初中英语语法名词

初中英语语法词法部分（一）名词考点一：名词单复数（了解）名词的种类：英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：专有名词普通名词国名，地名，人名，可数名词不可数名词团体，机构名称个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词规则名词复数的变化：规则变化例词1一般情况在词尾加-s，清辅音后面读/s/，浊辅音后面读/z/map-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,watch-watches,dish—dishes,box—boxes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves, wife-wives,wolf—wolves,half-halves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves加-sbelief-beliefs,roof-roofs,4以*辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加口-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities,documentary-documentaries以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys,

y结尾的，加-s5以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词有生命的加-eshero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoesmangoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,6以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,Tip:变fe为ves的口诀：小偷和妻子用架子上的刀结束了树叶和狼的生命。不规则名词复数：分类例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice,man—men,tooth—teeth,child—children,2单复数相同sheep,deer,fish,yuan,3一些名词总是用作复数cattle,staff，people，clothes，trousers，works5部分集体名词既可以作单数（表整体）也可以作复数（表其中的人或者成员）audience,class,family,couple,group,government,population,team,public,police， class， family7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese

以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,passers-by,story-tellers,无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,9名词作定语把主要名词变成复数，做定语的名词一把用单数aboystudent-someboystudents，anappletree-someappletrees,ashoefactory-someshoefactories,aneight-year-oldboy,名词作定语将两部分都变为复数awomansinger-womensingers,amanteacher-menteachers,名词作定语twosportsbags,aclothesstore-twoclothesstores10单复数意义不同fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸，卷子，论文，work工作works作品，工厂，glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,time时间times时代，次数,chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡考点二：名词所有格（了解）名词在句中表示所属关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格，相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。所有格分三种：一是名词词尾加's构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。三是双重所有格.（1）所有格的构成单数名词在末尾加‘stheboy'sfather,Jack'sbook,herson-in-law'sphotoJim'sbed,theman'swife,thefox'stail复数名词一般在末尾加’theteachers'room,thetwins'mother,

不规则复数名词后加'sthechildren'stoys,women'srights,以s结尾的人名所有格加‘s或者’Dickens'novels,Charles'sjob,theSmiths'house,thestudents'books,Teachers'Day,myboss'office,(2)有些表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命东西的名词，也可以加's构成所有格。1表示时间表示自然现象表示国家城市等地方的名词表示工作群体表示度量衡及价值today'snewspaper,fiveweeks'holidaytheearth'satmosphere,thetree'sbranchesthecountry'splan,theworld'spopulation,China'sindustrytheship'screw,majority'sview,theteam'svictoryamile'sjourney,fivedollars'worthofapples2与人类活动有特殊关系的名词thelife'stime,theplay'splot（3）of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook,amapoftheworld,thestoryofahero,thewindowsoftheroom,thetitleofthefilm（4）双重所有格在意义上与"oneof..."相似：1of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”afriendofmyfather's（我父亲的一位朋友）=oneofmyfather'sfriends,afriendofmine（我的一位朋友）=oneofmyfriends名词专项训练（一）．选择题（）1、"Itdependsonmy decision．"themothersaidandlookedathertwosons．A．childrens'B．children's C．childD．child's)2、10Septemberison Day.ATeacherBTeachersCTeacher’s DTeachers’)3、OnDay,weshouldgiveourbestwishestoourmothers.AWomanBWomen’s CWoman’sDWomen’s)4、DoyouknowwhenisDay.AFathersBFather’s CFathers’ Father)5、Fruitisgoodforhealth，soIoftenhavebreakfastwithone．A．candyB．cakeC．bananaD．hamburger)6、-Thedishesinthisrestaurantmustbeveryexpensive.-Don'tworry.Youcanenjoyyourself.It'smy.A．time B．treatC．taskD．taste( )7、-NowadaysmoreandmoreforeignersarebecominginterestedinBeijingOpera.-That'strue.It'sanimportantpartofChinese .A.cultureB.inventionC.custom()8、TheNewSilkRoadwillofferagood formorenationstocommunicate.A.chanceB.habitC.questionD.price( )9、EachcoupleinChinacanhavetwo fromJanuary1st，2016A.boyB.girlC.childrenD.child( )10、It'ssportstime.Most studentsinClass1areplayingfootballontheplayground.( )A.boyB.boysC.boy'sD.boys'( )11、weshouldshowourrespectstothose ，theyareveryimportanttous.AwomandoctorBwomendoctorCwomendoctorsDwomendoctor（）12、Thoseareallfromfamouscolleges.Amanteachers BmenteachersCman’Cman’steachersDmen’steachers（）13、Ineedtobuyapairofshoes，doyouknowwhereIcanfindashop?AshoesBshoe'sCshoes’Dshoe（ ）14、Ourschoolwillhaveameetingtomorrow,we areall very excited.AsportB sportsCsport’sDsports’TOC\o"1-5"\h\z（ ）15、Thereis anewstorenearmyhome，wouldyougo with me?Acloth BclotheCclothesD clothes’（）16、Yibinisoneofthemostbeautiful inSichuan．A．cityB．citiesC．citysDcityies（）17、Doyouknowoneofthename?（ ）AmasterBmastersCmasters’Dmaster’s（）18、Heisoneofthebestinourschool.（ ）AstudentBstudentsCstudents’D student’s（ ）19、-Therearemanyaboutthisfarm.-Yes,lotsofareplantedonit .（ ）A.photo；potatoB.photos；potatosC.photos；potatoesD.photoes；potatoes（ ）20、Tom’sfamilylarge,thereareonlyfourinit.Aaren't； people；Bisn't；peoplesCaren't；peoplesDisn't；people)21、Hisfamilyallmusiclovers.AisBareCbeDwere)22、Thegovernmentgoingtobuildadamhere.AisBareCbeDwas)23、Thegovernmenthavingmeetingsonhowtosolvetheairproblem.AareBisCwereDbe)24、thepolicelookingforhimeverywhere(. )AareBis CamDbe)25、-Howfarisyourhomefromschool-Aboutride( )A．tenminute'sB．tenminutes'C．tenminutes)26、There'llbea meetingnextweek，andmyparentswill comeforit．A．parents'；allB．parents'；bothC．parent's；allD．parent's；both)27、-Areyousurethisisaphoto ，thefamouscomedyactress？-Itsurprisedyou，didn'tit？Butshewasoncereallythin．A．JiaLingB．JiaLing'sC．ofJiaLingD．ofJiaLing's()28、"John，isthebookonthedeskyours？""No，it'smy．Sheleftithereyesterday．A．sister'sB．sisterC．sisters'()29、roomisbigandnice．A．Kate'sandJane'sB．Kate'sandJaneC．KateandJane's( )30、-Mike,whatclubdoyouwanttojoin?-Well,Iwanttojointheclub.Ilovepainting.A．chessB．sportsC．artD．English( )31、Peterdid'ttellhisparentsthathewasgoinghomebecausehewantedtogivethema A．noteB．surpriseC．callD．gift( )32、-Whatdoyoulike？Ilikeplayingtennisandrunning．A．subjectsB．musicC．sports( )33、Lilyoftenhelpshermotherdosomecookinginthe ．A．kitchenB．gardenC．bathroomD．bedroom( )34、Thebroken maycutintoyourhandifyoutouchit,youshouldbecareful．A．glassB．glassesC．candleD．Candles()35、-Mom,Iwilleatlessfastfoodthisyear,believeme．Ifyoumakea ,youmustkeepit．A．jokeB．noise C．mistakeD．promise()36、Look!Somanycolorfulbicyclesintwolinesoverthere．--They'reforpublic．This ofgreensmarttrafficiseverywhereinXiangyangcity．A．numberB．pairC．kindD．piece()37、HewasborninGermany,buthehasmadeChinahis ．A．familyB．addressC．houseD．home( )38、It'scoldtoday．Takeyour withyouwhenyougoout．A．knifeB．coatC．brush D．key( )39、-Whoisthepersonyouadmirethemos?-QianXuesen,theFatherofChina'sMissiles.HeistheofChina.A．leaderB．prideC．voice()40、WhydidLucylookunhappy？Becauseshewassocarelessthatshemademanyspelling inherhomework．A．friendsB．plansC．decisions D．mistakes( )41、Someoldpeopleneeda becausetheyfeellonely．A．giftB．stickC．petD．watch()42、It'shottoday．Havesome ，please．--No，thanks．I'mnotthirstyatall．A．waterB．potatoesC．breadD．cakes( )43、Whenthemanwentthroughtheforestalone，helosthis andfeltafraid．A．TaskB．workC．wayD．Job()44、--AreyougoingoutwithJadetonight？-That'smy．Mindyourown!A．offerB．BusinessC．questionD．chance()45、Your isveryhelpful．IguessI'lltakeit．A．secretB．adviceC．promiseD．purpose名词专项训练(二)mycousinlikesdoing(体育).Doyouknowanyofthe(child)name?Theycomefrom.theyare(England)Sheisagood(swim).(swim)intheriverisdangerous.Howmany(年级)arethereinyourschool?The(主人)ofthedogslookafterthemwell.The(swim)aretryingtheirbest.Thispictureismy(表弟).Theseclothsarethose(swim).Oneofthebasketball(play)isfromEngland.Doyouknowthe(run)overthere?Thebookmustbeoneofmy(teacher).Wehaveeleventennis(play)inournewteam.Thisisour(one)lesson.IhopeLiHua’s(dream)cometrue.Thebagisn’tmine,itmustbesomeone(else).YoucanfindLilyinthe(read)room.Thosedoctorssavedalotofpeople,theyaremy(hero).Myfriendslikeplaying(football)Afterclass,childrenwentoutoftheirclassroomtoenjoythe(warm)ofthesun.Therewere(thousand)ofpeopleattheconcert.Thereusedtobemany(wolf),butonlyafewofthemremaintoday.Adictionaryisusefulforustounderstandnewwords.(改为复数形式)usefulforustounderstandnewwords.Bytheendofthismonth,peopleinBeijingwillbeabletobrushtheir(tooth)withwaterfromHubei.Pleaseacceptourbestw(祝愿)foryourexams.Inthefamouscompetition,(获胜者)alwaysgetverygoodprize.Havingagoodisnecessaryforusall.(educate)Isawsome(German)andEnglishmendancinginthestreetthedaybeforeyesterday.HeJiong,ahostfromHunanTV,wasveryfamousinhis(twenty).Emilypublishedherfifthtwo-million-wordnovelinher.(thirty)mayliveinthedeepoceansomeday.(human)Theprogramintroducedhowthepolicedealtwithtwointhesmalltown.(robbery)Leavingthewindowsopenisjustinvitingtoenter.(thief)Wehadtogothereonfoot.Afterthetwo(hour)walk,weweretiredout.It'slimelohavearest.Let'sgooutfora(呼吸)offreshair.WhenIwasyounger,myhwascollectingstamps,butnowIlikepainting.ThereisnodoubtthatMoyanisagreat(succeed)withNobelPrize.Hemadea(decide)nottospendtoomuchtimeplayingvideogames.Don'tbeafraidofmaking.Theyhelpyoulearn.(mistake)Thousandsof(visitor)cometomyhometownSuqianeveryyear.Thesoldiersavedtheboyfromthefloodwithapieceof.(wooden)LotsofpeoplesurftheInternettolookforsomeaboutthemissingplane.(information)Whichteamdoyouthinkwillbethe(win)ofthe20thFIFAWorldCup?Myfather'sjobisdifferentfromthose(spaceman).Aftersomany(year)practice,LiNaisawell-knowntennisplayer.Inmyhometown,lotsoftreesarefullofgreenallyearround.(leaf)Thankstoyour(suggest),lgottocompletethejobintime.Lookatthe(photo).Howbeautifultheyare!Ourmoderntimesneedmoreandmore(hero)forustolearnfrom.ThekangaroocomesfromAustralia.Iteatsgrassand(leaf).Itiswell-knownthattherearefour(季节)inayear.Manypeopledonotknowthe(important)ofthewetlands.Thebeautifultoycaris(Bob).(child)Dayismyfavouritefestivalintheyear.Davidisgoodatdrawingandhe'sgoingtobean(art)whenhegrowsup.Wedolotsofoutdoor(active)whenspringcomes.Heisfriendlytohisclassmates,andhasmademany(friend)here.Manynew(potato)willgrowfromonepotatoplantedintheground.Look,Mum!Alltheboxesintheroomarefilledwith(蔬菜).Several(foreign)cametovisitourschoollastweek.Theteachersoftentalktousabouttheofsmoking.(dangerous)Whataheavy!Takeanumbrellawhenyougoout.NowIcanspeakinEnglishandkeep(日记)inEnglish.Howmany(手表)doyouhave?Whattimeisit?itisa(一刻钟)pastone.Everyday,wedomorning（锻炼）atschool.Thanksforyour（祝愿）.It’sgoodforoureyestodoeye （锻炼）..Arethereanyinyourschool?yes,weoftengotoreadbooksinit..Weenjoywatchingthe（firework）onNewYear'sEve.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z（2016•平顶山一模）Thereisnoenoughinthefridgetoputthemeat.（ ）A．spaceB．place C．floor D．ground（2016•济南一模）-Whydoyoulooksoexcited,Timmy?-I'vejustgotagood.（ ）A.newsB.jobC.adviceD.work（2016•济南一模）Mikeandhisfriendsaregoingtothe toseethenewmovietonight.（ ）A.bookshopB.restaurantC.cinemaD.concert二.填空题（共43小题）（2015•临沂）Afterclass,childrenwentoutoftheirclassroomtoenjoythe （warm）ofthesun.（2015•临沂）Therewere （thousand）ofpeopleattheconcert.（2015•安顺）Thereusedtobemany（wolf）,butonlyafewofthemremaintoday.（2015•上海）Adictionaryisusefulforustounderstandnewwords.（改为复数形式）Dictionarieusefulforustounderstandnewwords.（2015•临沂）Bytheendofthismonth,peopleinBeijingwillbeabletobrushtheir（tooth）withwaterfromHubei.（2015•安徽）Pleaseacceptourbestw（祝愿）foryourexams.（2015•青岛）Inthefamouscompetition,（获胜者）alwaysgetverygoodprize.（2015•红河州二模）Havingagood isnecessaryforusall.（educate）（2015•兴化市一模）Isawsome（German）andEnglishmendancinginthestreetthedaybeforeyesterday.（2015•兴化市一模）HeJiong,ahostfromHunanTV,wasveryfamousinhis（twenty）..（2015•青浦区二模）Emilypublishedherfifthtwo-million-wordnovelinher.（thirty）（2015•闸北区二模）mayliveinthedeepoceansomeday.（human）（2015•浦东新区一模）Theprogramintroducedhowthepolicedealtwithtwo ；inthesmalltown.（robbery）（2015•闸北区一模）Leavingthewindowsopenisjustinvitingtoenter.（thief）（2015•泗阳县模拟）Wehadtogothereonfoot.Afterthetwo（hour）walk,weweretiredout.（2014•连云港）It'slimetohavearest.Let'sgooutfora（呼吸）offreshair.（2014•广州）WhenIwasyounger,myhwascollectingstamps,butnowIlikepainting.（2014•鄂州）ThereisnodoubtthatMoyanisagreat（succeed）withNobelPrize.（2014•西藏）Hemadea（decide）nottospendtoomuchtimeplayingvideogames.（2014•上海）Don'tbeafraidofmaking.Theyhelpyoulearn.（mistake）（2014•宿迁）Thousandsof（visitor）cometomyhometownSuqianeveryyear.（201