【公开课课件】高中英语语法情态动词

ModalverbsJack—Ihavegoodnewsforyou!Rose—What?Jack—TheEducationDepartmenthascarriedoutrulestoreducestudents'toomuchstudyload.Rose—Really?Ifso,Idon’thavetostayuplatetodosomuchhomeworkandmymommayallowmetoplaycomputergames.Jack—ThebestthingIthinkisthat

Ican

havemoresparetimetotakeexerciseafterclass.Rose—Sure.Bytheway,whoisyourfavoritesportsstar?Jack—Liu

Xiang,I

shouldsay.Rose—Tellmesomethingabouthim.Jack—Well,

maybeIcanshowyousomephotos.

一.Weusemodalverbstotalkabout:1.Ability（能力）2.Obligation（义务）3.Certainty（可能性）4.Permission（允许）二.Wealsousemodalverbsto:5.Makerequests（提出请求）6.Makesuggestions（提出建议）7.Makeoffers（提供帮助）8.Giveadvice（提出意见）1.Ability(能力):LiuXiangcanrunthe110mhurdleracewithin13seconds.can/could:1.can一般表示与生俱来的能力或者一种客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许。LearningEnglish_____bedifficult.canMancannotlivewithoutair.

_______Iuseyourbike?Cancan/could:2.在疑问句中，用could可表示请求，语气较委婉。—____Ihavethetelevisionon?—Yes,you_____./No,you_____CouldHeasksifhe____smokehere.couldcan/maycan’t/I’mafraidnotcan/could:3.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）

He’ssuchanicepersonthathe______committhecrime.

can’t你怎么会如此地粗心！

Howcanyoubesocareless!

Canthisbetrue?

can/could:4.cannever/can’t……too表示“无论怎样…也不过分”，“越…越好”。你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。

Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhilecrossingtheroad.

Attention:can/beableto区别:Edisonalwayswonderedwhyhenscouldhatch(孵)chickenswhilehewasnotableto.Question:Arethetwomodalverbsinterchangeable(互换)?Ifnot,why?can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能性，而beableto更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，或者在某个客观的场合和背景下，能做到的事情。Attention:can/beableto区别:AbigfirebrokeoutinABChotelyesterday.Luckily,everyone__________runoutofthebuilding.wasableto2.She_____speakbothEnglishandFrench.canI’msotired!Ihavetodothetrainingforatleast10hoursaday!2.Obligation(义务):…yethemust

workhardtowinthegoldmedal.AlthoughLiuXiangissogiftedinhurdlerace…Attention:advisabilitynecessityoughtto/shouldhavetomustMymotherbringsmeupandtakesgoodcareofme,sowhensheisold,I___lookafterherinreturn.

A.canB.mayC.havetoD.must

ShiDongpengmightwinamedalattheOlympicGames.Althoughthechanceofwinningamedalissmall,I’lltrymybest!3.Certainty(可能性):Attention:veryuncertainalmostcertainmightshouldmustmaycouldoughttowill1.He_____beathome.2.He_____beathome,forhejustcalledmefromhishome15secondsago.A.mayB.mightC.must

A.mayB.mightC.must

(can)must表示肯定的猜测，译为“一定”，不能用于否定句或疑问句。Thismustbeyourpen.Hemustbedoinghishomeworknow.Hemusthavearrivedalready.mustmust2.表示“坚持”（常用于固定句型：ifyoumustdosth.如果你非得要做某事）如果你真的要走，那就悄悄离开。Ifyoumustleave,doitquietly.Haveatry:—They___bedoingtheexperimentinthelab.—Why？—Becausethelightsarestillburning.A.couldB.canC.mustD.would

4.Permission(允许):May

IeatKFCifIwinthegoldmedal?may/might:1.表示许可。表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些。—Might/MayIuseyourcomputer?—Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.may/might:2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。3.表示推测、可能（只用于肯定句，疑问句则要用can或could）。

祝你成功！

Mayyousucceed.

Hemaybeverybusynow.

Mayyoubehappyallyourlife.

5.Makingrequests(提出要求):Can

youhelpmewithmytraining?Idon’tknowhowtousethisequipment!willcancouldwouldinformalformal6.Makingsuggestions(提出建议):Shallwedothetraininginthemorning?It’stoohottotakeexerciseintheafternoon.shall:1.Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见、向对方请示或提供帮助。1.Shallwebeginourlesson?2.Whenshallhebeallowedtoleavehospital?

3.ShallIcarrythisbagforyou?shall:2.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

Youshallfailifyoudon‘tworkharder.

Heshallbepunishedaccordingtotherule.

等我读完这本书，就会给他的。HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.警告威胁允诺shall:3.Shall用于第三人称，表示在条约，规定，法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应”、“必须”。

Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday,unlessaccompaniedbyanadult.

7.Makingoffers(提供帮助):Don’tworry,dear.Iwillwashthemrightaway.Mom,mydirtyclotheshavebeenpiledup!Idon’thavetime……will/would:1.表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。sentencepattern

Wouldyoupleasedo…Wouldyouminddoing…Wouldrather…Wouldyoulikesthwill/would:2.表示意志、愿望和决心。

Iwillneverdothatagain.

will/would:3.可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。Theoldman_______haveasmokeunderabigtreeeveryafternoonafterhefinishedhisfarmwork.

wouldwill/would:Attention:Iwillgototheparkwithyoutomorrowifyouwilloffermelunch.

Question:Isthissentencecorrect?Why?情态动词表示“意愿”8.Givingadvice(提出意见):Youshouldnot/oughtnottoeatsomuchbeforerunning.Howdelicious!!!should:1.Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是oughtto；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought…to。ShouldIopenthewindow?

我们应当要相互学习。

Weshouldlearnfromeachother.should:2.情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。Rose—Sure.Bytheway,whoisyouridol?Jack—LiuXiang,Ishouldsay.Ishouldadviseyounottodothatagain.

3.should表示意外或惊讶常译为“居然，竟然”。

Ican’tbelievesuchagentlemanshouldbesorudetotheold.

我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。should:4.should表示猜测时，一般指按经验或逻辑判断，翻译成“照说应该，估计，想必”

should:---WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.---They_____bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.needTobecontinued三.“情态动词+havedone”的用法

（1）musthavedone对过去某事的十分肯定猜测（2）may/mighthavedone对过去某事的可能性猜测（3）can’t/couldn’thavedone对过去某事的否定猜测（4）should/oughttohavedone过去应该做而未做（5）shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone

过去不应该做而实际上做了（6）needn’thavedone本没有必要做的事实际却做了（7）couldhavedone

本来能够做的（有能力做）事实际却未做到Let'shaveatry!PracticeWithsomuchworkonhand,you____toseethegamelastnight.A.mustn’tgoB.couldhavegoneC.shouldn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegone2.Therewasplentyoftime.She____.A.mustn’thavehurriedB.couldn’thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn’thavehurriedPractice3.–IsawMaryinthelibraryyesterday.

--You_____her.Sheisstillabroad.

A.mustn’tsee B.can’thaveseen

C.mustn’thaveseenD.couldn’tsee4.AuntMary______thetrain;otherwiseshewouldhavearrivedherebynow.

A.musthavemissed B.shouldhavemissed

C.hadmissed D.mightmiss五.表示否定的情态动词的用法:

部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一。

mustn’t不准,禁止needn’t没必要(=don’thaveto)can’t不能;不可能maynot不可以;可能不shouldn’t不应该(=oughtnotto)

Howcanwedealwithexercisesconcerningmodalverbs?Functions&usageofmodalverbsLanguagecontext(上下文、语境)ThinkingFunctions&usageofmodalverbsLanguagecontext(上下文、语境)高考考题:1.Ithoughtyou_____likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.A.mayB.mightC.wouldD.must2.Whereismypen?I____it.A.mightloseB.wouldhavelostC.shouldhavelostD.musthavelost3.Ididn’thearthephone.I___asleepA.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeenBD

B4.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.----It____acomfortablejourneyA.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen5.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack___behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.could

DC1.Acomputer______thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone______getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasabletoAD3.Theywill______runthismachineontheirowninthreemonths.A.canB.couldC.mayD.beableto4.Thatbigcinema______seat2,000people.A.canB.shouldC.oughttoD.isabletoD

A

5.—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou_______.A.mightB.willC.canD.should6.—MightIwatchTVaftersupper?—Yes,you________.A.mayB.mustC.mightD.couldCA7.You______returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot8.Johnny,you______playwiththeknife,you______hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;mustD.can’t;shouldn’tCB9.--Willyoustayforlunch?--Sorry,_____.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.Imustn’tB.Ican’tC.Ineedn’tD.Iwon’t10.--MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?--________.A.No,youneedn’tB.Not,please.C.No,youmustn’tD.No,youwon’tBC情态动词考题:1.Putonmoreclothes.You

befeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.

A.can

B.could

C.must

D.would2."MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren?"

"No,

."

A.youshouldn't

B.youmightnot

C.youneedn't

D.youmustn'tCC3.Wedidn'tseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.He

it.

A.mustn'thaveattended

B.cannothaveattended

C.needn'thaveattended

D.wouldhavenotattended4.We

playchessthanbridge.Someofusdon'tknowhowtoplaybridge.

A.hadbetter

B.wouldbetter

C.wouldrather

D.hadratherBA5.Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor.

itbeTom?

A.can

B.must

C.should

D.oughtto6.Twoyearsago,myhusbandboughtmeabicycle.Ifyouliveintown,itisoftenfasterthanacarandyou

worryaboutparking.

A.mustnot

B.maynot

C.shouldnot

D.don'thavetoAD

1.–MayIsitbesideyou,sir?---No,you______.Mygirlfriendiscomingsoon.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t2.--_____IspeaktoMary,please?--Sorry,she____cometothephonebecausesheisn’tin.A.Might;won’tB.Can’t;mustn’tC.May;can’tD.Couldn’t;shouldn’t1.--IsJohncomingbytrain?--Heshould,buthe____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.(2002高考题）A.mustB.canC.needD.may2.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates(候选人)____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.(2002上海高考题）A.canB.willC.mayD.shall3.--Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.(2002北京高考题）--It____truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.A.maynotbeB.won’tbeC.couldn’tbeD.mustn’tbe3.---IwanttoknowifI_smokehere.---No,you____.Couldyouseethesign“NOSMOKING”there?can;needn’tB.must;can’tC.shall;won’tD.may;mustn’t4.Mywifeneverremembersmytelephonenumber.Shealways____lookitup.A.mustB.shouldC.wouldD.hasto5.---____youpassmetheEnglishmagazine,please?---Sure.Hereyouare.CouldB.NeedC.MustD.Might6.---MustIgotoworkwithyou?---No,you_____.Linda______gowithme.A.mustn’t;canB.can’t;hastoC.daren’t;shouldD.needn’t;mayD7.---__ItellMarythetestresults?---No,you____.She’salreadygotthescore.A.Will;won’tB.Shall;needn’tC.May;mustn’tD.Can;don’t8.You____becarefulwhencrossinghere.Thetrafficlightsaren’tworking.A.mightB.oughttoC.couldD.mayBB9.---CouldIborrowyourbicycle?---Yes,ofcourseyou_____.willB.shouldC.canD.need10.Joan_____comewithusthisafternoon,butsheisn’tverysureyet.A.canB.mayC.mustD.willCB11.I_____askyouthequestionbecauseIthinkI_____bewrong.daren’t;mustB.mustn’t;canC.needn’t;mayD.can’t;should12.It’snearlyeighto’clock.Mike_____behereatanymoment.A.needB.hastoC.shouldD.can13.Thefirespreadthroughthebuildingveryquicklybuteveryone____getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto14.---Whatdoyouthinkofthisanswer?---Idon’tthinkit____beright.shouldB.mightC.mustD.canDD15.---IsJohncomingbytrain?---Heshould,buthe___.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.can’tB.needn’tC.maynotD.mustn’t16.Hedoesn’thavetoworktomorrow,butyouhavegotto,____you?don’tB.haven’tC.haven’tgotD.can’tCB17.You_____wakemeupwhenIfallasleep,______you?A.haven’tbetter;haveB.wouldnotrather;wouldC.hadbetternot;shouldD.hadnotbetter;must18.---Why!Icouldn’tgetyouonthephonethismorning.---We_____tennisintheyardwhenyouphoneme.couldbeplayingB.mustbeplayingC.musthavebeenplayingD.shouldhaveplayed19.---Wedidn’tseehimatthelecture.---Neitherdidanybodyelse.He_____it.A.maynothaveattendedB.mustn’tattendC.can’thaveattendedD.couldn’tattend20.---Icameherebytaxiandthedriverchargedme50yuan.---Really?You_____havecomebybus.couldB.mustC.mayD.should21.---DoyoustillrememberwhenwewenttotheGreatWall?---Ican’trememberitwell,but_____ithavebeensometimelastMay?A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would22.---IwonderwhyMr.Lindidn’tcometowork.---He____havebeenill.needn’tB.shouldC.mightD.can23.---Noonepassedthemathematicsexaminationtoday.---Iguesswe____theexerciselastnight.couldreviewB.shouldreviewC.mightreviewD.shouldhavereviewed24.She_____thehospitalsosoon,forshehasn’tyetrecovered.wouldn’thaveleftB.shouldn’thaveleftC.needn’tleaveD.hadn’tleft25.Whydidn’tyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I______allthewayherethroughtheheavysnow.

needn’thavedrivenB.can’thavedrivenC.musthavedrivenD.shouldn’thavedriven.26.Thebookisneitheryoursnormine.Whose______itbe?A.mustB.mayC.shouldD.can27.Itissurprisingthathe____havebeensofoolish.A.mustB