上海嘉定区第一中学2020届高三下学期英语周测

嘉定一中高三英语周测n.GrammarandVocabulary(10points)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Shouldweallowmodernbuilding(21)(build)nexttoolderonesinahistoricalareasofacity?Inordertoanswerthisquestion,wemustfirstexamine(22)peoplereallywanttopreservethehistoricfeelofanarea.Notallhistoricalbuildingsareattractive.However,theremaybeotherreasons,forexample,economicreasons(23)theyshouldbepreserved.So,letusassumethathistoricalbuildingsarebothattractiveandimportanttothemajorityofpeople.(24)shouldwedothenifanewbuildingisneeded?Inmyview,newarchitecturalstyles(25)existperfectlywellalongsideanolderstyle.Indeed,therearemanyexamplesinmyownhometownofTourswheremoderndesigns(26)(place)verysuccessfullynexttooldbuildings.(27)thebuildinginquestionispleasinganddoesnotdominateitssurroundingstoomuch,itoftenimprovestheattractivenessofthearea.Itistruethatthereareexamplesofnewbuildingswhichhavespoilttheareatheyarein,butthesamecanbesaidofsomeoldbuildingstoo.Yetpeoplestillspeakagainstnewbuildingsinhistoricareas.Ithinkthisissimply(28)peoplearenaturallyconservativeanddonotlikechange.Althoughwehavetorespectpeople'sfeelingsasfellowusersofthebuildings,Ibelievethatitisthedutyofthearchitectandplannertomovethingsforward.Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore,wewouldallstillbelivingincaves.Thus,Iwouldargueagainst(29)(copy)previousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethingfreshanddifferent,(30)thatmightbethemoreriskychoice.(10points)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.preferencesB.evaluatesC.benefitD.fortunatelyE.confidenceF.organizationsG.unsurprisinglyH.conductedI.purchasingJ.rankedK.ethicalTheAustralianstateofVictoriaisinvestinginaprogramtoidentifynewopportunitiesforitsfoodandagricultureindustries.Aspartofthisinitiativethegovernment31extensiveresearchtoidentifywhichattributesofagoodproductaremostimportanttoconsumers.Asincomelevelsriseandeducationlevelsimprove,consumersacrosstheworldarebecominginterestedinmorethanjustthepriceandqualityofthefoodtheyeat.Indeed,someconsumersarenowwillingtopayextramoneyforfoodwithaspecialnutritionalorhealth32.Inaddition,someconsumersarealsochoosingfoodbasedonhowitwasproduced,includingtheenvironmentaland33impactofproduction.Victoria'sDepartmentofPrimaryIndustriffisanBt眇searchedareportthatanalyzes34forfoodproductswith“trust"attributes,specificallyfoodsafety,cleanfood,greenfood,animalwelfareandethicalfoodproduction.Thereportalsodeterminestherelativeimportanceofthefivenominated“trust"attribates35theirimportanceinrelationtonon-trustattribute'ssuchaspriceandquality.“Consumersarebecomingincreasinglyinsightfulwhenmaking36decisions,andVictoriaabilitytodemonstratethetrustworthinessoffoodproductswillbevitaltomaintainconsumer37inpriorityexportmarkets,“thereportsays.BetweenFebruaryandJune2004,theDPIinterviewed280foodindustryshareholders,includingretailers,wholesalers,foodservicemanagers,importersdistributorsandrepresentativesofgovernment,industrybodiesandnon-government38,in21ofVictoria'smajorfoodmarkets,includingFrance,Japan,theUKandtheUS.Theresearchfound,perhaps39,thatprice,qualityandfoodsafetywerethemostimportantfactorsforconsumers,witheachfactor40asthemostimportantby18-20%ofrespondents.Infourthplace,8%ofrespondentsfeltflavorwasthemostimportantattributeofafoodproductforcustomerswhile6%thoughtfreshnesswasmostimportant,and3%thoughttheappearancepackagingwasmostimportant.Healthnutrition,brandimage,andcleanchemicalfreewereeachconsideredmostimportantbyjust1-2%ofinterviewees.m.ReadingComprehensionSectionA(15points)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.FromOxford'squadstoHarvardYardandmanyasteelandglasspalaceofhighereducationibetween,examsaregivenwaytoholidays.Asstudentsconsiderlifeaftergraduation,universitiesare41questionsabouttheirownfuture.Thehigher-educationmodeloflecturing,crammingandexaminationhasbarely42forcenturies.Now,threedisruptivewavesarethreateningtoshakeestablishedwaysofteachingandlearning.Ononefront,afunding43hascreatedashortageoffundthattheuniversitiesbrightestbrainsarestrugglingtosolve.InstitutionscoStsarerising,44priceyinvestmentsintechnology,teacherssalariesandincreasingadministrativecosts.Thatcomesasgovernmentsconcludethattheycannolongeraffordtosubsidize(补贝占)universitiesas45astheyusedto.Americancolleges,inparticular,areunderpressure:someanalystspredictmassbankruptcieswithintwodecades.Atthesametime,a(n)46revolutionischallenginghighereducation'sbusinessmA(n)47inonlinelearning,muchofitfree,meansthattheknowledgeoncealuckyfewhadexcesstohasbeenreleasedtoanyonewithasmartphoneorlaptop.These48andtechnologicaldisruptionscoincidewithathirdgreatchange:whereasuniversitiesusedtoeducateonlyatinyelite,theyarenow49trainingandretrainingworkersthroughouttheircareers.Howwillthey50thisstorm—andwhatwillemergeintheirplaceiftheydon't?Theuniversitiesleastlikelytoloseouttoonlinecompetitorsareeliteinstitutionswithestablishedreputationsandlowstudent-to-tutorratios.Thatis51newsfortheIvyLeague,whichoffernetworkingopportunitiestostudentsalongsideadegree.Thosecollegesmightprofitfromexpandingtheratioofonlinelearningtoclassroomteaching,loweringtheircostswhilestillofferingtheprizeofacollegeeducationconductedpartlyoncampus.Themostvulnerable,accordingtoJimLermanofKeanUniversityinNewJersey,aretheamiddle-tierinstitutions,whichproduceAmerica'steachers,middlemanagersandadministrators.Theycouldbe52ingreaterpartbyonlinecourses,hesuggests.Somightweakercommunitycolleges,althoughthosewhichcultivateconnectionstolocalemployersmightyetproveresilient(有

弹力的）Sincethefirstwaveofmassiveonlinecourseslaunchedin2012,anoppositionhasfocusedontheir53andcommercialuncertainties.YetifcriticsthinktheyareimmunetothemarchoftheMOOC,theyarealmostcertainlywrong.Whereasonlinecoursescanquickly54theircontentanddeliverymechanisms,universitiesareupagainstseriouscostandefficiencyproblems,withlittlechancesoftakingmorefromthepublicpurse.Withoutthepersonaltouch,highereducationcouldbecome“anicebound,petrified(石化的)cast-ironuniversity."Thatiswhatthenewwaveofhigh-techcoursesshouldnotbecome.Butasa(n)55toanoverstretched,expensivemodelofhighereducation,theyaremorelikelytoprosperthanfade.41.A.answeringB.facingC.settlingD.guessing42.A.reviewedB.existedC.substitutedD.changed43.A.situationB.trend43.A.situationB.trendC.crisisD.relief44.A.owingtoapartfromexceptforratherthan45.A.patientlyB.generouslyC.naturallyD.ignorantly46.A.technologicalB.professionalC.educationalD.geographical47.A.differenceB.emphasisC.harmonyD.explosion48.A.fundamentalB.administrativeC.financialD.psychological49.A.responsibleforB.eagerforC.curiousaboutD.enthusiasticabout50.A.observeB.chaseC.witnessD.survive51.A.shockingB.goodC.annoyingD.neutral52.A.promotedB.replacedC.maintainedD.marketedA.failureA.resistB.projectsB.releaseC.innovationC.adjustD.progressD.resemble55.A.object55.A.objectB.relationC.implicationD.alternativeSectionB(22points)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）ABuffalocharterschool（特许学校）,runbyafor-profitcompany,received$7.2millionintaxpayermoneylastyeartoeducateabout500elementaryandmiddleschoolstudents.Butattheendoftheyear,theaudit（审计）itsubmittedtothestateonlylisteditsexpensesroughly,including$1.3millioninrentforabuildingthecompanyowned,$976,000forexecutiveadministrationand$361,000inprofessionalfees.OfficialsfromtheNewYorkStateteachersunionraisedthecaseoftheschool,BuffaloUnited,asanexampleofwhatitsaidwaswrongwiththeoversightofcharterschoolsthroughoutthestate.Theunionsaidthecasesupporteditsviewthatnonewcharterschoolsshouldbepermittedunlessoversightisstrengthened.“Hownuchisprofit?askedAndrewPallotta,theexecutivevicepresidentofNewYorkStateUnitedTeachers."Therestrulytoomuchwedon'knowandcan'know.”Theunion'concernsfellonmostlyfriendlyearsattheall-dayhearing,whichhadbeencalledbySenatorBillPerkinsofHarlem,anoutspokencriticofthecharterschoolmovement.Teachersunionshavegenerallyopposedcharterschools,whichtendnottobeunionized.OnThursday,thestateunionlistedclaimsagainstcharterschoolsthatincludedconflictofinterestandstealing.BrooklynCharterSchoolinBedford-Stuyvesant,itsaid,hadacquired,asasubsidiary（子公司）,ashoplinkedtothepresidentoftheschool'board.AnauditofasecondBuffalocharterschool,WesternNewYorkMaritime,foundthatbig-screentelevisionsandcomputerequipmenthadbeensenttothepersonaladdressesofemployees,theunionsaid.“ThcorruptionandthepoliticizationaretheAchillesheelofthemovement,"Mr.Perkinssaid.Officialsresponsibleforauthorizingandoverseeingcharterschoolssaidtherewasroomformoreaccountabilityandtransparencyfromcharterschools,buttheysaidthatthecontrolswerealreadyhealthy.“Itsgoodthatthebadactorshavecometolight,saidJohnB.KingJr.,theseniordeputycommissionerofthestateEducationDepartment."actuallythinkthatthereisalotofcommongroundhere,andifwecreatetherightconversation,thereisroomtobothimprovechartersandincreasethenumber.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?Mostcharterschoolsarerunbyfor-profitcompanies.ABuffalocharterschoolover-spentlastyear.Charterschoolshouldbemonitoredovereducationquality.Theexpense-listofacharterschoolwasnottransparent.Theterm“Achilles'heelinparagraph5canbereplacedby"”.A.weakspotB.characteristicC.inevitableproblemD.peakWhatissaidaboutofficialsresponsibleforauthorizationandoverseeingcharterschool?Theyweredeterminedtosupervisecharterschoolsstrictly.Theirwordsandbehavioroncharterschoolswereaparadox.Theythoughttheyputagoodcontroloncharterschools.Theirsupervisiononcharterschoolswasnottransparentenough.WhatisJohnB.KingJr.'sattitudetowardsauthorizingmorecharterschools?A.opposedB.concernedC.approvingD.indifferent(B)ScholarshipApplicationTipsin2015forcollegestudents.*BeforeyouapplyWorkhardtogetgoodgrades.Donsweataboutonebadgrade,butalwaysstrivetodoyourbest.Getinvolved,andstayinvolved,inout-of-classactivities.Sports,clubs,drama,bandsandorchestras-theseoftencounttowardastudentbvsrallscholarshipapplicationevaluation.Thesamegoesforpaid(orunpaid)workexperience.Beginyourscholarshipresearchearly-byyoursophomore(大学/中学二年级学生)orjunioryearofhighschool,ifpossible.Makespecialnoteofapplicationdeadlines,astheycanvaryfromlatesummertolatespring.Applyforasmanyscholarshipsasyouareeligible(符合条件的)for—severalsmallerscholarshipscanadduptoalotofmoney.*DuringtheapplicationprocessReadthesupplementarymaterialsthatcomewithscholarshipapplicationformstobetterunderstandtheprogram'sfocus(communityservice,subjectinterest).Trytoanswerthequestionswiththefocusareainmind.Answerquestionsastheyareasked.Don'tgoofftopic.Ifthereisafinancialsectiontotheapplication,makesureyougetaccurateandcompleteinformationfromallappropriatesourcestoensureyoureligibility.Takeyourtime.Writedowneverythingyoucanthinkofforeachquestion,thensettheapplicationasideforadaysoyoucanlookeverythingoveragainbeforeyousenditoff.Don'twaituntilthelastminutetocompleteyourapplication,especiallyifyouareapplyingonline.Computersystemscangetblockedwiththelargevolumeofapplicantshopingtosubmittheirqualificationsduringthelastfewdaysandhoursbeforeadeadline.Ifathirdpartyhastocompletepartofyourapplication,suchasprovidingaletterofrecommendation,makesureyouaskthemearlyonandremindthemasoftenasnecessarytoensuretheyprovideyouwiththenecessarymaterials.Lastbutnotleast,reviewyourapplicationwithyourparentstomakesureyouhaveny'tleftoiimportantdetails.Beforeyouapplyforascholarship,it'sbestto.A.paymoreattentiontogradesthantoout-of-classactivitiesfocusononlyonescholarshipapplicationgetasmuchworkexperienceaspossiblebeginyourpreparationasearlyaspossibleWhenyouareansweringquestionsontheapplicationform,youshould.A.focusonthesubjectyouareinterestedinB.answertothepointC.listyouradvantagesD.proveyourabilitiesTheauthorsuggeststhatapplicantsshould.submittheapplicationinthefewdaysdouble-checktheirapplicationwiththeirparentscompleteandsubmittheapplicationinonedayavoidsubmittingtheapplicationonline(C)AsimplepieceofropehangsbetweensomeenvironmentallyfriendlyAmericansandtheirneighbors.Ononesidestandthosewhohavebeguntoseeclothesdryersasawastefulconsumersofenergy(upto6%oftotalelectricity)andpowerfulemittersofcarbondioxide(uptoatonofCO2perhouseholdeveryyear).Asanalternative,theyareturningtoclotheslinesaspartofwhatAlexanderLee,anenvironmentalist,calls“what-I-can-doenvironmentalism.”ButOntheothersidearepeoplewhoopposeair-dryinglaundryoutsideonvisualgrounds.Increasingly,theyhavepersuadedcommunityandhomeownersassociations(HOAs)accesstheU.S.tobanoutdoorclotheslines,whichtheysaynotonlylookunattractivebutalsolowersurroundingpropertyvalues.Thoseactions,inturn,haveledtoaright-to-drymovementthatispressingformakinglawstoprotectthechoicetouseclotheslines.Onlythreestates-Florida,HawaiiandUtah—havelawswrittenbroadlyenoughtoprotectclotheslines.Right-to-dryadvocatesarguethatthereshouldbemore.MattReckisthekindofeco-consciousguywhofeedshistreeswithbathwaterandrecyclescondensationdrops(冷凝水)fromhisairconditionerstowaterplants.Hisfamilyalsousesaclothesline.ButOttoHagen,presidentofReck'HOAinWakeForest,N.C.,notifiedhimthataneighborhadcomplainedabouthisline.TheRecksignoredthewarningandstilldrytheirclothesonaropeintheyard."Manypeopleclaimtobeenvironmentallyfriendlybutdon'ttakematterstheirownhands,"saysReck.HOAsHagenhasdecidholdofftakingaction."I'mnotgoingtogocrazy,“hesays."ButifMattkeepshislineandmoreneighborscomplains,I'llhavetoaddressitagain.NorthCarolinalawmakerstriedandfailedearlierthisyeartoinsertlanguageintoanenergybillthatwouldexpresslypreventHOAsfromregulatingclotheslines.ButtheissueremainsatouchyonewithHOAsandrealestateagents."Mostvisualrestrictionsarerooted,toadegree,inthebeliefthathomogenous(统——协调的)externalappearancearesupportiveofpropertyvalue,“saysSaraStubbins,executivedirectoroftheCommunityAssociationInstitute'North.Carolinachapter.Inotherwords,associationsworrythathousingpriceswillfallifprospectivebuyersthinktheirwould-beneighborsaretoopoortoafforddryers.AlexanderLeedismissesthenotionthatclotheslinesdevaluepropertyadvocatingthattheidea“needstochangeinlightofglobalwarming.”"Weallhavetodoatleastsomethingtodecreaseourcarbonfootprint,"AlexanderLeesays.WhatisNOTmentionedasadisadvantageofusingclothesdryers?A.Electricityconsumption.B.Airpollution.C.Wasteofenergy.D.Uglylooking.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECT?Opposersthinkair-dryinglaundrywoulddevaluesurroundingproperty.Opposersconsidertheoutdoorclotheslineasaneyesoretothescenery.Right-to-drymovementsledtothepassofwrittenlawstoprotectclotheslinesinAmerica.MostofstatesintheUShavenowrittenlawstoprotectclotheslines.InthelastparagraphAlexanderLeerecommendsthat.clotheslinesshouldbebannedinthecommunity.clotheslineswouldn'tlessenthepropertyvalues.theglobewouldbecomewarmerandwarmer.weshouldprotecttheenvironmentinthecommunity.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe.OpinionsonEnvironmentalProtection.OpinionsonAir-dryingLaundry.What-I-Can-DoEnvironmentalism.RestrictionsonClotheslines.SectionC(8points)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Astothepossibilityofgettingthedropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasgloomy.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby19%.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,butaccordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthesewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.Withtheinternationalfinancialcrisesgoingfrombadtoworse,moreandmoredropoutsarehappytoresumetheirdoctoratestudies.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Attrition（流失）atthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.EducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.67Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.TuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiatedbecauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompetingtherequirementforthedegree.68SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.69Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswerereceiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePhD'sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.70Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.IV.SummaryWriting10%Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.LearnfrommistakesThebestwaytolearnsomethingistomakemistakesfirst.ThomasEdison,whoinventedthelightbulb,toldhiscolleagues:"Ofthe200lightbulbsthatdidn'work,everyfailuretoldmesomethingIwasabletoincorporateintothenextattempt."BenjaminFranklin,theUSstatesmanandscientistoncesaid:"Ihaven'tfailed.Ihavehad10,000ideasthatdidn"'twork.Boththesepeopleunderstoodthat