixtures,anddieswhichrequireextremelyaccuratedimensions.Sincetheworkcanbeclampedsecurelytothetablethatmovesbackandforthandinandoutandsincethedrillingheadismadewithgreatprecision,holesmaybelocatedanddrilledmoreaccuratelyonthismachinethanonanyothermachinetool.坐标镗床坐标镗床既类似于钻床又类似于立式铣床。其主轴箱类似于钻床，而工作台则与立式铣床极为相似。坐标镗床用来加工尺寸要求非常精确的钻模、夹具和冲模。由于工件能可靠地固定在作纵向、横向运动的工作台上，又由于主轴箱的制造精度很高，所以在这种机床上，孔的定位和钻削要比其它任何机床更精确。

Thecoordinatemeasuringsystemofajigborerisdesignedtoprovidelongitudinalandtransversetablemovements.Oneofthesimplestsystemsisbasedontwoleadscrews.Anothersystem,whichisusedonmanyjigbores,isbasedonprecisionendmeasuringrods.Somejigborersareprovidedwithelectricaloropticalsystems.

坐标镗床的坐标测量系统用来确定工作台的纵向和横向运动量。最简单的系统之一是以两根丝杆为基础的。另外一个为许多坐标镗床所采用的系统是以精密量棒为基础的。有些坐标镗床装有电气或光学测量系统。jig[dʒiɡ]n.夹具，钻模vi.用夹具或钻模等加工borer['bɔ:rə]n.[机]镗床，镗孔刀具，钻头vertical['və:tikəl]adj.垂直的，直立的，竖式的n.垂直线dimension[di'menʃən,dai-]n.尺寸；维（数）；线度；[复]面积；容器clamp[klæmp]n.夹钳，夹子vt.(用夹钳)夹住，夹紧longitudinal[,lɔndʒi'tju:dinəl]adj.长度的，纵向的，经线的transverse[trænz'və:s]

adj.横向的，横断的n.横断面optical['ɔptikəl]adj.光学的，视觉的，有助视力的；coordinate[kəu'ɔ:dinit,kəu'ɔ:dineit]n.坐标adj.并列的，坐标的verticalmillingmachine立式铣床1.Whyisitsaidthatthejigborerresemblesboththedrillpressandtheverticalmillingmachine?2.Whytheholesmaybelocatedanddrilledmoreaccuratelyonthejigborerthanonanyothermachinetool?3.Whichcoordinatemeasuringsystemisusedonmanyjigbores?I．Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothereading．

Becausetheheadofthejigborerissimilartoadrillpress,andthetableisverymuchlikethatofaverticalmillingmachine.Sincetheworkcanbeclampedsecurelytothetablethatmovesbackandforthandinandoutandsin