高考必考语法改错之被动语态十大经典错误

高考必考语法改错被动语态错中学易掌握印象深永不忘歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。★被动语态的构成。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1．am/is/are+done一般现在时2．has/havebeendone现在完成时3．am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时4．was/weredone一般过去时5．hadbeendone过去完成时6.was/werebeingdone过去进行时.7．shall/willbedone一般将来时例8．should/wouldbedone过去将来时例9．shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时（少用）

10．should/wouldhavebeendone过去将来完成时（少用）被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而上变化。【改错】

注意！1.Thebookgotwrittenbyhim.特点1通常不接bysb.，但有时接bysth.。特点2用get的地方，一般可用be代替，但用be的地方不一定能用get代替。特点3get多用于一般过去时。特点4这种结构大多是表示状态的系表结构。如：Hegotdrunk.他喝醉了。被动语态十大经典错误例析was__“get+过去分词”的四个特点get+pp(过去分词)的用法(getdone结构)get是系动词，后接过去分词或形容词作表语，表示状语的改变，意为“被……，变得……”。它不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。

getdressed/changed

getmarried

getburnt/burned

getdrunk

getstartedgetlostgetcaughtintheraingetdamaged

getexcitedgetkilledgetpaid

gethurt穿衣服/换衣服结婚烧伤,晒黑喝醉开始迷路被雨淋湿遭到破坏激动丧命得到报酬受伤【考点】“get＋过去分词”结构。【考例】

1.

Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyouwon'thavetimeto_______________beforetheparty.(NMET04-28)2.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet．Ifnot,youmay______________byacar．(北京2002)3.—

Howaretheteamplaying﹖

—They'replayingwell,butoneofthem________．(北京2002春)4.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd，I_______________frommyfriends.(NMET2001)5.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusually

________bythehour.

getchanged“换衣服”

getrunover，

gothurt，

gotseparated，

getpaidgetchangedgetrunovergothurtgotseparatedgetpaid【改错】

注意！2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksareofferedtothenationasagift.解析：alibrary是offer的承受者，要用被动语态，又因主语(library)是单数。注意：withfivethousandbooks是alibrary是定语。被动语态十大经典错误例析is__将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题1.Alltheemployeesexceptthemanager________________(encourage)toworkonlineathome.2.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth_____________________(wash)eachyear.areencouragedarebeingwashedaway语法填空：3.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourcitysince2000.

【改错】takeplace和happen都是不及物动词或短语，不能用于被动语态。breakout,breakin，belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto,rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie,occur等都属于不及物动词（词组）不能用于被动语态。\被动语态十大经典错误例析不及物动词或短语Thetrafficaccidentwashappenedyesterday.I’llcomeafterthemeetingiftime____________(permit).Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.permits\\\\我练、我练、我练练！【改错】

注意！4.IYourpronunciationshouldbepaidattention.有些短语动词相当于及物动词也有被动语态。短语动词变成被动语态时，不能把后面的介词或副词漏掉。被动语态十大经典错误例析to^短语动词变成被动语态介词、副词不能丢1.Thedoctorhasbeensent_______.(介词)2.Yourhomeworkshouldbehanded______afterclass(副词)3.Womenwerelookeddown____intheolddays.4.Hishousewasbroke__________byathieflastnight.5.Newly-bornbabiesaretakengoodcare____inhospital.forin语法填空：upon/onintoof6.Thepatientisbeingoperated____.on短语动词常见的有：catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,setfireto,takecareof,takeholdof,takenoticeof,keepaneyeon7.Goodcaremust____________babies,particularlywhiletheyareill.betakenof

betakenof解析：由固定短语takegoodcareof(好好照看)是可知，goodcare与take是被动关系【改错】

注意！5.ShewasheardsinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.有些动词如see,hear,watch,notice,listento,let,make等，要求不带不定式符号to的不定式做宾语补足语，但变成被动语态时要加上不定式符号to,原来的宾语变成主语，原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。被动语态十大经典错误例析to^1.Theboywasmade____crybyhissister.语法填空：toBut:Thestrangewasletgo.【改错】

注意！61.WhomwasEnglishspokeninthenextroomjustnow?WhospokeEnglishinthenextroomjustnow?(主动语态)先把who当作主语sb变为被动语态，得到下面的句子。Englishwasspokenbywhominthenextroomjustnow?疑问词要放在句首变为：WhomwasEnglishspokenbyinthenextroomjustnow?介词by可以同whom一起放在前面，也可以放在后面。被动语态十大经典错误例析by^62.Frenchisalsotaughtbyourschool.【改错】by引出动作发出者;我们学校也教法语。翻译成OurschoolalsoteachesFrench.是错误的。当动作的执行者没有必要指明或为大家所知时，通常用被动语态。Frenchisalsotaughtinourschool.in_被动语态十大经典错误例析1.Peopleshouldbestopped______cuttingmoretrees.语法填空：fromstop/prevent/keepsb/sth(from)doingsth阻止„„干某事。在主动语态中from可以省去，变成被动句sb/sthbestopped/preventedfromdoingsth.from不可省。Keepsb/sthfromdoingsth意思也是“阻止„„干（做）„„事”无论在主动语态或被动语态中，from不能省去,若省去from就变成keepsb/sthdoingsth使某人一直干某事。2.________wasthenewbridgebuilt?3.Thedoctorisknown_____usall.4.Themedicalteamismadeup___twodoctorsandtennurses.Bywhomtoof【改错】

注意！5.Thejobhadbetterbeenfinishedaheadoftime.含hadbetter的句子由主动语态变为被动语态时作用相当于一个情态动词，同can,may,must等，变为被动语态时相同。类似的词组还有seemto,happento,usedto,haveto,beableto等。被动语态十大经典错误例析be___【改错】

注意！7.AmathsproblemwasdiscussedwhenIenteredtheclassroom.现在进行式的被动语态形式为am/is/are+being+过去分词。过去进行式的被动语态形式为was/were+being+过去分词。被动语态十大经典错误例析being^--Haveyoumovedintoyournewhouse?--No,it____________________(paint)now.语法填空：isbeingpainted【改错】

注意！8.Aninterestingstorywastoldmelastnight.tellsb.sth.=tellsth.tosb.Sb.betoldsth.Sth.betoldtosb.被动语态十大经典错误例析to^Thecupwithmixturewasshowed____theclass.2.Somecountrymusicwasplayed_____us.3.Aquestionwasasked___mebyhim.toforofbring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。【改错】

注意！9.Theyhavemarriedfor2years.强调状态被动语态十大经典错误例析been^10.Thisbookissoldwellhere.【改错】有些动词，如act,add,brush,burn,clean,cook,count,cut,draw,drive,keep,lock,look,open,read,sell,smell,smoke,strike,wash,wear,write等，其主动形式在一些具体场合表示被动意义。这类句子的特点是：主语往往是“物”而不是“人”。另外，后面往往带有well这一类副词或者修饰主语的形容词。selling___被动语态十大经典错误例析主动表被动Thiskindofcloth______(wash)well.Thesoup________(taste)wonderful.语法填空：washestastestaste,feel,look,sound,smell,appear等，后接形容词作表语，不可用于被动语态。主动表被动3.Thepatientneeds_________________.(takecareof)takingcareoftobetakencareofneed,want,require三个词的主语是后面跟的动词的承受者时，动名词用主动形式，表示被动意思.不定式用被动形式，句型为：sb/sthneeds/wants/requiresdoing/tobedone4.Eggswon’t__________(keep)longinsummer.5.Englishisnoteasy___________(learn).6.Pleaselendmeapen_______(write).keeptolearntowritewithThemeatdidn’tcookwell.(主动句)Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.(被动句)非谓语动词用主动形式表被动意义的6种场合（详见非谓语动词）①在作表语或补语的形容词后作状语的不定式，用主动表被动。②在have，with，therebe后的名词后的不定式，表示“有…要…”时，用主动表示被动。③在This/That/These/Thosebe后的名词后的不定式，用主动表被动。④不定式toblame，tolet等作表语时，用主动表示被动。⑤在表示“（某物）需要”的need，want，require等后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。⑥在beworth后的动名词用主动表示被动【改错】

注意！11.ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundonOctober1,1949.find-found-foundfound-founded-founded被动语态十大经典错误例析founded——【改错】

注意！12.Wetclothesareoftenhangedupnearafireinrainyweather.hang-hanged-hanged绞死；上吊hang-hung-hung悬挂被动语态十大经典错误例析hung——【改错】

注意！13.Onlyaftermyfriendcame

didthecomputerrepaired.（NMET2005福建卷）

将语态与倒装结合起来命题被动语态十大经典错误例析was—Ican’tseeanycoffeeinthiscupboard.

Hasitallbeenfinished

?(NMET2005春)

1

---Sowhatistheprocedure?

【2013北京】

---Alltheapplicants_________(interview)beforeafinaldecision_________(make)bytheauthority.

【填空】areinterviewed被动语态第一题

【解析】考查动词的语态和时态。句中applicants与interview之间为被动关系，应使用被动语态；且句子所描述的为一般情况，故用一般现在时态的被动语态。注意！

核心指数☆☆☆☆☆

难度指数☆☆☆☆☆No.1ismade一般现在时1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection________________(complete).(NMET1994)2.Wewon’tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations______________________(make).（2014天津卷）3.Hundredsofjobs__________________(lose)ifthefactorycloses.iscompletedhavebeenmadewillbelost 【解析】通常说来。在时间状语从句中使用一般现在时代替将来时，前面的主句中使用将来时。在高中英语中也使用现在完成时代替将来时，表示到将来某个时间已经完成的事情。句义：直到所有的准备工作都做好以后，我们才开始工作。复合句中，从句用一般时表将来语法填空：2.ItissaidthattheearlyEuropeanplaying-cards________________(design)forentertainmentandeducation.(辽宁卷06-31)【填空】weredesigned被动语态第二题

★表示过去某个时候发生的被动动作，用一般过去时的被动语态；注意！

核心指数☆☆☆☆☆

难度指数☆☆☆☆No.2一般过去时3.Morepatients_________________(treat)inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.(NMET2004，江苏，26)【填空】havebeentreated被动语态第三题

根据thisyear确定为现在完成时。。注意！

核心指数☆☆☆☆☆

难度指数☆☆☆☆No.3现在完成时4.Althoughthecausesofcancer____________________(uncover),wedonotyethaveanypracticalwaytopreventit.(山东卷06-28)

【填空】arebeinguncovered被动语态第四题

表示现阶段正在发生的被动动作，用现在进行时的被动语态。注意！

核心指数☆☆☆☆☆

难度指数☆☆☆☆No.4现在进行时5.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium____________________(complete)inBeijing.(上海2003春)【填空】hadbeencompleted被动语态第五题

由由短语Bytheendoflastyear可知完成这一动作发生在过去的过去.表示过去某个时候之前发生的被动动作，用过去完成时的被动语态。注意！

核心指数☆☆☆☆☆

难度指数☆☆☆☆No.5过去完成时6.ThemayorofBeijingsaysthatallconstructionworkfortheBeijingOlympics_______________________________(complete)by2006.(2004高考北京卷-27)【填空】willhavebeencompleted被动语态第六题

表示从现在看在将来某一时间之前完成的被动动作，用将来完成时的被动语态；注意！

核心指数☆☆☆

难度指数☆☆☆☆No.6将来完成时7.Therice___________________________(burn)ifyouhadbeenmorecareful.(MET1988)【填空】wouldnothavebeenburnt被动语态第七题

虚拟语气注意！

核心指数☆☆

难度指数☆☆☆☆☆No.7虚拟语气8.Themistakeyou'vemademust_________(correct)atonce.('90)Coalcan___________(use)toproduceelectricityforagriculture