大学英语综合教程3 -Unit1

BeforeReading_MAINWordWebForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresWarm-upActivityDirections:Whatwordswilloccurtoyouwheneverwementiontheword“Friendship.”WimacycompanionshipeverlastingshareperpetualgenuinepureconfidantheartfeltpalcherishbelovedfriendshipAristotleCiceroBeforeReading2.1ABriefIntroductiontotheSongWordWebForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresWarm-upActivityThisisoneofthecandidatesongsbiddingforthethemesongforChinaBeijing2008OlympicGames.ItiscomposedbyGiorgioMoroder,thewell-knownItaliancomposer,whohaswontheOscarAwardsforthreetimes.Hismajorworksarethethemesongsfor1984and1988OlympicGames.ThesongissungbyLiWenandSunNan,bothofwhomarepopularChinesesingers.AristotleCiceroBeforeReading_2.2You’ve

tasted

bitter

and

the

sweet

success.

You

want

it

all

and

you

for

nothing

less.

You’ve

tried

harder

than

the

rest.

You’ve

become

one

of

the

best.

This

is

the

time

you’ll

remember

forAll

your

life

Forever

friends

In

As

the

whole

world

joins

and

sees

Days

of.

Forever

through

the

years

We’ll

hear

the.

Joy

and

laughter

everywhere!

Directions:Listentothesongandfillinthefollowingblanks.WordWebForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresWarm-upActivityAristotleCicerodefeat_____settle_____harmony_______unity

and

peace_____________cheers______BeforeReading_2.3We’retogetherhereto.ForeverfriendsYou’llmeetall,seeyou’veneverseen.Peoplefrompartsoftheworldwhereyou’veneverbeen.Andyou’llfeelitinyourheart.WespenttoomuchtimeThisisthetimewhenalldreamsofman.ForeverfriendsInAsthewholeworldjoinsandseesDaysof.ForeverthroughtheyearsWe’llhearthe.Joyandlaughtereverywhere!We’retogetherheretoForeverfriendsWordWebForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresWarm-upActivityAristotleCiceroshare_____races_____faces_____apart_____comealive_________harmony_______unityandpeace_____________cheers______share_____BeforeReading_2.4NomatterwhereweareorgoNomatterwhatweorknowNomatterhowwewordourThereisonedreamweshare.ForeverfriendsInAsthewholeworldjoinsandseesDaysof.ForeverthroughtheyearsWe’llhearthe.Joyandlaughtereverywhere!We’retogetherheretoOneworldonedream.ForeverfriendsInharmony!ForeverfriendsOnedreamwedreamOneworldweshare.WordWebForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresWarm-upActivityAristotleCicerohopefor_______unityandpeace_____________prayer_____harmony_______cheers______share_____Directions:Whenyouarelisteningtothebriefintroductiontotheauthor,youarerequiredtocatchthekeywordsofthispassage.Andthensaysomethingabouttheauthoraccordingtothekeywordsyou’vegot.MarkK.Smithspecializesinthefieldofinformaleducationandcommunitylearning.HeistheRankResearchFellowandTutoratYMCAGeorgeWilliamsCollege,Londonandhasbeenavisitingprofessorincommunityeducation,UniversityofStrathclyde,Glasgow.AmonghisbooksareCreatorsnotConsumers(1982),DevelopingYouthWork(1988),LocalEducation(1994),InformalEducation(1996,1999,2005withTonyJeffs)andTheArtofHelpingOthers(2008,writtenwithHeatherSmith).HeiscurrentlyworkingwiththeRankFoundationontwonewinitiativesaroundcommunitydevelopmentandtheneedsofyoungcarers.MarkK.Smithhasworkedasacareersofficer,youthandcommunityworkerandprojectworker.HestudiedeconomicsandpoliticsattheUniversityofLancaster,anddidhisdoctorateinthephilosophyofeducationattheUniversityofLondon.BeforeReading_3WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityScriptDirections:Whenyouarelisteningtothebriefintroductiontotheauthor,youarerequiredtocatchthekeywordsofthispassage.Andthensaysomethingabouttheauthoraccordingtothekeywordsyou’vegot.MarkK.Smithspecializesinthefieldofinformaleducation

andcommunitylearning.HeistheRankResearchFellowandTutoratYMCAGeorgeWilliamsCollege,Londonandhasbeenavisitingprofessorincommunityeducation,UniversityofStrathclyde,Glasgow.AmonghisbooksareCreatorsnotConsumers(1982),DevelopingYouthWork(1988),LocalEducation(1994),InformalEducation(1996,1999,2005withTonyJeffs)andTheArtofHelpingOthers(2008,writtenwithHeatherSmith).HeiscurrentlyworkingwiththeRankFoundationontwonewinitiativesaroundcommunitydevelopmentandtheneedsofyoungcarers.MarkK.Smithhasworkedasacareersofficer,youthandcommunityworkerandprojectworker.HestudiedeconomicsandpoliticsattheUniversityofLancaster,anddidhisdoctorateinthephilosophyofeducationattheUniversityofLondon.

BeforeReading_3WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityScriptBeforeReading_4.11WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityABriefIntroductiontoAristotleAristotle’sChronologyBeforeReading_4.11Aristotle(384~322

BC):

Greek

philosopherandscientist.Aristotleisoneofthe“bigthree”inancientGreekphilosophy,alongwithandSocrates.(SocratestaughtPlato,whointurninstructedAristotle.)Aristotlespentnearly20yearsatPlato’sAcademy,firstasastudentandthenasateacher.AfterPlato’sdeathhetraveledwidelyandeducatedafamouspupil,AlexandertheGreat,theMacedonianwhonearlyconqueredtheworld.LaterAristotlebeganhisownschoolinAthens,knownastheLyceum.Aristotleisknownforhiscarefullydetailedobservationsaboutnatureandthephysicalworld,whichlaidthegroundworkforthemodernstudyofbiology.AmonghisworksarethetextsPhysics,Metaphysics,RhetoricandEthics.PlatoABriefIntroductiontoAristotleWordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityScriptBeforeReading_4.12Inaddition,Aristotleinventedthefieldknownasformallogic,pioneeredzoology,andaddressedvirtuallyeverymajorphilosophicalproblemknownduringhistime.Knowntomedievalintellectualsassimply“thePhilosopher,”AristotleispossiblythegreatestthinkerinWesternhistoryand,historically,perhapsthesinglegreatestinfluenceonWesternintellectualdevelopment.WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityScriptBeforeReading_4.13Plato:

(428~347BC),

Greekphilosopher,oneofthemostcreativeandinfluentialthinkersinWesternphilosophy.Plato,oneofthemostfamousphilosophersofancientGreece,wasthefirsttousethetermphilosophy,whichmeans“loveofknowledge.”Bornaround428BC,Platoinvestigatedawiderangeoftopics.Chiefamonghisideaswasthetheoryofforms,whichproposedthatobjectsinthephysicalworldmerelyresembleperfectformsintheidealworld,andthatonlytheseperfectformscanbetheobjectoftrueknowledge.Thegoalofaphilosopher,accordingtoPlato,istoknowtheperfectformsandtoinstructothersinthatknowledge.WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityScriptBeforeReading_4.14Aristotle’sChronologyTimeEvent384BCBorninthesmallGreektownofStagiros(laterStagira)inthenorthernGreekdistrictofChalcidice.367BCAristotlejoinedPlato’scircleattheAcademyinAthens.

348/347BCAristotleleftforAssosinMysia

after

Plato’sdeath.

Around342BCAristotlewenttothecourtofPhilipofMacedon

andbecametutortoAlexander.

335/334BCAristotlereturnedtoAthensandestablishedaphilosophicalschoolofhisowninthegymnasiumLyceum.322BCAristotlediedofagastricailment.WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityBeforeReading_4.15WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityBeforeReading_4.16WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityBeforeReading_4.17WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityBeforeReading_4.18WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityBeforeReading_4.21WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityABriefIntroductiontoCiceroCicero’sChronologyBeforeReading_4.21WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityCicero(MarcusTullius):(106~43BC)Romanwriter,statesman,andorator.CicerowasthegreatestspeakeramongthemanyfamousstatesmenofancientRome.HepracticedlawandstudiedphilosophyinGreecebeforeholdingarisingsequenceofimportantjobsintheRomanEmpire.In64BChebecameConsul,thehighestofficeinRome.AsConsulhewonfameforhisorationsagainstCataline,theheadofasecretconspiracytoseizethegovernment.AlwaysastaunchABriefIntroductiontoCicerosupporteroftheRepublic,Cicerowaseventuallyforcedfromofficebyhisenemies,andwhenJuliusCaesarconsolidatedhispowerin48BC,Cicerowentintopoliticalretirement.Duringthistimehewrotehisfamousessaysonhappiness,onoldage,andonfriendship.ScriptBeforeReading_4.22UponCaesar’sassassinationin44BC,Ciceroreturnedtopubliclifeanddeliveredaseriesofscathingspeeches(the“Phillipics”)againstMarcAntony.ThisprovedtobeCicero’sundoing:whenAntonytookpowerinatriumviratewithOctavianandMarcusLepidus,CicerowasdeclaredanoutlawandkilledbyAntony’smenin43BC.WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityABriefIntroductiontoCiceroScriptBeforeReading_4.23Cicero’sChronologyTimeEventJan.3,106BCBornatArpinumnear

Rome,theeldersonofawealthylandowner.81-80BCCiceromadehisfirstappearancesincourtduringthedictatorshipofSulla.

79BCCiceroleftRometostudyinRhodes.

76BCCiceromarriedTerentia,whosefamilywaswealthyandperhapsaristocratic.

70BCCiceroscoredhisfirstgreatsuccess,whenheprosecutedCaiusVerresforgrossmisgovernmentinSicily.WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityBeforeReading_4.24WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityBeforeReading_4.25WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityBeforeReading_4.26WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityBeforeReading_4.27

Cicero’sChronologyTimeEvent59BCCicerowasexiledtoMacedonia,

wherehelivedfor16months,becauseofhispubliclyexpresseddislikeoftheviolentmethodsCaesaremployedinhisconsulship.Aug.57BCHisfriendsmadegreateffortstosecurehisrecall.51BCCicerowassentofftogovernCilicia

for

a

year.47-46BCCicerodivorcedTerentiaafter30years’marriage.Dec.43BCCiceromethisdeathatthehandsofAntony’sagentswithcourageanddignity.

WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityBeforeReading_4.28WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityBeforeReading_4.29WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityBeforeReading_5.1Directions:Listentothepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Whatcanaforeverfrienddoforyou?2.Haveyouclassifiedyourfriendsintodifferentgroups?Ifyes,howdoyouclassifythem?3.Whatcanwedotokeepfriendshipaslongaspossible?WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityScriptBeforeReading_5.2Sometimesinlife,youfindaspecialfriend.Someonewhochangesyourlifejustbybeingapartofit.Someonewhomakesyoulaughuntilyoucan’tstop.Someonewhomakesyoubelievethattherereallyisgoodintheworld.Someonewhoconvincesyouthattherereallyisanunlockeddoorjustwaitingforyoutoopenit.Thisisforeverfriendship.Whenyou’redown

WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityandtheworldseemsdarkandempty,yourforeverfriendliftsyouupinspiritandmakesthatdarkandemptyworldsuddenlyseembrightandfull.Yourforeverfriendgetsyouthroughthehardtimes,thesadtimesandtheconfusedtimes.Ifyouturnandwalkaway,yourforeverfriendfollows.Ifyouloseyourway,yourforeverfriendguidesyouandcheersyouon.Yourforeverfriendholdsyourhandandtellsyouthateverythingisgoingtobeokay.Andifyoufindsuchafriend,youfeelhappyandcompletebecauseyouneednotworry.Youhaveaforeverfriend,andforeverhasnoend.GlobalReading_1PartsPara(s).MainIdeas1212~5It’snecessarytoreviewsomeclassicalviewsoffriendshipinordertoacquireabetterunderstandingofit.AccordingtoAristotle,therearethreekindsoffriendship,whicharerespectivelybasedonutility,pleasureandgoodness.Friendshipbasedongoodnessisperfectandtotallydifferentfromfriendshipbasedonutilityorpleasure.36AccordingtoCicero,truefriendshipisonlypossiblebetweengoodmenanditisvirtuethatcreatesandpreservestruefriendship.47Friendshipispermanentbetweenvirtuouspeoplewhoshareacommitmenttothegoodortowhatismorallyrightorworthyofpraise.TrueorFalsePartDivisionoftheTextQuestionsandAnswersDiscussionFurtherUnderstandingInterviewGlobalReading_2.11.Whatarethepossiblecriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend?PartDivisionoftheTextDiscussionTheyarecaring,commonality,companionship,intimacyetc.2.Whydopeoplehavelittleknowledgeaboutwhatfriendshipreallymeans?Therearenocommonlyacceptedcriteriafordefiningwhatfriendshipreallymeans.InterviewTrueorFalseQuestionsandAnswersFurtherUnderstandingGlobalReading_2.2Accordingtoancientscholars,friendshipcanbeclassifiedintothreedifferenttypes.Friendshipbetweentheyoungismucheasiertochangethanthatbetweentheelderly.Peoplelinkedbyfriendship,whichisbasedonutility,staytogetheronlywhentheyaremutuallyuseful.Timeandintimacyarethetwoprerequisitesforthedevelopmentoftruefriendship.Inordertopreservetruefriendship,peopleinacommunityshouldmaintaintheequalrelationshipbetweeneachother..5.No.WemayfindthreekindsoffriendshipaccordingtoAristotle.No.Boththefriendshipbasedonutilityandthatonpleasurearechangeableregardlessoftheage.F()T()F()T()T()PartDivisionoftheTextDiscussionInterviewTrueorFalseQuestionsandAnswersFurtherUnderstandingGlobalReading_3Workinagroupoffour.SupposeonestudentisareporterfromtheuniversityTVstation.Nowheorshehasaninterviewwithalltheotherthreestudentsaboutthequestion“Whatisfriendshipbasedon?”Partoftheinterviewshouldbebasedonthetext.Aftertheinterviewthereporterineachgroupshouldsummarizeandpresentdifferentopinionsinthegrouptothewholeclass.Directions:1.Expressyouropinionswithproperlanguageandmanners.2.Makeyouranswersconciseandpertinent.3.Supportyourargumentwithrelevantexamples.4.Makeaclearsummaryofdifferentopinionsbynotingdownthekeywordsandoutliningtheideasputforwardduringtheinterview.PartDivisionoftheTextDiscussionInterviewTrueorFalseQuestionsandAnswersFurtherUnderstandingGlobalReading_4PartDivisionoftheTextDiscussionInterviewAccordingtotheclassicalviews,virtuousfriendsareboundtogether.Whataboutpeoplewithoutvirtues?Doyouagreethatpeopleofthesamekindgathertogetherandbecomefriends?Pleasegiveexamplestosupportyouranswer.TrueorFalseQuestionsandAnswersFurtherUnderstandingFriendshipisaneternal(永恒的)theme(主题)inhumanhistory.Alifewithoutfriendshipishardtoimagine.Butwhatisfriendship?Readthefollowingtextandseeifyoucangainsomenewinsightsintothetruemeaningoffriendship.DetailedReading_t0DetailedReadingWhenweapproachthenotionoffriendship,ourfirstproblemisthatthereisalackofsociallyacknowledgedcriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend.

Inonesetting,wemaydescribesomeoneasafriend;inanother,thelabelmayseemlessappropriate.Therefore,peopletendtohaveaverythinunderstandingofwhatfriendshipreallymeans.Tohelpusunderstandwhatfriendshipreallymeans,weneedtoreviewsomeclassicalviewsoffriendship.OneclassicalviewoffriendshipisprovidedbyAristotle,thefamousancientGreekphilosopher.Aristotledistinguishesbetweenwhathebelievestobegenuinefriendshipsandtwootherforms:onebasedonmutualusefulness,theotheronpleasure.So,accordingtoAristotle,wemayfindthreekindsoffriendship:WhatIsFriendship?MicheleE.Doyle&MarkK.SmithDetailedReading_t1DetailedReadingFriendshipbasedonutility.Utilityisanimpermanentthing:itchangesaccordingtocircumstances.Whenthegroundforfriendshipdisappears,thefriendshipalsobreaksup.Friendshipsofthiskindseemtooccurmostfrequentlybetweentheelderly,becauseattheiragewhattheywantisDetailedReading_t2DetailedReadingnotpleasurebututility.Friendshipsbasedonutilityarealsofrequentlyfoundamongthoseinmiddleorearlylifewhoarepursuingtheirownadvantage.Suchpersonsdonotspendmuchtimetogether,becausesometimestheydonotevenlikeoneanother,andthereforefeelnoneedofsuchanassociationunlesstheyaremutuallyuseful.Theytakepleasureineachother’scompanyonlyinsofarastheyhavehopesofadvantagefromit.themoment.Astheygrowup,however,theirtasteschangetoo,sothattheyarequicktomakeandtobreakfriendships.Thatiswhytheyfallinandoutoffriendshipquickly,changingtheirattitudeoften,evenwithinthesameday.

DetailedReading_t3DetailedReadingFriendshipbasedonpleasure.Friendshipbetweentheyoungisthoughttobegroundedonpleasure,becausethelivesoftheyoungareregulatedbytheirfeelings,andtheirchiefinterestsareintheirownpleasureandtheopportunityofFriendshipbasedongoodness.Perfectfriendshipisbasedongoodness.Onlythefriendshipofthosewhoaregood,andsimilarintheirgoodness,isperfect.Theconductofgoodmenisthesameorsimilar.Itisbetweengoodmenthatbothloveandfriendshiparechieflyfoundandinthehighestform.Suchfriendshipsarerareandtheyneedtimeandintimacy;AnotherclassicalviewoffriendshipcanbefoundinthewritingsofCicero,anancientRomanstatesmanandorator.AccordingtoCicero,truefriendshipisonlypossiblebetweengoodmen.Hefurtherdefines“thegood”as“thosewhoseactionsandlivesleavenoquestionastotheirhonor,purity,equity,andliberality;whoarefreefromgreed,lust,andviolence;andwhohavethecourageoftheirconvictions.”Thefriendshipbetweengoodmen,basedonvirtue,doesoffermaterialbenefits,butitdoesnotseekthem.Allhumanbeingsarebondedtogetherinacommunityofsharedreason.Therefore,infriendshipsforasthesayinggoes,truefriendsmustgothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether.

Andnotwopersonscanaccepteachotherandbecomefriendsuntileachhasprovedtotheotherthatheisworthyoflove,andsowonhistrust.Thewishforfriendshipmaydeveloprapidly,buttruefriendshipdoesnot.DetailedReading_t4DetailedReadingThus,wemayseethatthetraditionalideaoffriendshipismadeupofthreecomponents:Friendsmustenjoyeachother’scompany;theymustbeusefultooneanother;andtheymustshareacommitmenttothegood.Accordingtotheclassicalviews,virtuousfriendsareboundtogether,astheyrecognizeeachother’smoralexcellence.DetailedReading_t5DetailedReadingandrelationships,thosewhopossessanysuperioritymustregardthemselvesasequalsofthosewhoarelessfortunate.Itisvirtuethatcreatesandpreservestruefriendship.DetailedReading_t6DetailedReadingToperceiveafriend,therefore,istoperceiveoneself;andtoknowafriendistoknowoneself.Eachcanbesaidtoprovideamirrorinwhichtheothermayseehimself.Throughnetworksofsuchvirtuousfriends,wecandevelopasharedideaofthegoodandpursueittogether.Friendshipofthiskindispermanent,becauseinitareunitedalltheattributesthatfriendsoughttopossess.1.Whatare“sociallyacknowledgedcriteria”?Whenweapproachthenotionoffriendship,ourfirstproblemisthatthereisalackofsociallyacknowledgedcriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend.DetailedReading_t1_When…DetailedReading“Sociallyacknowledgedcriteria”areestablishedstandardsthatareacceptedbyallthepeopleinthesociety.2.Translatethissentence.我们探讨友谊这个概念时，遇到的第一个问题是，没有社会公认的择友标准。Inonesetting,wemaydescribesomeoneasafriend;inanother,thelabelmayseemlessappropriate.DetailedReading_t1_Inonesetting…Whatdoesthissentenceimply?Thecriteriaforfriendshipvaryfromsettingtosetting.DetailedReadingTheytakepleasureineachother’scompanyonlyinsofarastheyhavehopesofadvantagefromit.DetailedReading_t2_They…1.Dotheyenjoybeingtogetherpurelybecausetheylikeeachother?No,theyaretogetherjustbecausetheyexpecttobenefitfromtheirrelationship.DetailedReading2.Translatethissentence.只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时候，才会乐于呆在一起。Friendshipbetweentheyoungisthoughttobegroundedonpleasure,becausethelivesoftheyoungareregulatedbytheirfeelings,andtheirchiefinterestsareintheirownpleasureandtheopportunityofthemoment.DetailedReading_t3_Friendship…1.Whatdoyoungpeoplecaremostwhenmakingfriends?Theycaremostabouttheirownfeelings,theirownpleasureandwhetherthereisanimportantopportunityatthepresenttime.DetailedReading2.Translatethissentence.年轻人之间的友谊常被看作是建立在愉悦基础之上的，因为年轻人的生活受感情支配，他们感兴趣的主要是自己的快乐和眼前的重要机会。Thatiswhytheyfallinandoutoffriendshipquickly,changingtheirattitudeoften,evenwithinthesameday.DetailedReading_t3_ThatisWhatcanweinferfromthissentence?Youngpeople’sfriendshipistemporary,becausetheattitudetheyholdtofriendshipisalwayschanging.DetailedReadingOnlythefriendshipofthosewhoaregood,andsimilarintheirgoodness,isperfect.DetailedReading_t3_Thatis1.Whatdoesthissentenceimply?Perfectfriendshipexistsonlybetweenpeoplewhoareequallygood.DetailedReading2.Translatethissentence.只有那些品德高尚而且拥有相似美德的人之间的友谊才是完美的。Itisbetweengoodmenthatbothloveandfriendshiparechieflyfoundandinthehighestform.DetailedReading_t3_Itisbetween…Paraphrasethissentence.Loveandfriendshiparemainlyfoundbetweengoodpeopleandtheloveandfriendshipareofthebestquality.DetailedReadingAndnotwopersonscanaccepteachotherandbecomefriendsuntileachhasprovedtotheotherthatheisworthyoflove,andsowonhistrust.DetailedReading_t4_Andno…1.Howcantwopersonsbecomerealfriends?Onlywheneachhasprovedthathedeservestheloveoftheotherandthushaswontheother’strust.DetailedReading2. Translatethissentence.只有当两个人互相证明自己值得爱并赢得对方的信任之后，彼此方能接受对方为朋友。Hefurtherdefines“thegood”as“thosewhoseactionsandlivesleavenoquestionastotheirhonor,purity,equity,andliberality;whoarefreefromgreed,lust,andviolence;andwhohavethecourageoftheirconvictions.”DetailedReading_t4_Hefurther…1. Whatdoestheexpression“havethecourageoftheirconvictions”mean?Itmeans“bebraveenoughtosayandactonwhattheythinkisrighteventhoughotherpeoplemaynotagreeorapprove.”DetailedReading2. Translatethissentence.他进而将“好人”定义为“那些行为和生活无损于自己的荣誉、纯洁、公平和开明的人；那些摆脱了贪婪、欲念和暴力的人；那些敢于依照自己的信念说话和做事的人。”…andtheymustshareacommitmenttothegood.DetailedReading_t5_…andtheyParaphrasethissentence.…andtheybothmustdevotethemselvestopursuingwhatismorallyrightorworthyofpraise.DetailedReadingnotion:n.anidea,belieforconceptDetailedReading_t1_notion1Ourmanagementsystemisbasedonthenotionsofpersonalequalityandliberty.DetailedReadingShehasnonotionofthedifficultyofthisproblem.我们的管理体系是基于人的平等观念和自由观念而建立的。1.Sheseemedunfamiliarwiththethateveryoneshouldhaveanequalopportunity.2.Ihavenohowshemanagedtodothis.3.Ihadasillythathewouldcomebackandbegmeforforgiveness.4.Don’tgetanyaboutrevenge.DetailedReading_t1_notion2DetailedReading这些名词均有“思想”，“观点”，“观念”之意。最为普通，几乎适用于任何