2023学年完整版Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars设计8

Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars教学设计单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇部分词语辨析1.loudly/loud/aloud2.unlike/dislike3.remain/leave4.climate/weather5.nowthat/since/because/as词形变化1.violentadj.强暴的，猛烈的violencen.暴力，强暴；猛烈violentlyadv.强暴地；猛烈地2.fundamentaladj.基本(础.的n.[pl.]基本原则(法则.fundamentallyadv.基本地；根本地fundamentn.基础；根本3.developmentn.生长，发展；新情况developvt.发展；产生vi.生长；发展developedadj.发达的developingadj.发展的4.layvt.放下；摆设；产(蛋.lay---laid---laid---layinglievi.躺，平放；位于lie---lay---lain---lyinglien.&vi.谎话；说谎lie---lied---lied---lying5.preventvt.预防，防止preventionn.预防；阻止；妨碍preventableadj.可防止的，可预防的6.gentleadj.和蔼的；轻柔的gentlyadv.温和地；静静地7.physicsn.物理，物理学physicistn.物理学家physicaladj.身体的；物理(学.的；物质的重点单词1.systemn.[c]系统；体系；制度；方法2.layvt.(laid,laid,laying.把……放下；摆设；铺(地毯.；产(蛋.3.harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的4.existvi.存在；生存5.puzzlev.使.迷惑；使.苦思n.谜；难题6.pullv.拉，拖，拔；移动n.拉，拖；拉(引力)7.cheervt.&vi.使.高兴、振奋；对.欢呼重点词组1.tobeginwith以……开始；由……作为开头；首先2.intime及时；最终；迟早3.inone’sturn轮到某人；接着4.prevent...from使……不做事；阻止……做某事5.blockout挡住（光线）6.beoff=setoff出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张7.breakout(灾难、战争等)突发；爆发8.watchout密切注视；当心；提防重点句子1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.2.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.3.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.重点语法宾语从句和表语从句（见语法部分）语言要点（模块）Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料).1.loudly/loud/aloud【解释】loudlyadv响亮地，高声地loudadj/adv与sing,speak,talk连用aloudadv相对默读而言；出声【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1..Willyoupleasespeak______?2..ItisgoodforyoutoreadEnglish______everymorning.3..Thebombexploded______.4..Ishervoice______enough?5..Actionspeaks______thanwords(事实胜于雄辩..Keys:1..louder2..aloud3..loudly4..loud5..louder2.unlike/dislike【解释】unlikeprep.不像，和……不同adj.[作表语]不相似；不同dislikevt./n.不喜爱，厌恶【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1..Agoodhotelmanagershouldknowhisregularguests’likesand______.2..Herlatestnovelisquite______herearlierwork.3..Ifyougoonlikethatyou’llgetyourself_______(like..4..Iwasveryinterestedinthelecture,______manyofthestudents.Keys:1..dislikes2..unlike3..disliked4..unlike3.remain/leave【解释】remainvi.仍然是；留下；剩下常用句型：remain+n.仍然是remain+adj./adv./prep.仍然是remain+v-ed/v-ing仍然是remaintobedone有待去做，依然要做leavevt.剩下，忽略或未拿或未带（某物），使或让（某人、事物）处某状态﹑某地等常用句型：leavesb.sth./leavesth.tosb.给某人留下某物leavesth(forsb.)留下，交待下(某物).leavesthtosb将某物遗赠给某人remaining/left两者都可以作形容词，表示“剩下的”，前者用于被修饰的名词之前，后者用于被修饰的名词之后。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1..Someone______youthisnotewhileyouwereout.2..Aftertheearthquake,little______ofthevillage.3..Heusedthe______moneytobuyadictionary.4..Afterbuyingthedictionary,hehadnotmuchmoney______.5..Arrivinghome,IfoundthatI’d______mykeyintheoffice.6..Don’tleaveher______(wait).outsideintherain.7..Sheremained_______(change).afteralltheseyears.8..Agreatmanythingsremain_______(do)..Keys:1..left2..remained3..remaining4..left5..left6..waiting7..unchanged8..tobedone4.climate/weather【解释】climate指从长时间的范围来看某地的平均气候或经常性的气候；weather指某地一时的天气，如寒暖、晴雨和干湿的变化情况。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1..Weshallgooutforapicnictomorrowifthe_______isfine.2..Adrier_______wouldbegoodforyourhealth.3..Icouldn’timaginewhatitwouldbeliketoliveinahot________.4..The_______ofourcountryismild,butindividualplacesexperiencebad________.Keys:1..weather2..climate3..climate4..climate;weather5.nowthat/since/because/as【解释】都可引导原因状语从句，语气最强的是because，引导直接而明确的原因，也用来回答why的问句或用于强调句型；其次是since/nowthat，表示已知或明显的原因，再次是as，引导的原因是不言而喻、显而易见的；for引导的是并列分句，表推测或判断的原因，前面有逗号隔开。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1.._______everybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.2.Itwas_______hewasillthathedidn’tgotoschool.3..Itmusthaverainedlastnight,_______thegroundisallwet.4.._______wearealone,wecanspeakfreely.Keys:1..since/nowthat2..because3..for4..Now(that.Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1.violentadj.强暴的，猛烈的violencen.暴力，强暴；猛烈violentlyadv.强暴地；猛烈地2.fundamentaladj.基本(础.的n.[pl.]基本原则(法则.fundamentallyadv.基本地；根本地fundamentn.基础；根本3.developmentn.生长，发展；新情况developvt.发展；产生vi.生长；发展developedadj.发达的developingadj.发展的4.layvt.放下；摆设；产(蛋.lay---laid---laid---layinglievi.躺，平放；位于lie---lay---lain---lyinglien.&vi.谎话；说谎lie---lied---lied---lying5.preventvt.预防，防止preventionn.预防；阻止；妨碍preventableadj.可防止的，可预防的6.gentleadj.和蔼的；轻柔的gentlyadv.温和地；静静地7.physicsn.物理，物理学physicistn.物理学家physicaladj.身体的；物理(学.的；物质的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1..Thenaughtyboy_______(lie.)tomethatthehenthat_______(lie.)therejustnowhad______(lay.)twoeggsthedaybefore.2..Inmyopinion,________(prevent.)ismoreimportantthantreatment.3..SomeprogramsontheInternetarefullof________(violent.)andsex.4..Withthe________(develop.)ofmodernindustry,moreandmorepollutioniscaused.5..Chinaisa________(develop).countrybelongtothethirdworld.6..Thereare________(fundament.)differencesbetweenyourreligiousbeliefsandmine.7..Hisambitionistobecomeagreat________(physics.).Keys:1..lied;lay;laid 2..prevention 3..violence4..development5..developing6..fundamental7..physicistⅢ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）1.systemn.[c]系统；体系；制度；方法systematicadj有系统的;有条理的[典例]1..Thesolarsystemincludesthesunanditseightplanets.太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。2..Alcoholisbadforyoursystem.喝酒对身体有害。[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子。1..The____________(教育系统).operatesverydifferentlyintheUSandChina.2..Heintroducedusawell-designed____________(铁路系统..)Keys:1..educationalsystem 2..railwaysystem2.layvt.(laid,laid,laying.把放下；摆设；铺(地毯.)；产(蛋.)[典例]1..Helaidhishandonmyshoulder.他把手放在我的肩上。2..Whoshouldwelaytheblameon?我们该责备谁?[重点用法]lay短语：layeggs下蛋 laysth.aside把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）laysth.down把某物放下 laytheblameonsb.责备某人laythetable摆桌子 layemphasis/stressonsth.把重点放在某事上[练习]根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1..Thebird______itseggsinotherbirds’nests.2..Heisapoliticalleaderthat____________________(非常强调.)individualresponsibility.3..He______somemoney______forrainydays.Keys:1..lays 2..laysgreatstresson3..lays/puts;aside3.harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的harmn.&vt.伤害（某人）[典例]Manypeopleareawareoftheharmfuleffectsofsmoking.很多人都意识到吸烟的危害。[重点用法]beharmfultosb./sth.对……有害 doharmtosb.=dosb.harm=harmsb.对……有害；伤害……[练习]根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1..Everyoneknowsthatsmokingis______toyourhealth.2..Inmanycases,toomuchcareforchildrenfromparentsmightevendo______totheirgrowth.3..在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。_______________________________________________________________________________Keys:1..harmful 2..harm3..Readinginthesundoesalotofharmtoyoureyes.=Readinginthesundoesyoureyesalotofharm.=Readinginthesunisveryharmfultoyoureyes.4.existvi.存在；生存existencen.存在[典例]1..DoeslifeexistonMars?火星上有生命吗?2..IcanhardlyexistonthewageI’mgetting.我靠我挣的工资简直难以餬口。[重点用法]exist+prep.存在于地方 existonsth.靠某物生存[练习]用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。1..Thisplant______only______Australia.2..Canyou____________suchalowsalary?3..Idoubtthe______(exist).ofalien.Keys:1..exists;in 2..existonto3..existence5.puzzlevt.&vi.(使.迷惑)；(使.苦思)n.谜；难题puzzledadj.无法了解的；困惑的puzzlingadj.令人费解的[典例]1..Herreplypuzzledme.她的回答把我弄糊涂了。2..Theirreasonfordoingitisstillapuzzletome.他们为什麽要做此事我仍莫名其妙。[重点用法]sth.puzzlessb.某事使某人迷惑/为难 sb.bepuzzledbysth.某人对……感到迷惑puzzleabout/oversth.对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解） puzzleone’sbrain苦思苦想；绞尽脑汁solveapuzzle解决一个难题[练习]用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。1..Toexplainthe________(puzzle.)findings,heofferstwotheories.2..I_______(puzzle.)thatIhaven’theardfromLizforsolong.3..Shelistenedwitha_______(puzzle.)expressiononherface.4..Noonehasyetsucceededinexplainingthe_______(puzzle.)ofhowlifebegan.5..He_______(puzzle.)whattodonext.6.._____________________(使我困惑的事情.)iswhyheleftthecountrywithouttellinganyone.Keys:1..puzzling2..ampuzzled3..puzzled4..puzzle5.waspuzzled6..Whatpuzzlesme6.pullv.拉，拖，拔；移动n.拉，拖；拉(引.力[典例]1..YoupushandI’llpull.你来推，我来拉。2..Ifeltapullatmysleeveandturnedround.我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。[重点用法]pullahead(ofsb/sth.领先（於某人/物） pull(sb.back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）pulloff(sth.（指机动车辆）驶离（道路）（至路侧停车处停下） pullout(sth..拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）pullon穿，戴上（袜子、手套等） pulltogether同心协力；通力合作[练习]用pull短语的适当形式填空。1..Iarrivedasthelasttrainwas____________.2..He____________agunandaimedatthecriminal.3..Solongaswe____________,there’snomountaintopwecan’tconquer.Keys:1..pullingout 2..pulledout3..pulltogether7.cheervt.&vi.(使.高兴、振奋；(对.欢呼)cheerfuladj.高兴的cheerlessadj.不高兴的[典例]1..ThecrowdcheeredloudlyastheQueenappeared.女王出现时群众高声欢呼。2..Hewasgreatlycheeredbythenews.他听到这个消息非常高兴。[重点用法]cheersb.on为某人加油 cheer(sb.)up（使某人）更高兴或更快活[练习]用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空。1..Yourvisithasgreatly______himup.2..Thecrowd______therunners______astheystartedthelastlap.3..Youlookasthoughyouneed______up.Keys:1..cheered2..cheered;on3..cheeringⅣ.重点词组（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）1.tobeginwith=tostartwith以……开始；由……作为开头；首先[典例]Tobegin/startwith,Icouldn’tunderstandasingleword.起初，我一句也没弄明白。[重点用法]begin/startwith从……开始 begin/startsthwith从……开始……[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子。1..He______hisspeech______apoem.2..Hisspeech____________apoem.3..__________________,petsaregoodfriendsofmanylonelypeople,especiallytheold.Keys:1..began/started;with2..began/startedwith3..Tostart/ime及时；最终；迟早[典例]1..Theycaughtthebusintime.他们及时赶上了汽车。2..Ifyoukeepon,youwillsucceedintime.如果坚持下去，你们总有一天会成功的。[短语归纳]time短语：intimeforsth./todosth.及时；不迟 innotime立刻；马上 atnotime永不……atonetime有个时期；曾经；一度 atatime一次；每次attimes=sometimes有时allthetime一直；始终；老是 ontime按时；准时 bythetime到……的时候为止forthetimebeing暂时；暂且 takeone’stime不着急；慢慢来killtime消磨时间fromtimetotime不时地，间或 manyatime常常；多次 onceuponatime从前atthesametime同时；尽管如此 aheadoftime提前，提早 raceagainsttime争分夺秒timeandagain一次又一次；重复地 keeptime(钟表.走得准 keepbadtime（钟、表）走得不准takeone’stime慢慢来，别急 haveagood/nice/hardtime(in.doingsth做某事很……It’s(high/about.timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.是做某事的时候了[练习]用time短语填空。1..Theysentthemailtomejust______________,beforeI1eft.2..Williamarrivedatthetheatrejust______________fortheplaywastobeon.3..Hurryup!Theconcertwillbegin_____________________.4.._____________________willIgiveup.5..Theboylaughedandcried__________________________.6.._____________________hewasaddictedtoplayingwebgames,butnowhedevoteshimselftowriting,whichdelightshisparents.7..Don’ttrytodoeverythingatonce;takeitabit_____________________.8..You’llhaveyourownofficesoon,but____________________________you’llhavetoshareonewithme.Keys:1..ime3..innotime4..Atnotime5..atthesametime6..Atonetime7..atatime8..forthetimebeing3.inone’sturn轮到某人；接着[典例]Iwillseeyou,eachinyourturn.我将要一个接着一个地看你。[短语归纳]turn短语：inturn轮流；一个接着一个 byturns轮流；一阵……一阵……taketurns(todosth..轮流（做某物） It’sone’sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事了[练习]用turn短语填空或翻译句子。1.. Shewenthotandcold______________.2.. 我们轮流着开车。____________________________________________________________________________________3..今天轮到谁发言了？____________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1..byturns2..Wedrovethecarbyturns/inturn.=Wetookturnstodrivethecar.3..Whoseturnisittogiveaspeechtoday?4.prevent...from=stop...from=keep....from使……不做事；阻止……做某事[典例]Hisbackinjurymaypreventhimfromplayingintomorrow’sgame.他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。【用法辨析】注意:prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可省,keepsb.fromdoingsth.中from不可省略，因为keepsb.doingsth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被动语态中，三者的from都不可省；当后接sb’sdoingsth.作宾语时，只能用prevent或stop，不能用keep，因为没有keepsb’sdoingsth.的句型。[练习]根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。1..Doctorstookactionto___________________________________(防止)这种疾病的蔓延..2.. OfcourseIcan’t_______yourgoingabroad.3..警察阻止他们携带武器。_______________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1..prevent/stop/keepthediseasefromspreading2..prevent/stop3..Thepoliceprevented/stopped/keptthemfromcarryingweapons.=Theywereprevented/stopped/keptfromcarryingweapons.5.blockout挡住（光线）[典例]Thatwallblocksoutallthelight.那堵墙把光线都遮住了。[短语归纳]out短语：breakout爆发，发生 burstout大声喊叫，突然…起来 goout外出；过时；(灯.熄putout关(灯.；扑灭；生产 comeout出现，显露；出版，结果是 helpout帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境.lookout留神；注意 watchout注意；提防 findout找出，查明，发现pickout挑出，辨认出，分辨出speakout大声地说，大胆地说 thinkout仔细思考某事；想出（主意等）hangout挂出，闲逛 knockedout(拳击中.击倒，打昏 sellout售完(某种货物.，脱销turnout结果证明是 runout(of.用完，耗尽 checkout结帐离去，办妥手续离去handout分发，散发 giveout分发；用完，消耗尽；发出(光、声音等.)[练习]用out短语填空。1..Attheendoftheracehislegs______________andhecollapsedontheground.2..It’seasyto_______him_______inacrowdbecauseheisverytall.3..Hisnwebookwill______________nextmonth.4..Wethoughtitwasgoingtorain;it______________tobeafindday.5..We______________of/fromourhotelat5.tocatcha7.flight.Keys:1..gaveout2..pick;eout4..turnedout5..checkedout6.beoff=setoff出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张[典例]Thenwewereoff.随后我们就启程了。[短语归纳]off短语：getoff下车 falloff从……摔下来 takeoff脱下；起飞 keepoff远离turnoff关闭 payoff付清，还清 set...off给……送行 kickoff踢球jumpoff跳下 giveoff散发 showoff炫耀 shutoff关闭[练习]用turn短语填空或翻译。1..ItisaSundayandwe______________(不用上班).today.2..Herhusband______________onabusinesstripsomewhere.3..Therewesawasignreading,“______________thegrass”.4..Aftertenyearsofhardwork,shefinally______________allherdebts.Keys:1..areoff2..wasoff3..Keepoff4..paidoff7.breakout(灾难、战争等.)突发；爆发[典例]Firebrokeoutduringthenight.夜间突然发生了火灾。[短语归纳]break短语：breakawayfrom脱离（党派）；摆脱（控制） breakdown毁掉；坏掉；(计划/谈判).失败breakup打碎；拆散；会议.结束；分裂,解体. breakoff使.停止；中断；折断breakintosth.强行进入某处 breakone’sword/promise食言；说话不算数[练习]用break短语填空。1..Aterribletsunami______________inthesoutheasterncountriesofAsiaatChristmas,2004.2..Whendoyou______________forChristmas?3..Negotiationsbetweenthetwosideshave______________.4..Hishousewas______________lastweek.Keys:1..brokeout2..breakup3..brokendown4..brokeninto8.watchout密切注视；当心；提防[典例]Watchout!There’sacarcoming.小心!汽车来了。[重点用法]watchoutforsb/sth警惕或注意某人/事物 watchover保护；照看[练习]用watch短语填空。1..Theremusthavebeenanangel______________methatday.2..WhatproblemsshouldI_____________________whenbuyinganoldhouse?3..You’llbecomeanalcoholicifyoudon’t______________.Keys:1..watchingover2..watchoutfor3..watchoutⅤ.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.它(地球.巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石。最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。[解释]“be+不定式”结构通常用来表示“按计划或安排将要做的事情”，或表示上级对下级、父母对子女下命令，“应该做某事”或表示某事“将必然发生”。例如：1..Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:youaretogotoherofficeafterclass.你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。2..Theworstisstilltocome.更糟糕的事情还会发生。3..We’llholdameetingtomorrow.=Wearetoholdameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingistobeheldtomorrow.我们明天将开会。4..ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.这趟火车将于上午10:25到达北京。[练习]完成句子或翻译。1..Hereisamessageforyoufromyourheadteacher:you__________________toherofficeafterclass.(你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。.2..Theworstisstill____________(come..)3..We’llholdameetingtomorrow.=We__________________ameetingtomorrow.=Ameetingis__________________tomorrow.4..这趟火车将于上午10：25到达北京。________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1..aretogo2..tocome3..aretohold;tobeheld4..ThetrainistoarriveinBeijingat10:25am.2.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。[解释]此句中的made后跟带形式宾语it的复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式复合结构，“forlivetobegintodevelop”，宾语补足语是possible。再如：Shemadeitherbusinesstofindoutwhowasresponsible.她非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可。提示：常用于此结构的动词还有think，feel，find，consider等。例如：1..Wemakeitaruletogetupat6o’clockeverymorning.2..Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.3..HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。4..Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.我觉得我有责任帮助你。[练习]完成句子或翻译。1..We________________________(规定).togetupat6o’clockeverymorning.2..I__________________(发现很难.)togetalongwithhim．3..他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。____________________________________________________________________________________________4..我觉得我有责任帮助你。____________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1..makeitarule2..findithard3..HefounditimpossibletoleaveGermanyfortheUSA.4..Ithink/find/feel/consideritmydutytohelpyou.3.ButwhenItriedtostepforwardIfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。[解释]twiceas...as...“是……的两倍”，英语常见倍数的表示句型：1..倍数+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的几倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis.2..倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than“比……(多/大.几倍”)Myroomistwicelargerthanhis.3..倍数+the+表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+of“是……的长度/高度/宽度几倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。例如：1..Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。2..Therearefourtimesasmanystudentsasweexpected.到的学生是我们预计的五倍。[解释]twiceas...as...是的两倍，英语常见倍数的表示句型：1..倍数+as+adj./adv.+as“是……的几倍”Myroomistwiceaslargeashis.2..倍数+adj./adv.比较级+than“比……(多/大.)几倍”Myroomistwicelargerthanhis.3..倍数+the+表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+of“是……的长度/高度/宽度几倍”Myroomistwicethesizeofhis.注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size,height,weight,length,widthdepth等。[练习]完成句子或翻译。1..这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。__________________________________________________________________________________________2..到的学生是我们预计的五倍。Thereare____________________________________weexpected.Keys:1..Thisruleristhreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimeslongerthanthatone.=Thisruleristhreetimesthelengthofthatone.2..fourtimesasmanystudentsas课文要点（模块）Ⅰ.课文词汇填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：Astheresultof"BigBang",theviolentearthslowlysettledintoaglobe1(move.aroundthesun.Thegasseswhichweretomaketheearth's2（大气层）cameintobeingfromtheexplosionofthedustball,withwater3(follow.themwhiletheearthcooleddown.Itallowedthebeginningforlife.Manymillionsofyears4,thefirst5(极度的.smallplantsbegantoappear6thesurfaceofthewater,7(繁殖.andfillingtheseaandoceans,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Astimepassed,greenplantstakingcarbondioxideandproducing8（氧气）cametolandandgrewintoforest.Laterthechainsoflivescontinued,suchasinsects,amphibians,reptiles,dinosaursandmammals,thetypicalof9ishumanbeing.Theydon'tonlydo10totheearthbutcausedamagetoit.答案：1.moving2.atmosphere3.following4.later5.extremely6.on7.multiplying8.oxygen9.which10.goodⅡ.课文大意概括（旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语，短文解释了生命如何在地球上开始的。首先，地球爆炸和产生水。因为水的存在，然后植物和动物，包括人类逐渐在地球上出现。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Thepassageexplainshowlifebeganontheearth.Atfirst,theearthexplodedandproducedwater.Andthenplantsandanimalsincludinghumanbeingsappearedontheearthgraduallybecausewaterexistsontheearth.Ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）1【原句】Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetweenandbillionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.[模仿要点]句子结构：what＋主语从句＋is…till+时间名词＋定语从句【模仿1】他要给我什么礼物一直不知，直到昨天下文他来看我是我才知道。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whatgifthewouldgivemewasuncertainuntilyesterdayafternoonwhenhecametoseeus.【模仿2】没人知道我们将要得到什么样的工作，直到3年后我们从大学毕业以后才知道。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whatjobswewillgetisunknownuntil3yearslaterwhenwewillgraduatefromuniversity.2【原句】Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.[模仿要点]句子结构:主语从句＋is＋that表语从句【模仿1】他想告诉我们的是一天下文当他在回家的路上看见一只小鸟受伤了。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whathewantedtotellusisthatoneafternoonwhenhewasonhiswayhomehesawabirdwhichwasdying.【模仿2】他缺席的原因是他在上学时被一辆小车撞伤了。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Whyhewasabsentisthathewasbadlyhurtbyacarwhenhewenttoschool.3【原句】Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.[模仿要点]句子结构：which引导一个定语从句对上句情况的进一步说明。【模仿1】我们常常看到有人乱丢乱吐，这弄得我们的环境很脏__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Weoftenseesomepeoplethrowrubbishandspiteverywhere，whichmakesourenvironmentdirty.【模仿2】她的父母非常感激我们，医生也高度评价了我们的急救，这使得我们意识到学习急救的必要性。__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Herparentswereverythankfultousandthedoctorsthoughthighlyofourfirstaid,whichmadeusrealizethenecessityoflearningfirstaid.单元自测（模块）1完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。字数：196完成时间：14分钟难度：***Whosaid:"IfIdidn'thavebadluck,Iwouldn'thaveanyluckatall！"However，notall"badluck"shouldbeconsideredasa(n.1thing.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyou2!Inthe1920s,ErnestHemingway3somethingabout"badluck"andgotjustsuchakick.Hewas4tosucceedasawriterwhen5struck.Helostasuitcasecontainingallthemanuscripts(手稿.thathehadbeenplanningtopublish.Hemingwaycouldn'timaginedoinghisworkalloveragain.Allthosemonthsofwritingweresimply6.Hetoldafriendabouthisbadluck,whotoldhimitwasactuallyverygood7!Heassured(向...保证.Hemingwaythatwhenherewrotethestories,hewouldforgetthe8parts;onlythebestmaterialwouldreappear.HeencouragedHemingwaytostartagain,butwithoptimismand9thistime.Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.Don'tprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.Don'taskforsmallerchallenges;askforgreater10.Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!1.A.essential B.confusing C.acceptable D.bad2.A.backwards B.off C.on D.forwards3.A.learned B.said C.heard D.solved4.A.waiting B.struggling C.dreaming D.wishing5.A.challenges B.changes C.disaster D.failure6.A.buried B.failed C.wasted D.undone7.A.fortune B.result C.journey D.idea8.A.weak B.important C.good D.last9.A.knowledge B.confidence C.imagination D.luck10.A.chance B.sympathy C.wisdom D.kick答案：文章用海明威的例子来说明一个问题：当生活给你一个打击，你就借势向前。1.D 通读全文可知“不应该把所有的坏运气都看作坏事”(它也许是推动你前进的一次机会或者动力.。根据此意需要选D项2.D 根据文章最后一段可以得到提示：“Whenlifegivesyouakick,letitkickyouforwards!”当生活给你一个打击，你就借势向前。3.A 海明威通过这个“厄运”学到了一些东西。学到了/学会了要用learn表达。4.B 从第四段最后一句“Hemingwaydidrewritethestoriesandeventuallybecameaworld-famouswriter.”可知在他丢书稿的时候他尚未成名，所以是在努力(struggling.当中。5.C 即将出版的书稿丢了，这对尚未成名的海明威来说不啻是一次灾难(disaster.。6.C 这几个月的辛勤劳动的成果就这样付诸东流了(simplywasted.。7.A 他向朋友哭诉时，朋友却认为这是运气（fortune）。从下文他劝告海明威重新来写作并且取得成功可以看出来。8.A 忘记那些不太有印象的东西，这些也是小说里不怎么重要或不精彩的(weak.部分。weak与thebest相对。9.B 朋友鼓励他要乐观(optimism.，要有自信心(confidence.，而confidence与optimism并列，表达相近的意思。10.C 从前一句的“Don’tprayforfewerproblems;prayformoreability.”可知不是要祈祷问题会减少，而应该去起到自己获得更大的能力。那么，下一句：不是祈祷少一些挑战，而应该祈祷自己具备更高的智慧(greaterwisdom.来应对这些挑战。不是寻找一个简单的解决途径，而是要可能的最佳的方法。2.语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1—10的相应位置上。字数：143完成时间：8分钟难度：***OnWednesdaymorningateleveno'clock,IwaswalkingdownMainStreet.Ihadjustparkedmycar.SuddenlyIheardtwoshots.Ithoughtthey1(come.fromthebank.Irantowardthebank.Isawaman2(come.out.Hewasshortandfat3abigmoustache.More4(importance.,hehadabagofmoneyandaguninhishands!5Icoulddoanything,heranupthestreet6disappearedbehindabus.ThatafternoonIwenttothemovies.7happened?Isawthethiefagainatthefootofthestairs!Itelephonedthepolicefromatelephonenexttotherestrooms.Thepolicearrivedin8thanfiveminutes.Theyarrestedthethiefjustashe9(buy.achocolatebarfromthecandymachine.Whatanexcitingday!Andbestofall,thebankgaveme10$100reward.答案：1．hadcome考查动词的过去完成时态，表枪声在我想／认为之前发生：2．Coming考查动词短语seesomebodydoingsth．的结构：3．with介词，"有，具有"：4．importantlymoreimportantly表“更重要的是”：5．Before时间状语从句，表“在……之前”：6．andand连接ranup...和disappeared两个动作，表并列关系：7．WhatWhathappened?是固定句型，表惊讶：8.1esslessthan5minutes表“不到五分钟”。9．wasbuying过去进行时态，表当时正在买巧克力时，警察逮捕了他：10．a表一份奖品：3.信息匹配阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请阅读下列某书店各书架的相关信息：SectionA:Do-It-YourselfSection---Ontheseshelvescustomerscanfindthelatestmanualsonhowtodoeverythingfrombuildingacomputertoconstructin