上海民第一中学2022年高二英语上学期期末试题含解析

上海民第一中学2022年高二英语上学期期末试题含解析一、选择题1.IfIhadknownthat,I________so.A.wouldn'thavedone

B.didn'tdoC.won'tdo

D.wouldn'tdo参考答案：A【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我早知道，我就不会这样做了。此处与过去的事实相反，故答案为A。【点睛】If引导的虚拟语气：1.表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do：IfIwereyou，Iwouldtakeanumbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2.表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+havedone：IfIhadgotthereearlier，Ishould/wouldhavemether.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）3.表示与将来事实相反从句：①if+主语+weretodo②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+动词一般过去式（be动词用were）主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do:Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow，Iwouldtalktohim.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）2.Iwasadmittedintoafamousuniversity.Mysuccess________mepleasedwithmyself,butIdidn’t.A.mighthavemade

B.mightmake

C.shouldhavemade

D.shouldmake参考答案：C3.Wehadto________hundredsofpeoplebecauseallticketsweresoldout.A.turndown

B.turnoff

C.turnaway

D.turnover参考答案：C4.StephenHawking,

“thegreatestgeniusofthelate20thcentury”,announcedthattherearereallygreyholesintheuniverse. A.calling

B.tocall

C.tobecalled

D.called参考答案：D试题分析：考查过去分词。句意：StephenHawking，被称为二十世纪晚期最伟大的天才，宣称在宇宙中真的有灰色的洞。过去分词作后置定语，故选D。【知识拓展】aboycalledTom一个叫Tom的男孩；aboycallingTom一个自称叫Tom的男孩。5.CharlieChaplin’sperformancegreatlyamusedaudiences________theirnationalityorculture.A.becauseof

B.exceptfor

C.regardlessof

D.thanksto

参考答案：C略6.Icanneverfinishmycompositionintheexam.There’s____time_____.

A.suchlittle,leaving

B.soalittle,left

C.suchalittle,leave

D.solittle,left参考答案：D7.Thetrainisrunning______120kilometresanhour.

A.ataspeed

B.atthespeed

C.ataspeedof

C.onaspeedof参考答案：C8.Driversarewarnedthatitisdangeroustotalkonthephonewhile

.A.drive

B.driving

C.driven

D.todrive参考答案：B9.Truefriendshipislikesoundhealth,________thevalueisseldomknownuntilitislost.

A.fromwhich

B.which

C.ofwhich

D.whose参考答案：C略10.Onlyinthisway______ourgoals.A.wecanreach

B.canwearrive

C.wecanarrive

D.canwereach参考答案：D11.Somepeoplearecolor1-blindedandcannot______betweenblueandgreen.

A.distinguish

B.divide

C.recognize

D.identify参考答案：A12.—Jack,doyoufeellikegoingwithustothebeachthisweekend?

一Itmayrain.

，Iwillgowithyou;Idon’tmindtherain.A.Somehow B.Otherwise C.Instead

D.Anyhow参考答案：D13.Thefactthatshewasforeignmade_____difficultforhertogetajobinthatcountryA.so

B.much

C.that

D.it

参考答案：D14.Onereasonformy______forlivinginthecountrysideisthatithasnoairpollutionortrafficjams.A.preference B.attitude C.explanation D.request参考答案：A【知识归纳】reason做主语后面的表语从句用that引导。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathismotherwasill.他迟到的理由是他妈妈病了。15.Ourmanagermightreturnfromabroadthecomingweekend,butnobody_______abletofinishourtaskbythen.A.hasbeen

B.willhavebeen

C.hadbeen

D.was参考答案：B16.Afterthat,heknewhecould__anyemergencybydoingwhathecouldtothebestofhisability.A.getawaywith B.getonwith C.getthrough D.getacross参考答案：C答案C[句意：(经历过)那件事以后，他知道只要他尽自己所能就能处理任何紧急情况。tothebestof尽……所能。getawaywith携……潜逃；(做了坏事)逍遥法外；getonwith进展；相处；getthrough通过；完成；getacross过(马路、桥等)；使(人)了解自己的意思。由句意可知，C项正确。]二、新的题型17.Bothmenandwomenarelivinglongerthesedaysinindustrializedcountries.___11___Ingeneral,theycanexpecttolivesixorsevenyearsmorethanmen.Onereasonforthisisbiological.Oneimportantbiologicalfactorthathelpswomenlivelongeristhedifferenceinhormonesbetweenmenandwomen.___12___Betweentheagesofabout12and50,womenproducehormonesthatareinvolvedinfertility(生育能力).Thesehormonesalsohaveapositiveeffectontheheartandbloodflow.Infact,womenarelesslikelytohavehighbloodpressureortodiefromheartattacks.___13___Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygersicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:women,onaverage,getfewercoldsthanmen.___14___Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawoman’sbodycellshaveatendency(向)toagemoreslowlythanaman’s.Othersthinkthataman’sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.___15___A.However,women,onaverage,livelongerB.ThebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpartC.WomenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenesD.ThefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherwayE.RecentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilitiesF.Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlifeG.Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolcariousbodyfunctions参考答案：11.A

12.G

13.D

14.C

15.E试题分析：本文讲述了女性比男性寿命长的原因。11.A根据空格下一句：一般说，她们比男性多活6到7年。故空格处讲的是女性平均比男性寿命更长。故选A。12.G根据空格上句：一个重要的帮助女性活得更长的生理因素是男性和女性之间荷尔蒙的不同。再根据空格下句：在大约12到50岁之间，女性生产参与生育的荷尔蒙。故此空与荷尔蒙有关，故G项“荷尔蒙是身体生产的控制各种身体功能的化学物质。”符合上下文语境。13.D根据下句：它们帮助身体本身抵抗各种感染。故D项“女性荷尔蒙也用另一种方式保护身体。”符合语境。14.C根据下句：科学家仍然没有确切地表明基因怎样影响年龄，但是他们认为基因却是在影响年龄。故C项“女性基因也在帮助女性。”符合语境。15.E根据空格前两句：一些人认为女性身体细胞有比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性身体细胞有老化快的倾向。故E项“最近研究似乎支持这两种可能”总结前两句。故选E。【名师点睛】在做七选五时一定要注意空格前后句子的暗示词，可以准确确定空格上的选项。比如第20小题，Somethinkthatawoman’sbodycellshaveatendency(向)toagemoreslowlythanaman’s.Othersthinkthataman’sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.20句中的Some...Others...是关键词，从这里知道这是两种观点。根据空格前两句：一些人认为女性身体细胞有比男性老化慢的倾向，另一些人认为男性身体细胞有老化快的倾向。故E项“最近研究似乎支持这两种可能”总结前两句。故选E。三、阅读理解18.AboutsixyearsagoIwaseatinglunchinarestaurantinNewYorkCitywhenawomanandayoungboysatdownatthenexttable,Icouldn’thelpoverhearingpartsoftheirconversation.Atonepointthewomanasked:"So,howhaveyoubeen?"Andtheboy—whocouldnothavebeenmorethansevenoreightyearsold—replied."Frankly,I'vebeenfeelingalittledepressedlately.''Thisincidentstuckinmymindbecauseitconfirmedmygrowingbeliefthatchildrenarechanging.AsfarasIcanremember,myfriendsandIdidn’tfindoutwewere“depressed”untilwewereinhighschool.Theevidenceofachangeinchildrenhasincreasedsteadilyinrecentyears.Childrendon’tseemchildlikeanymore.Childrenspeakmorelikeadults,dressmorelikeadultsandbehavemorelikeadultsthantheyusedto.Whetherthisisgoodorbadisdifficulttosay,butitcertainlyisdifferent.Childhoodasitoncewasnolongerexists,Why?Humandevelopmentisbasednotonlyoninnate(天生的)biologicalstates,butalsoonpatternsofaccesstosocialknowledge.Movementfromonesocialroutetoanotherusuallyinvolveslearningthesecretsofthenewstatus.Childrenhavealwaysbeentaughtadultsecrets,butslowlyandinstages:traditionally,wetellthesixthgradersthingswekeephiddenfromthefifthgraders.Inthelast30years.however,asecret-revelation(揭示)machinehasbeeninstalledin98percentofAmericanhomes.Itiscalledtelevision,Televisionpassesinformation,andindiscriminately(不加区分地),toallviewersalike,whocanbechildrenoradults.Unabletoresistthetemptation,manychildrenturntheirattentionfromprintedtextstothelesschallenging,morevividmovingpictures.Communicationthroughprint,asamatteroffact,allowsforagreatdealofcontroloverthesocialinformationtowhichchildrenhaveaccess.Readingandwritinginvolveacomplexcodeofsymbolsthatmustbememorizedandpractised.Childrenmustreadsimplebooksbeforetheycanreadcomplexmaterials.61.Accordingtotheauthor,feelingdepressedis________.

A.asuresignofapsychologicalprobleminachildB.somethinghardlytobeexpectedinayoungchild

C.aninevitableperiodofchildren'smentaldevelopment

D.amentalscalepresentinallhumans,includingchildren62.Traditionally,achildissupposedtolearnabouttheadultworld________.

A.throughcontactwithsociety

C.naturallyandbybiologicalinstinct

B.graduallyandunderguidance

D.throughexposuretosocialinformation63.Thephenomenonthattoday’schildrenseemadultlikeisattributedbytheauthorto________.

A.thewidespreadinfluenceoftelevision

B.thepoorarrangementofteachingcontents

C.thefastpaceofhumanintellectualdevelopmentD.theconstantlyrisingstandardofliving64.Whyistheauthorinfavorofcommunicationthroughprintforchildren?

A.Itenableschildrentogainmoresocialinformation.

B.Itdevelopschildren'sinterestinreadingandwriting.

C.Ithelpschildrentomemorizeandpractisemore.

D.Itcancontrolwhatchildrenaretolearn.65.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthechangeintoday’schildren?

A.Hefeelsamusedbychairprematurebehavior.B.Hethinksitisaphenomenonworthyofnote.

C.Heconsidersitapositivedevelopment.

D.Heseemstobeupsetaboutit.参考答案：61---65BBADB略19.HungrydeerinthenortheasternUSarelikelychangingtheacoustics(音效)oftheirforestsbyeatingupbushes,smalltreesandotherleafyplantsthatnormallywouldaffectthetransmission(传播)ofnaturalsoundssuchasbirdcalls.MeganGall,anecologistatVassarCollegewhostudieshowtheenvironmentshapesanimals’senses,showedcuriosityaboutthepossibilityaftertalkingwithacoupleofcolleagueswhowerestudyinghowbrowsing(吃草的)deercouldtransformaforestecosystembyeatinguptheentirelowerlevelofleafyplants.Gallalreadyknewthatsoundtravelsdifferentlythroughopenfieldsthanthroughthewoods.Shealsohadpreviouslystudiedhowhumannoisecaninfluencewildlifecommunication.Confusedabouthowdeermightchangewhatotheranimalshear,shedecidedtodosomeexperimentsinacoupleofforestedareasthathercolleagueshadsetupfortheirdeerstudies.Oneareawasfencedoffinawaythatkeptoutthedeer.Theotherareawasmarkedoffbutleftopensothatdeercouldenterandbrowse.Gallandtwostudentssetupaudioequipmentaroundtheseareas.Theybroadcastdifferentsoundsandcheckedtoseehowthosesoundschangedaftertravelingthrougheachenvironment.Theycheckedsoundsthattheysentthroughthelowestleveloftheforest,inthemiddle-leveloftheforestandatanglesgoingfromthegroundupward.Theresults,publishedinthejournalPLOSOne,showthatthestructure(结构)ofasoundchangedalotwhenitwastravelingthroughanareathatthedeerhadn’tsnackedon.“Whendeerwerebrowsing,weactuallyfoundthatthesoundwasclearer,”Gallsays.“Thechallengeforfurtherstudyistofindplacesthathavenotbeenbrowsed,”hesays,“toseeifanyofthesechangeshavealreadyoccurred.Deeraresopervasive.You’dreallyhavetolookhardtofindareasthathavenotbeenbrowsed.”28.WhatmadeMeganGallcurious?A.Thathungrydeermaychangehowthingssoundintheforest.B.Thattheenvironmentshapesanimals’sensesinthelongterm.C.ThatbirdcallshavegreatinfluenceontheacousticsoftheforestD.Thathungrydeerarelikelytoeatupallthelowerlevelofplants.29.WhydidMeganGallstarttheexperiments?A.Tostudyhowhumannoiseaffectswildlifecommunication.B.Toconcludethatsoundtravelsdifferentlyindifferentareas.C.Tohelphercolleaguescontinuetheirpresentstudyondeer.D.Tofigureoutdeer’sinfluenceonwhatotheranimalshear.30.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theprocessofanalyzingtheresults. B.Thepreparationsfortheexperiments.C.Whysomeforestedareasweresetup. D.Howtheexperimentswereconducted.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pervasive”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Rare. B.Generous.C.Widespread. D.Straightforward.参考答案