总论线虫概论

Tel：22896360E-mail:gdmcjscx@寄生虫学教研室：彭礼飞教学辅助材料临床寄生虫检验网络在线课程寄生虫学教学信息网人体寄生虫学精品课程临床检验寄生虫学ClinicalParasitologySECTIONⅠIntroductiontoClinicalParasitology1前言2寄生虫生物学3寄生虫感染与致病4寄生虫感染与寄生虫病防治Chapter1prefaceWhatisparasitology（寄生虫学）?Whatisclinicalparasitology?InChina,overallprevalenceofparasiticinfectionsis59.69%,708millioninfectionswasestimated.湛江市农村人体感染蛔、鞭、钩虫情况调查结果调查地点调查人数感染人数东海岛某村坡头某村坡头某村合计57感染率2645.6%813644.4%351234.3%1737442.1%ClinicalParasitologyHumanParasitology

(人体寄生虫学）LaboratoryDiagnostics(实验诊断学)TechniquesoflaboratorydiagnosisHumanParasitology(人体寄生虫学)Definition：Thescienceofstudyinghumanparasite

andtherelationshipstotheirhosts。Contents:HumanParasite(人体寄生虫):医学原虫、医学蠕虫、医学节肢动物MedicalHelminth(医学蠕虫)MedicalArthropoda(医学节肢动物)MedicalProtozoa（医学原虫)ClinicalparasitologyClinicalparasitologyisasubjectintegratedhumanparasitologyandlaboratorydiagnosis.病原诊断是寄生虫感染确诊依据！！

Chapter2biologyofparasiteparasitismclassificationofparasiteclassificationofhostlifecycleofparasiteSymbiosis（共生）

:

两种生物长期或短暂生活在一起的生态现象

Commensalism（共栖）：oneobtainsbenefits,theotheratleastnotdisadvantageMutualism（互利共生）

:twoorganismsbenefitfromeachotherspresenceParasitism（寄生）

:Parasitism(寄生关系):两种生物生活在一起，一方受益，另一方受害。Parasite

在寄生关系中得益的一方。如果该种生物是动物，则称之为寄生虫（parasite）Host(宿主)

在寄生关系中受害的一方classificationofparasiteobligatoryparasite（专性寄生虫）facultativeparasite（兼性寄生虫）endoparasite（体内寄生虫）ectoparasite(体外寄生虫)accidentalparasite（偶然寄生虫）opportunisticparasite(机会致病寄生虫)卡氏肺孢子虫，隐孢子虫，弓形虫classificationofhostdefinitivehost/finalhost（终宿主）

Thehostsinwhichharbourtheadultorsexualstage（成虫或有性生殖阶段）ofparasite。classificationofhostintermediatehost(中间宿主)

Thehostsinwhichharbourthelarvalorasexualstage（幼虫或无性生殖阶段）ofparasiteclassificationofhostreservoirhost（保虫宿主/储蓄宿主）

thedefinitivehostisavertebrate(脊椎动物)otherthanhumanwhichharbors/maintainsandtransmitsthepathogens(病原体)ofhumandiseasesclassificationofhostParatenichost/transporthost（转续宿主

）:

ahostinwhichparasitedoesnotdeveloporreproducebutcontinuestobealiveandbeinfectivetoadefinitivehostLifecycleofparasite在一定环境条件下，寄生虫完成一代的生长、发育和繁殖的整个过程。infectivestage(感染阶段)Lifecycleofparasiteinfectivestage(感染阶段):能侵入人体并在人体内继续生存、发育或繁殖的寄生虫生活史阶段。routeofinfection(感染途径):Lifecycleofparasitereproduction（繁殖）asexualreproduction(无性生殖)sexualreproduction(有性生殖)alternationofgeneration（世代交替）directlifecycle

(直接型生活史)：need1hostTypesoflifecycle(土源性蠕虫geohelminth)indirectlifecycle

(间接型)：need2ormorehostsTypesoflifecycle

(生物源性蠕虫biohelminth)definitivehostreservoirhostThefirstintermediatehostThesecondintermediatehostChapter3parasiticinfectionandpathogenesisparasiticinfection(寄生虫感染):

Establishmentoftheparasiteinitshostparasitehost(human))damageresistanceRelationsofparasiteandhostThedamageofparasitetohumanrobofnutrition(掠夺营养)Thedamageofparasitetohumanmechanicaldamage(机械性损伤)Thedamageofparasitetohumantoxicityeffect(毒性损害)allergen(变态反应原)innateimmunity（先天性免疫）acquiredimmunity（获得性免疫）sterilizingimmunity（消除性免疫）nonsterilizingimmunity（非消除性免疫）premunition(带虫免疫)concomitantimmunity（伴随免疫）immuneevasion（免疫逃避）寄生虫能逃避宿主免疫攻击的现象。Chapter4parasiticinfectionandparasiticdisease

Parasitosis/parasiticdisease(寄生虫病)carrier(带虫者)chronicinfection(慢性感染)suppressiveinfection(隐性感染)larvamigrans(幼虫移行症）ectopicparasitism（异位寄生）

eosinophilia(嗜酸粒细胞增多)：蠕虫感染Charactersofparasiticinfection

KeylinksintheprevalenceSusceptiblepopulationsourceofinfectionrouteoftransmissionThefactorsintheprevalencenaturalfactors(自然因素)biologicalfactors(生物因素)socialfactors(社会因素)charactersintheprevalenceendemicity(地方性)seasonality(季节性)naturalendemicfocus(自然疫源性)

parasiticzoonosis(人兽共患寄生虫病

)PreventionandcontrolTreatmentoreliminationofthesourceofinfection(控制传染源）Theblockadeoftherouteoftransmission（阻断传播途径）Theprotectionofthesusceptiblepopulation（保护易感人群）Medicalhelminth(医学蠕虫)线虫吸虫绦虫棘头虫IntroductiontonematodeNematode:线虫Medicalhelminthtrematodecestode

nematodeIntroductiontonematodeClassNematoda（线虫纲）

about10speciesaremedicalimportant原（假）体腔(procoele)Eggshellhas3layers:卵黄膜或受精膜(vitellinelayer);壳质层(chitinouslayer)脂层（lipidlayer）/蛔甙层（ascaroside）Egg无卵盖（Non-operculum）lifecycleTypeoflifecycle：土源性线虫:生物源性线虫：Infectivestage：InfectiveeggInfectivelarvacystImportantnematodesIntestinalnematode：蛔虫、钩虫、蛲虫、鞭虫等Bloodnematode丝虫Tissuenematode旋毛虫1.试述临床寄生虫检验学的学习范围及重要性，寄生虫感染最可靠的实验诊断方法是什么？2．你准备采取如