高中定语从句讲解与练习

定语从句专项讲解与练习1、 定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句需用下列关联词：关系代词和关系副词。它们起连词作用，本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。主要有who,whom,that,whose,which,as,when,where,why。PS:what不能引导定语从句.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.Themanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.(=Themanwho/whom/thatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster.)Ilikethebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.Thedesks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.)Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.)2、 掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时，要特别注意以下几点：指人时宜用who的情况：当先行词是one,ones,anyone或those,these时，关系代词用who。TheradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Anyonewhogoestherewillbepunished.ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.在therebe开头的句子中。There'sabeautifulgirlwhocametoseeyouthismorning.Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.先行词后有一个较长的定语。ImetaforeignerinthecitylastweekwhocouldspeakChinesewell.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who,以免重复。Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.在非限定性定语从句中。Shehasabrother,whoworkedatthatfactorytenyearsago.指物时宜用that的情况：当先行词为all,none,much,little,few,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.当先行词既指人又指物时。Hespokeofthemenandthething(that)hehadseenabroad.当先行词是疑问词who,what,which时或者句子以疑问词who,what,which打头时。Whothathassuchahomedoesn'tloveit?先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,thesame,just,oneof,any,every,few,little,no,all,oneof等修饰时。ThisisoneoftheverybookthatIamlookingfor.关系代词在从句中作表语。Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.只能用which不能用that的情况。引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。Brucewenttowardsthefire,whichwasstillsmoking.Tomcamebacklate,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.关系代词作介词的宾语。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.that,those作主语时ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.关系代词as和which都能引导非限定性定语从句代表整个句子的内容，as引导的从句可位于句首或句末，which引导的定语从句则不能位于句首。Whichyouknow,heisagoodman.(x)Asyouknow,heisagoodman.(V)关系副词when,where,why其含义相当于onwhich,inwhich,forwhich等，可以互换：Thedaywhen/onwhichImethimfirstwasMay1st.Idon'tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn'te.whose指物时，可以与ofwhich等结构互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系：Thisisthebookthecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecover/whosecoverisblue.有时可用that代替关系副词。在口语中常省略。Thisisthereason(why/forwhich/that)hecamelate.先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。Thesun,whichgivesuslightandheat,isverybig.在先行词和定语从句之间有无逗号有时会引起名义的变化：Hesaidnothingthatmadeherangry.他没说使她生气的话。Hesaidnothing,whichmadeherangry.他一言不发，这使她很生气。部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPing'sson.先行词前有such、thesame、as时，关系代词用as,不用that,但thesame・・・as…表示同样的，thesame…that…表示同一的。Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.Suchpeopleasyourefertoarerarenowadays.3、 定语从句与强调结构Itistheplacewheretheylivedbefore.Itisintheplacethattheylivedbefore.第一个句子为定语从句，where指代theplace,在定语从句中作状语，第二个句子为强调结构，强调intheplace,that没有意义，把放回后面句子,句子意思完整。Whereisitthathefoundthelostwatch?（强调句型,强调疑问副词where.）Whereisthewatchhefoundyesterday?（定语从句，that指代thewatch.）4、 定语从句中的先行词Isthisbooktheonethatyouboughtyesterday?Isthisthebookthatyouboughtyesterday?第一个句子中，thisbook是主句的主语，theone是先行词。在第二个句子中this是主句的主语，thebook是先行词。一定要避免出现：Isthisbookthatyouboughtyesterday?5、 定语从句与同位语从句定语从句相当于形容词，它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用，而同位语从句则相当于名词，对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释，即说明该词所表示的具体内容。例如：Thenewsthatweheardisnottrue.（定语从句）Thenewsthathewontheprizeisnottrue.（同位语从句）另：在“havenoidea+从句”结构中，其从句都作idea的同位语。例如：Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.6、 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：Allthestudentswhostudyhardhavepassed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。（只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。）Allthestudents,whostudyhardhavepassed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。（没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。）在限制性定语从句中，从句是先行词不可缺少的定语（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。）从句与主句关系密切，不用逗号。译为汉语时，从句译在先行词前，与先行词用“的”连接。在非限制性定语从句中，从句是对先行词的附加说明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。）从句与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开。译为汉语时，从句放在主句后面。As和which的辨析关系。Ol.Thiselephantislikeasnake,as/whicheverybodycansee.=Aseverybodycansee,thiselephantislikeasnake.任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。O2.Tomdidn'tpassthephysicsexam,whichmadehisparentsveryangry.Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处：在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as,而as许多时候不能代替which,如句02。【当从句和主句语义一致时，用as,反之则用which。Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.】再如：1） Hewaslateagain,as/whichwehadexpected.=Aswehadexpected,hewaslateagain.正如我们所料,他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。2） Thestreethasn'tbeenclearedforweeks,whichmakesitverydirty.街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。(不用as)Theyoungmancheatedhisfriendofmuchmoney,whichwasdisgraceful.那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。(不用as)Hetakesexerciseeveryday,whichhasdonealotofgoodtohishealth.他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。(不用as)Ashasalreadybeenpointedout,Englishisratherdifficultforaforeigner.正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。c.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown,besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.在such・・・as…、thesame…as…、as…、asmany・・・/muchas…等结构中,as不能用which代替。Suchbooksasthisaretoodifficultforbeginners.这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。=Bookssuchasthisare…=Bookslikethisare…Iliveinthesamebuildingashe(does).我和他住再同一座大楼里。Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.他认识所有到会的人。Thatdayweallgotupearlyasusual.那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。“Oneofthe+复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况“Oneofthe+复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如：Thatisoneofthebooksthatarerequiredforstudyatschool.Thisisoneofthemostwonderfulnovelsthathavebeenpublishedsince1990.SheisoneofthefewpersonswhoknowSpanish.Thisisoneofthemostfamousplaysthatwerewritteninthethirties,如果oneof+复数名词这一结构前面带有theonly、thevery之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是one而不是那个复数名词。如：HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhoknowsFrenchinourschool」修饰theonlyone)HeisoneoftheteacherswhoknowFrenchinourschool.(修饰theteachers)Thisistheonlyoneoftheroomsthatisfreenow.(修饰theonlyone)Thisisoneoftheroomsthatarefreenow.(修饰rooms)由关系副词when,where,why所引导的定语从句。when在从句中作时间状语,其先行词多为表示时间概念的名词。WecanneverforgetthedaywhenHongKongreturnedtoourhomeland.我们永远也不会忘记XX回归祖国的那一天。where在从句中作地点状语,其先行词多为表示地点概念的名词。Thebuildingwhereyouusedtolivehasbeenpulleddown.你过去住的楼房已经被拆除了。why在从句中作原因状语,其先行词多为表示原因概念的名词。Weknowthereasonwhyhewasveryangry.我们知道他为什么那么生气。ThisisthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty/whichhespentreadingthebooks/whichIstillneverforget.Thisistheplacewhichweoncevisited/whichIwillneverforget/whichIamlookingfor/whereIfoundthebook.PS：关系代词与关系副词之间并非毫无关联，两者之间存在密切的联系。1).很多情况下关系副词用“介词+which/whom”来代替，其中的介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定，例如：ThedaywhenImetthefamouspopstarwasthegreatestdayofmylife.=ThedayonwhichImetthefamouspopstarwasthegreatestdayofmylife.见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。IshallneverforgetthoseyearswhenIlivedwithher.=IshallneverforgetthoseyearsduringwhichIlivedwithher.我将永远不会忘记我跟她生活的那些岁月。Thisisahallwherethemedicalconferencewillbeheld.=Thisisahallinwhichthemedicalconferencewillbeheld.这是礼堂，医学会议将在此召开。.并非先行词表示时间或地点时都分别用when或where来引导相应的定语从句，若关系词在修饰表示时间或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等而不是状语时，需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。例如：Doyoustillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherinschool?你还记得我们一起在学校度过的那些日子吗？先行词thedays表时间，但是其定语从句的引导词在定语从句中作宾语而不是状语，因此不能用when而应该用which或that。.that有时可以代替定语从句中的关系副词when，where，why，且that常可以省略。例如：Thisisthetime(when/that)hearrived.这是他到达的时间。考题训练。［考题1］Wearelivinginanage manythingsaredoneonputer.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词age，其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语，因此只能填入关系副词when。［考题2］Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar*9鄄Bawayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词hours，其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语，因此只能填入关系副词when。［考题3］Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear, forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.（2000、XX春）A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词moment，其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语，因此只能填入关系副词when。［考题4］AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild.（1996）A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词town，其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语，因此只能填入关系副词where。［考题5］Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces, othervisitorsseldomgo.（2002）A.whatB.whichC.whereD.when［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词someotherplaces，其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语，因此只能填入关系副词where。［考题6］Iwalkedinourgarden, TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.（2005XX）A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词garden并在该定语从句中充当地点状语，因此只能填入关系副词where。［考题7］We'rejusttryingtoreachapoint bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（2006XX）A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which［解析］point可以理解成地点、位置，其后面的定语从句中缺少地点状语，因此下划线处只能填入引导词where［答案］DCDBCCA定语从句专项练习。1、Theknifeweusedtocutthebreadisverysharp.A．which B．with C．withit D．withwhich

2、Thebraveman,thetigerwasshot,isagoodhunter.A．ofwhom B．bythatC．bywhomD．bywhich3、Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,hecouldseewhatitwasgoingoninsidethehouse.A．onwhich B．atwhich C．throughwhichD．inwhich4、ThebeautifuldressMissJoneswenttotheballwasborrowedfromafriendofhers.A．inwhich B．wornby C．throughwhichD．onwhich5、Duringthedays,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns'.A．thatfollowed B．tofollowC．following D．followed6、Youmaytakeanythinguseful.A．whichyouwantB．youwantthemC．whatyouwantD．youwant7、Myhometownisnolongerthesameitusedtobe.A．like B．that C．as D．which8、Theoldwomanhastwosons,oneisateacher.A．ofwho B．ofwhom C．ofwhich D．ofthem9、Youcantakeanyseatisfree.A．inwhich B．that C．where D．which10、Isthereanythingtoyou?A．thatbelong B．whichbelongsC．thatbelongs D．thatisbelonged11、Wehopetogetsuchatoolheisusing.A．where B．that C．as D．whichhehadtobeginhisstudyforthenext12、Finallycamethedayterm.hehadtobeginhisstudyforthenextA．till B．thatC．since D．whichA．till B．thatC．since D．which13、Shehasn'tgotenoughmoneyshebuystherings.A．forwhichB．withwhichC．that D．which14、I'vereadallthebookswereborrowedfromthelibrary.A．they B．which C．/ D．that15、ThisisthebesthotelinthecityIknow.A．it B．where C．that D．which16、Isoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?

A．it B．which C．/ D．that17、TheSecondWorldWarmillionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.A．onwhich B．where C．inthat D．duringwhich18、ThetrainshewastravelingwaslateA．onthat B．forwhichC．onwhich D．which19、Winteristhetimeofyearthedaysareshortandnightsarelong.A．onwhichB．that C．when D．where20、I'llshowyouastoreyoumaybuyallyouneed.A．that,that B．which,that C．where,which D．inwhich,/21、Istillrememberthedayshefirstworethatpinkdress.A．onwhich B．onthat C．inwhich D．which22、Doyouknowthereasonshegotsoangryyesterday?A．why B．which C．forthat D．forwhy23、IssomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A．thisschoolwhereB．thisschooloneC．thistheschool D．thisschool24、Isthereanyoneinyourclassfamilyisinthecity.A．whose B．which C．who's D．who25、CanyoulendmethebookA．whichyoutalkedC．aboutthatyoutalked2625、CanyoulendmethebookA．whichyoutalkedC．aboutthatyoutalked26、ThisisoneofthebestfilmsA．whichhasbeenshownC．thathaveshown27、Doyouknowtheman?A．thatIspokeC．towhoIspokeB．thatyoutalkedD．youtalkedaboutthisyear.B．thathavebeenshownD．havebeenshownB．IspoketoD．whomIspoke28、Therearetwothousandstudentsinourschool,aregirls.A．two-thirdsinwhich B．two-thirdsinthemC．two-thirdsofthemD．ofwhomtwothirdsC．two-thirdsofthemD．ofwhomtwothirds29、Ihaveboughttwoball-pens,writeswell.A．neitherofthemC．neitherofwhichA．neitherofthemC．neitherofwhichB．noneofthemD．noneofwhich30、Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.A．byit B．throughwhich C．withthat D．inwhich31、Doyouknowthereasonhewaslate?A．forwhichB．forwhat C．which D．that32、 hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A．As B．That C．WhatD．Which33、Johngotbeateninthegame,hadbeenexpected.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA．who B．what C．that D．as34、They'reinventedmetotheirparty,iskindofthem.A．this B．that C．which D．as35、Crusoe'sdogbecameillanddied,madehimverylonely.A．this B．that C．which D．as36、Thereisn'tsomuchnoiseinthecountryinbigcities.A．asB．whereC．whichD．that37、Ioftenthoughtofmychildhood,Ilivedonafarm.A．who B．when C．where D．which38、Nextmonth,you'llbeinyourhometown,ising.A．where B．when C．that D．which39、Thenextthingmustbedoneistomakeaplan.A．which B．that C．when D．/40、Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooksinterestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A．that B．when C．who D．which丨丨、Fillintheblanks:1、 Thisistheprofessortaughtmechemistryin1980.2、 Thehospitalwasbuiltfiveyearsagohasbeenmodernized.3、 Thisistheboyfatherdiedthreeyearsago.4、 Thefilmwesawthedaybeforeyesterdayisveryinteresting.5、 Doyouknowthestudentwaspraisedatthemeeting?6、 1949istheyearthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.7、 Theyworkinafactorymakesradioparts.8、Theyworkinafactoryradiopartsaremade.9、Thisisthevisionphonethroughwecanseeandtalktoourfriends.10、HereareplayersfromJapan,someofareouroldfriends.11、Shelivesinasmallvillage,isonlythreemilesfromhere.12、SheisgoingtospendthesummerholidaysinShanghai,shehassomefriends.13、We'llputoffthemeetingtillnextweek,wewon'tbesobusy.14、Thesungivestheearthlightandheat,isveryimportanttothelivingthings.15、Thosewanttogototheputerroomwriteyournameshere.16、Hewasoftenlate,madehisteacherveryangry.17、Whoisthepersonisstandingatthegate?18、Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolshehadvisited.Ill、Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentencesifthereareany:1、 Hetoldusaboutthecountrieswherehehadvisited.2、 Egyptisacountrywhereisfamousforitspyramids.3、 Chinaisthecountrywherehespentthebestpartofhislife.4、 Thedayswhenwespenttogethercannotbeeasilyforgotten.5、 Thehousestandsattheplacethatthetworoadsmeet