网络系统集成第四章

第五章配置RIP和IGRP协议自治系统100自治系统200IGPs:RIP,IGRPEGPs:BGP自治系统：内部和外部的

路由协议自治系统：使用相同的路由准则的网络的集合IGP在一个自治系统内运行。EGP连接不同的自治系统。路由的不可信度IGRP

AdministrativeDistance=100RouterDRouterBRouterARouterCRIP

AdministrativeDistance=120EIneedtosendapackettoNetworkE.BothrouterBandCwillgetitthere.

Whichrouteisbest?路由协议的分类距离矢量混合路由链路状态CBADCDBA距离矢量的路由协议定期将路由表复制给相邻的路由器并且进行矢量堆加CDBACBADRoutingTableRoutingTableRoutingTableRoutingTableDistance—Howfar

Vector—Inwhichdirection路由器从收集到的源信息中选择到达目标地址的最佳路径ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.2.0.010.3.0.0

00S0S1RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E00RoutingTable10.1.0.010.2.0.0

E0S0

00距离矢量—源信息的获得路由器从收集到的源信息中选择到达目标地址的最佳路径ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.0RoutingTable10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.010.1.0.00011S0S1S1S0RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E0010.2.0.0S0

1E0S0S0100距离矢量—源信息的获得距离矢量—源信息的获得路由器从收集到的源信息中选择到达目标地址的最佳路径ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0RoutingTable10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.010.1.0.00011S0S1S1S0RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0010.4.0.0E0010.2.0.0S010.1.0.0S012E0S0S0S01200

距离矢量—选择最佳路径用于确定最佳路由路径的参数信息56T156T1Ticks,hopcountBAHopcountIPXRIPIGRPBandwidthDelayLoadReliabilityMTU距离矢量—管理路由信息路由表的更新过程将通过路由器之间一步一步来完成A更新路由表网络结构的改变将导致路由表的更新距离矢量—管理路由信息路由表的更新过程将通过路由器之间一步一步来完成A更新路由表在下一个周期后路由器A发送更新过的路由表网络结构的改变将导致路由表的更新距离矢量—管理路由信息路由表的更新过程将通过路由器之间一步一步来完成AB更新路由表更新路由表网络结构的改变将导致路由表的更新在下一个周期后路由器A发送更新过的路由表路由回环每一个节点管理着与之相连的所有网络ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0RoutingTable10.3.0.0S0E0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.000RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0S1S1S01110.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000路由回环缓慢的收敛容易造成路由信息的不一致ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0E0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.00DownRoutingTable10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0S1S1S01110.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000路由器C推断到达10.4.0.0网络的最好路径是通过路由器B路由回环ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.002RoutingTable10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0S1S1S11110.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000路由器A根据错误的信息升级它的路由表路由回环ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTableS0S0S0S01210.3.0.010.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.002RoutingTableE0S0S0S01410.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTableS0S1S1S03110.2.0.010.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000无限计数10.4.0.0网络的数据将在路由器A,B,和C之间循环10.4.0.0网络的跳数将无限大ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.004RoutingTableE0S0S0S01610.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTableS0S1S1S05110.2.0.010.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000解决方法：定义最大跳数指定最大跳数来防止路由回环ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.0016RoutingTableE0S0S0S011610.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTableS0S1S1S016110.2.0.010.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000解决方法：水平分割不会接收到由自身传达出去的路由信息ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XXXRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.000RoutingTableE0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTableS0S1S1E11210.2.0.010.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000解决方法：路由毒杀路由器将该路由信息的跳数标记为无限大ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.00InfinityRoutingTable10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0S1S1E11210.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000解决方法：反转毒杀反转毒杀可以超越水平分割ABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XRoutingTable10.3.0.0S0S0S0S01210.1.0.010.2.0.010.4.0.00InfinityRoutingTable10.1.0.0E0S0S0S01210.4.0.010.3.0.010.2.0.000RoutingTable10.2.0.0S0S1S1E1Possibly

Down210.1.0.010.4.0.010.3.0.000Poison

Reverse解决方法：Hold-Down计时路由器在Hold-Down时间内将该条记录标记为possiblydown以使其它路由器能够重新计算网络结构的变化Network10.4.0.0isdownthenbackupthenbackdownUpdateafterhold-downTimeNetwork10.4.0.0isunreachableABC10.1.0.010.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XUpdateafterhold-downTime解决方法：触发更新当路由表发生变化时路由器立即发送更新信息ABC10.2.0.010.3.0.010.4.0.0E0S0S0S1S0E0XNetwork10.4.0.0isunreachableNetwork10.4.0.0isunreachableNetwork10.4.0.0isunreachable10.1.0.0一个完整的方案DBEAXC10.4.0.0一个完整的方案DBEACX10.4.0.0HolddownHolddownHolddown一个完整的方案DBEACX10.4.0.0HolddownHolddownHolddownPoisonReversePoisonReversePoisonReversePoisonReverse一个完整的方案DBEACX10.4.0.0HolddownHolddownHolddownPacketforNetwork10.4.0.0PacketforNetwork10.4.0.0一个完整的方案DBEACLinkup!10.4.0.0一个完整的方案DBEACLinkup!10.4.0.0链路状态协议传递最佳的路径信息给其它的路由器LSP数据包SPF运算拓补结构数据最佳路由信息路由表CADB距离矢量和环状路由的综合应用混合路由选择基于距离矢量的路径Convergerapidlyusing通过传递变化的更新信息达到快速收敛平衡的路由路由器配置选择路由协议指定网络或端口Network160.89.0.0Network172.30.0.0IGRP,RIPNetwork172.16.0.0RIPRIPIGRPIP路由的配置任务指定IP路由协议Router(config)#routerprotocol[keyword]

指定与路由器直接相连的网络Router(config-router)#networknetwork-number动态路由配置19.2kbpsT1T1T1Hop计算路由器每隔30秒更新最多支持相同hop数的6条路径RIP概述激活RIP协议Router(config)#routerripRouter(config-router)#networknetwork-number选择所能到达的网络必须是有效的网络RIP配置2.3.0.0routerripnetwork172.16.0.0network10.0.0.0RIP配置举例routerripnetwork10.0.0.02.3.0.0routerripnetwork192.168.1.0network10.0.0.0172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0查看RIP信息RouterA#shipprotocolsRoutingProtocolis"rip"Sendingupdatesevery30seconds,nextduein0secondsInvalidafter180seconds,holddown180,flushedafter240OutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisIncomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisRedistributing:ripDefaultversioncontrol:sendversion1,receiveanyversionInterfaceSendRecvKey-chainEthernet0112Serial2112RoutingforNetworks:10.0.0.0172.16.0.0RoutingInformationSources:GatewayDistanceLastUpdate10.1.1.212000:00:10Distance:(defaultis120)172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0查看路由表RouterA#shiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRT-trafficengineeredrouteGatewayoflastresortisnotset172.16.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnetsC172.16.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Ethernet010.0.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnetsR10.2.2.0[120/1]via10.1.1.2,00:00:07,Serial2C10.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial2R192.168.1.0/24[120/2]via10.1.1.2,00:00:07,Serial2172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0debugiprip

命令RouterA#debugipripRIPprotocoldebuggingisonRouterA#00:06:24:RIP:receivedv1updatefrom10.1.1.2onSerial200:06:24:10.2.2.0in1hops00:06:24:192.168.1.0in2hops00:06:33:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaEthernet0(172.16.1.1)00:06:34:network10.0.0.0,metric100:06:34:network192.168.1.0,metric300:06:34:RIP:sendingv1updateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.1)00:06:34:network172.16.0.0,metric1172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0使用IGRP的网络较大缺省100hops，最大255hops支持多路径IGRP介绍IGRP带宽延迟时间可靠性负载最大传输单元19.2kbps19.2kbpsIGRP路径选择SourceDestination最多六条路径下一次所要到达的路由器必须接近目的网络在允许的参数内选择路径NewRouteInitial

RouteSourceDestinationIGRP的不平衡路径配置IGRPRouter(config-router)#networknetwork-number指定可以到达的网络Router(config)#routerigrpautonomous-system指定IGRP为IP路由协议配置IGRP(续)Router(config-router)#traffic-share

{balanced|min}控制负载平衡数据的分布Router(config-router)#variancemultiplier控制IGRP的负载平衡routerigrp100network172.16.0.0network10.0.0.0IGRP配置举例routerigrp100network10.0.0.0routerigrp100network192.168.1.0network10.0.0.0AutonomousSystem=100172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0查看IGRP信息RouterA#shipprotocolsRoutingProtocolis"igrp100"Sendingupdatesevery90seconds,nextduein21secondsInvalidafter270seconds,holddown280,flushedafter630OutgoingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisIncomingupdatefilterlistforallinterfacesisDefaultnetworksflaggedinoutgoingupdatesDefaultnetworksacceptedfromincomingupdatesIGRPmetricweightK1=1,K2=0,K3=1,K4=0,K5=0IGRPmaximumhopcount100IGRPmaximummetricvariance1Redistributing:igrp100RoutingforNetworks:10.0.0.0172.16.0.0RoutingInformationSources:GatewayDistanceLastUpdate10.1.1.210000:01:01Distance:(defaultis100)172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0查看IP路由表RouterA#shiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRT-trafficengineeredrouteGatewayoflastresortisnotset172.16.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnetsC172.16.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Ethernet010.0.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnetsI10.2.2.0[100/90956]via10.1.1.2,00:00:23,Serial2C10.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial2I192.168.1.0/24[100/91056]via10.1.1.2,00:00:23,Serial2172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0debugipigrptransaction

命令RouterA#debugipigrptransactionsIGRPprotocoldebuggingisonRouterA#00:21:06:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaEthernet0(172.16.1.1)00:21:06:network10.0.0.0,metric=8895600:21:06:network192.168.1.0,metric=9105600:21:07:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.1)00:21:07:network172.16.0.0,metric=110000:21:16:IGRP:receivedupdatefrom10.1.1.2onSerial200:21:16:subnet10.2.2.0,metric90956(neighbor88956)00:21:16:network192.168.1.0,metric91056(neighbor89056)172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0debugipigrpevents

命令RouterA#debugipigrpeventsIGRPeventdebuggingisonRouterA#00:23:44:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaEthernet0(172.16.1.1)00:23:44:IGRP:Updatecontains0interior,2system,and0exteriorroutes.00:23:44:IGRP:Totalroutesinupdate:200:23:44:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.1)00:23:45:IGRP:Updatecontains0interior,1system,and0exteriorroutes.00:23:45:IGRP:Totalroutesinupdate:100:23:48:IGRP:receivedupdatefrom10.1.1.2onSerial200:23:48:IGRP:Updatecontains1interior,1system,and0exteriorroutes.00:23:48:IGRP:Totalroutesinupdate:2172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0路由信息更新举例RouterA#debugipigrptrans00:31:15:%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceEthernet0,changedstatetodown00:31:15:IGRP:editionisnow300:31:15:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.1)00:31:15:network172.16.0.0,metric=429496729500:31:16:IGRP:Updatecontains0interior,1system,and0exteriorroutes.00:31:16:IGRP:Totalroutesinupdate:100:31:16:IGRP:broadcastingrequestonSerial200:31:16:IGRP:receivedupdatefrom10.1.1.2onSerial200:31:16:subnet10.2.2.0,metric90956(neighbor88956)00:31:16:network172.16.0.0,metric4294967295(inaccessible)00:31:16:network192.168.1.0,metric91056(neighbor89056)00:31:16:IGRP:Updatecontains1interior,2system,and0exteriorroutes.00:31:16:IGRP:Totalroutesinupdate:3172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0X路由信息更新举例RouterB#debugipigrptransIGRPprotocoldebuggingisonRouterB#1d19h:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.2)1d19h:subnet10.2.2.0,metric=889561d19h:network192.168.1.0,metric=890561d19h:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial3(10.2.2.2)1d19h:subnet10.1.1.0,metric=889561d19h:network172.16.0.0,metric=890561d19h:IGRP:receivedupdatefrom10.1.1.1onSerial21d19h:network172.16.0.0,metric4294967295(inaccessible)1d19h:IGRP:editionisnow101d19h:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial2(10.1.1.2)1d19h:subnet10.2.2.0,metric=889561d19h:network172.16.0.0,metric=42949672951d19h:network192.168.1.0,metric=890561d19h:IGRP:sendingupdateto255.255.255.255viaSerial3(10.2.2.2)1d19h:subnet10.1.1.0,metric=889561d19h:network172.16.0.0,metric=4294967295172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168.1.110.1.1.110.2.2.210.1.1.2S2S310.2.2.3172.16.1.0ABC192.168.1.0E0路由信息更新举例RouterB#shiprouteCodes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGPD-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterareaN1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGPi-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,*-candidatedefaultU-per-userstaticroute,o-ODRT-trafficengineeredrouteGatewayoflastresortisnotsetI172.16.0.0/16ispossiblydown,routingvia10.1.1.1,Serial210.0.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnetsC10.1.1.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial2C10.2.2.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial3I192.168.1.0/24[100/89056]via10.2.2.3,00:00:14,Serial3RouterB#ping172.16.1.1Typeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto172.16.1.1,timeoutis2seconds:.....Successrateis0percent(0/5)RouterB#172.16.1.1S2E0S3192.168