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TimeandMotionStudy
RebeccaJohnstonOperationsManagementDr.Foster1TimeandMotionStudy:DefinedAmethodcreatedtodeterminethe‘correcttime’ittakestocompleteacertaintaskAmethodtoestablish‘theonebestwaytoperformatask’2TimeandMotionStudy:PurposesToend‘goofingoff’andtoestablishwhatconstitutedafairdaysworkTomakesurethatthejobbeingevaluateddoesnotincludeanyunnecessarymotionbytheworker3TimeandMotionStudy:HistoryFrederickW.TaylorandhisfollowersdevelopedandrefinedtheTimeStudyFrankB.GilbrethandhiswifeLilliandevelopedandrefinedtheMotionStudyHistoricallythetwostudiesarediscussedindividually,todaytheygenerallyarediscussedasone4TimeandMotionStudy:InyourOrganization Historically:T&MStudieswereusedinthemanufacturingindustrytoevolvepayscaleswiththethoughtthatmoneywastheonlymotivationforwork5TimeandMotionStudy:InyourOrganization
cont’dToday:T&MStudiescanbeeffectiveforperformanceevaluationsT&MStudiescanbeusedforplanningpurposesinordertopredictthelevelofoutputthatmaybeachievedT&MStudiescanbeusedtouncoverproblemsandcreatesolutionsT&MStudiescanbeusedfortimecostanalysis6TimeandMotionStudy:ObjectiveTheobjectiveoftheTimeandMotionStudyistodeterminea‘normal’oraveragetimeforajob,byusingobserverstorecordexactlyhowmuchtimeisbeingdevotedtoeachtask.7HowitWorksStep-by-Step1.Establishthestandardjobmethod.2.Breakdownthe jobintoelements3.Studythejob.4.Ratetheworker’sperformance8HowitWorksStep-by-Stepcont’d5.Computetheaveragetime6.Computethenormaltime
Nt=(t)(RF)or NormalTime=(elementalaveragetime) (ratingfactor)7.Computethestandardtime
ST=(Nt)(1+AF)or StandardTime=(Normalcycletime)(1+Allowancefactor)
9TimeandMotionStudy:
InActionHowdomedicalresidentsspendtheirtimeatthehospital?
10InActioncont’’d1.Coders/observerstrainingwasthe2.Activitieswerebrokendownintoseparatecategories,67intotal3.Theexactnumberofminutespertaskweredetermined4.Percentagesoftimedevotedtoeachtaskwerecalculated11InActioncont’’dAtotalof13,383minutesofactivitieswereobservedbetweenthe8residentsResidentswereinvolvedin1,726codedactivitiesTheseactivitiesaveraged7.75minuteseachwithastandarddeviationof14.5minutes12TimeandMotionStudy:ExerciseElementt(min)RF12.511.1025.291.1534.211.1043.571.05Computethestandardtimeforthisjobusinganallowancefactorof20percent.13SolutionUsetheformula(t)(RF)=NtElement1(.251)(1.10)=.2761Element2(.529)(1.15)=.6084Andsoonforelement3and4ElementT(min)RFtNt12.576125.291.15.529.608421.463143.571.05.357.3749TogetthenormalcycletimeyousumtheNtvalues.Here=1.73min14SolutionTocomputethestandardtimeusethe20percentallowancefactorNt(1+AF)=STHere1.73(1+.20)=2.08Sothestandardtimeforeachelementofthisjobis2.08minutes15TimeandMotionStudy:ProblemsObserversarenotalwayscompetentThoseconductingthestudyarenotalwaysproficientinthejobbeingobservedTheactionsobservedarenotalwaysreflectiveofthegroupasawhole16TimeandMotionStudy:Problemscont’’dWorkersmaynotcooperatewithatimeandmotionstudy:TheymayresentthestudyifitisbeingusedtodeterminethepayscaleWorkersmaychangetherateatwhichtheyworkPressuremayincreasemistakesmadeWorkersmayalternormalworkmethodstodisruptthestudy17ReferencesFerguson,DavidS.,Don’tCallit“timeandmotionstudy”,IITSolutions,Norcross.May1997.Vol.29,Issue5.Finkler,StevenA.,AComparisonofwork-samplingandtime-and-motiontechniquesforstudiesinhealthservicesresearch,HealthServiceResearch,Chicago.Dec1993.Vol.28,Issue5.Koehler,KennethG.,TimeCostAnalysis,CMA,Hamilton.May1992.Vol.66,Issue4.Russell,Roberta;Taylor,BernardW.,OperationsManagement,PrenticeHallInc.,UpperSaddleRiver,NJ.2000.Stevens,Larry,TimeStudyPromptsNewHREfficiencies,PersonnelJournal,SantaMonica.April1994.Vol.73,Issue4.Stuttaford,Genevieve,TheOneBestWay:FredrickWinslowTaylor&theEnigmaofEfficiency,PublishersWeekly,NewYork.March17,1997.Vol.224,Issue11.189、静夜夜四无无邻,,荒居居旧业业贫。。。1月-231月-23Friday,January6,202310、雨中黄叶叶树,灯下下白头人。。。14:20:1314:20:1314:201/6/20232:20:13PM11、以我独独沈久,,愧君相相见频。。。1月-2314:20:1314:20Jan-2306-Jan-2312、故故人人江江海海别别,,几几度度隔隔山山川川。。。。14:20:1314:20:1314:20Friday,January6,202313、乍乍见见翻翻疑疑梦梦,,相相悲悲各各问问年年。。。。1月月-231月月-2314:20:1314:20:13January6,202314、他乡乡生白白发,,旧国国见青青山。。。06一一月月20232:20:13下下午14:20:131月-2315、比不了得得就不比,,得不到的的就不要。。。。一月232:20下下午1月-2314:20January6,202316、行动出成果果,工作出财财富。。2023/1/614:20:1314:20:1306January202317、做前,,能够环环视四周周;做时时,你只只能或者者最好沿沿着以脚脚为起点点的射线线向前。。。2:20:13下午午2:20下午午14:20:131月-239、没有失败败,只有暂暂时停止成成功!。1月-231月-23Friday,January6,202310、很很多多事事情情努努力力了了未未必必有有结结果果,,但但是是不不努努力力却却什什么么改改变变也也没没有有。。。。14:20:1314:20:1314:201/6/20232:20:13PM11、成功就是是日复一日日那一点点点小小努力力的积累。。。1月-2314:20:1314:20Jan-2306-Jan-2312、世间成成事,不不求其绝绝对圆满满,留一一份不足足,可得得无限完完美。。。14:20:1314:20:1314:20Friday,January6,202313、不不知知香香积积寺寺,,数数里里入入云云峰峰。。。。1月月-231月月-2314:20:1314:20:13January6,202314、意志坚坚强的人人能把世世界放在在手中像像泥块一一样任意意揉捏。。06一一月20232:20:13下午午14:20:131月-2315、楚塞三湘湘接,荆门门九派通。。。。一月232:20下下午1月-2314:20January6,202316、少年十五二二十时,步行行夺得胡马骑骑。。2023/1/614:20:1314:20:1306January202317、空山新雨雨后,天气气晚来秋。。。2:20:13下下午2:20下下午14:20:131月-239、杨柳散和风风,青山澹吾吾虑。。1月-231月-23Friday,January6,202310、阅阅读读一一切切好好书书如如同同和和过过去去最最杰杰出出的的人人谈谈话话。。14:20:1314:20:1314:201/6/20232:20:13PM11、越是没有有本领的就就越加自命命不凡。1月-2314:20:1314:20Jan-2306-Jan-2312、越越是是无无能能的的人人,,越越喜喜欢欢挑挑剔剔别别人人的的错错儿儿。。14:
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