2022-2023学年福建省三明市高二（下）期末英语试卷（含解析）

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2022-2023学年福建省三明市高二（下）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）AAttractionsinCumbria

InEngland'snorthwesterncornerisCumbria.Thisiswheremoderntourismwasborn，intheshininglakesandsilentmountainswhosebrightbeautyinspiredpoetsandpainterstoturnnatureintoart.

RydalMount&Gardens

MostfamousfamilyhomeofthecelebratedpoetWilliamWordsworthfor46years.SituatedintheLakeDistrictwithviewsofLakeWindermereandRydalWater.Daffodils，thepoet'smostfamouspoempublishedherein1815.

Open：MarchtoOctober09：30-17：00.NovembertoDecember&February11：00-16：00.ClosedMondayinwinter.

TheatrebytheLake

TheatrebytheLakehasawholeviewofDerwentwater—nootherprofessionaltheatreinBritaincanmatch.Eachyearitstagesuptoeightofitsownproductionsandhaswonmultistarredreviewsfromnationalcritics.

Open：09：30-endofperformance，20：00onnon-performancedays.

CumberlandPencilMuseum

Tracethehistoryofpencilmakingandseehowwemakepencilstodaywithamuseumtour.Helpfultipsareprovidedforemergingartists.FreeentrytotheDerwentshopwithdiscountsonarangeofDerwentFineArtproducts.

Open：09：30-17：00allyearround.

TheWorldofBeatrixPotterAttraction

ExploreafascinatingworldwhereBeatrixPotter'smagicalstoriesarebroughttolifein3D.MeetPeterRabbitandstepintoMrMcGregor'sgarden.Withafreeactivitybookforkids，afamilyfriendlycafeandgiftshop，everyonecanenjoyabitofBeatrixPottermagic!

Open：7days.10：00-17：30Summer.10：00-16：30Winter.1.WhenistheRydalMount&GardensopenonSundayinJuly？______A.09：30-17：00. B.10：30-16：00. C.11：00-16：00. D.12：0016：30.2.What'sspecialaboutTheatrebytheLake？______A.Itisthemostprofessionaltheatre.

B.Itgetsreviewsfromthevisitors.

C.Itperformsothers'productions.

D.Ithasauniquelocation.3.Whatdothelasttwoattractionshaveincommon？______A.Theyhavethesametheme. B.Theybothopeneveryday.

C.Theyattractlocalpeople. D.Theyarefullofmagic.BEnjoyingaswimattheirlocalbeachwasonceadailypleasureforMelatiWijsenandhersister，Isabel.Butin2013，whenMelatiwas12，andIsabeljustten，thesistersstartedtolosetheirenthusiasmforswimminginthewatersneartheirhomeontheIndonesianislandofBali.Moreoftenthannot，plasticbagswouldswirl（打旋）aroundthemastheyswam.

Melatididn'tthinkmuchaboutituntillaterin2013，whenherteachergavealessononworldheroeslikeSouthAfrica'sNelsonMandelaandEngland'sPrincessDiana，whohadmadepositivechange.Thatday，MelatiwalkedhomeinsilencealongsideIsabel，thinkingabouttheworldheroes.Iftheycoulddoit，wecoulddoittoo，shethought.

Soon，theygatheredateamof15andnamedtheirgroupByeByePlasticBags（BBPB）.Itsmissionwassimple：stoppeopleinBalifromusingplasticbags.Toconvincethelocalgovernmenttobanplasticbags，thegrouporganisedanonlinepetition（请愿）tocollectonemillionsignaturestobanplasticbagsinBali.Within24hoursoflaunching，morethan6000peoplefromaroundtheworldhadsignedup.Althoughitwasfarfromthechallengingtarget，MelatiandIsabeldidwhattheycould.

Thegirls'passionhasresultedinbigchanges.In2017，theyorganisedBali'sfirstbeachcleanup，andnowisanannualevent.Inaddition，theyhassuccessfullystagedafashionshowfeaturingclothesmadefromrecycledgarbageandcampaignedtogetvillagestodoawaywithplasticbags.In2018，BBPBconvincedtheBalinesegovernmenttobansingle-useplasticbags，andthebantookeffectinJuly2019.

Today，BBPBisaglobalyouthmovementandhasmorethan50teamsin29countries."Wedidn'tstartwithanyclearplan，"Melatiadmits."Wedidn'tknowhowweweregoingtobantheplasticbagsbutweknewthatwewantedtoandhadthepassiontofigureitout."4.WhatmotivatedMelatitoformthegroup"BBPB"？______A.Thesuggestionofherteacher.

B.Thestrongwishtomakechange.

C.Theexamplessetbyworldheroes.

D.Theplasticbagsattheirlocalbeach.5.Whatwasthegirls'challengingtarget？______A.Theamountofsignatures.

B.Therecognitionofpeople.

C.Thelaunchofthepetition.

D.Theestablishmentoftheirgroup.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout？______A.Thefirstclean-upevent. B.Thebanonplasticbags.

C.Thegirls'achievements. D.Thefeaturesofthefashionshow.7.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthegirls？______A.Braveandgenerous B.Considerateandconfident.

C.Intelligentandkind-hearted. D.PassionateandDetermined.CStroke（中风）isaleadingcauseofdeathanddisabilityworldwide.Youmaybefamiliarwithsomeofthemostcommonlifestyleandhealthfactorsthatcouldaffectyourstrokerisk.However，thereisanotheroverlookedfactor—altitude.

Howcanlivingathighaltitudesaffectyourchanceofsufferingastroke？ThisquestionisattheheartofanewstudyinjournalFrontiersinPhysiology.Thestudyexaminedmorethan100，000strokehospitalisationsanddeathsfrombetween2001and2017inEcuador.Theresearchersassessedlevelsofstrokehospitalisationanddeathamongpeoplelivingatfourdifferentelevationranges：lowaltitude（under1，500metres），moderatealtitude（1，500-2，500metres），highaltitude（2，500-3，500metres）andveryhighaltitude（3，500-5，500metres）.

Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewholivedathigheraltitudes（above2，500meters）tendedtoexperiencestrokeatalateragecomparedwiththoseatloweraltitudes.Theywerealsolesslikelytobehospitalizedordiebecauseofstroke.However，thisprotectiveeffectwasthegreatestbetween2，000and3，500metersandtailedoffalittleabove3，500meters.

So，whymightlivingathighaltitudesprotectagainststroke？Itmaybethatpeoplewholiveathighaltitudehaveadaptedtothelowoxygenconditions，andmorereadilygrownewbloodvessels（血管）tohelpovercomestroke-relateddamage.Theymayalsohaveamoredevelopednetworkofvesselsintheirbrainsthathelpsthemtomakethemostoftheoxygentheytakein.

Moreresearchisneededtoidentifythemechanismsbehindthisphenomenon，buttheresultsmaybesomecomforttothosewholiveontopoftheworld.8.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudy？______A.Byanalyzingspecificcases.

B.Byconductingaquestionnaire.

C.Bystudyingthepreviousfindings.

D.Byconsultingdatafromthedatabase.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"tailedoff"meaninparagraph3？______A.Becamemore. B.Becameless. C.Becamebetter. D.Becamehigher.10.Whatmaybethereasonforpeoplelivinghighertohavealowerriskofstroke？______A.Asmallvesselnetwork. B.Specialbrainstructures.

C.Narrowedbloodvessels. D.Adaptationtotheenvironment.11.Whereisthispassagemostprobablytakenfrom？______A.Asciencefiction. B.Asciencereport.

C.Ageographytextbook. D.Adoctor'snotebook.D​HowAIwilltransformeducationisveryimportanttoschoolssuchasmine，teacherssuchasme，andhardworkingcare-giverssuchastheparentsinmycommunity.CouldAIgetourchildrentograspnewconceptsandskills？MightAIbebetterequippedtohelpthemexploittheirownintelligence？Afterafewdayswatchingmychildrenuseartificialintelligence-basedlearningtools，IcantellyoutheshortanswerisNO.

Humanintelligenceisdifferentfromthecomputer's.Forone，humanintelligencecannotbemeasured.Thebrainisplastic，alwaysdevelopingandgrowingaswelearnfromourenvironments.Inaddition，humanintelligencereliesonhumaninteraction.Exercisingourintelligenceissomethingwedonaturallyasweconnectwithothers，considertheworldaroundusandseektoimproveourrelationshiptothatworld.

Ineducation，therehasbeenamovementtowardsocial-emotionalandproblem-basedlearning.Soeducatorsattempttomotivateinterestinsubjectsandskillsbyturninglearningmomentsintocommunal（共有的）problem-solvingevents.Whenwecombineanalyticallearningwithsocial-emotionallearning，studentsbecomemasteredinthematerialwewantthemtoknowandgetmoreexcitedaboutthelearningprocess.

UsingAIlooksverydifferentfromthis.AIlearningofteninvolvesanindividualworkingalonewithacomputerprogram.Itcancrowdsourceinformationtohelpstudentsfindfactsabouttheirenvironment，solveaproblemandcomeupwithacreativewayforward.ButAIdoesn'tforcestudentstothinkthroughorkeepanything.Andsimplybeingfedfactsandinformationisnotthesameas"learning".

ItisfascinatingtoimaginethatAImightcurewhatannoysus.Manyparentsdon'thavetheresources-intime，moneyorenergy—toteachtheirkidsathome.IfAIcouldfillthegaps，howgreat，right？YetthenatureofAI"teaching"asitcurrentlyexistsmeansthatstudentsmerelylevelupwithoutlearning.Whenitcomestodevelopingintelligence，nothingcanbeatwhatwehumanshavebeendoing，facetoface，forcenturies.12.Whatdoweknowabouthumanintelligenceaccordingtoparagraph2？______A.Itismeasuredeasily B.Itisofgreatsignificance

C.Itisrelatedtoeducation D.Itischangeableandinteractive13.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAIlearningfromparagraph4？______A.Itiswidelyusedatschool.

B.Itmakesnodifferencetoeducation.

C.Ithelpsdevelopstudents'intelligence

D.Itdoeslittlehelpwithstudents'truelearning.14.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoAIlearning？______A.Unclear B.Neutral C.Disapproving D.Favorable15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？______A.CouldAIReallyTeachStudents

B.ShouldstudentsUseAIFrequently

C.HowStudentsUseAIinTheirStudy

D.HowTeachersInteractwithStudents二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）Whatdoyoudowitholdstuff？Thattopyouboughtforapartythreeyearsago，forexampleYouworeitonceandit'sbeenhanginginyourwardrobe（衣柜）eversince.Youcouldthrowitaway，butthatseemswasteful-afterallit'sstillperfectlyusable.So，whattodo？（1）______

ThefirstcharityshopsappearedinBritaininthe19thCentury.TheSalvationArmy，aUKcharity，wasoneofthefirsttorunasecond-handclothingshoptoprovidethepoorandneedywithaffordableclothes.（2）______ItalsoraisedmoneyforthewareffortduringWorldWarTwo.

Thesedays，charityshopsareacommonsightwitharound11，200shopsacrosstheUK，accordingtotheCharityRetailAssociation.Duringbusinesshoursanymemberofthepubliccandonatetheirunwanteditemstoacharityshop.（3）______Theseitemsarecheckedandiffoundstillserviceable，priceduptobesoldataheavilydiscountedprice.

Formanythisisawin-winsituation.（4）______Totheconsumer，itprovidestheopportunitytobuy，oftenextremelycheaply，itemsandclothes.Tothedonator，itmayhelptoeaseconsumerguilt"Youcanmakeaprettygoodcase，becausewhatyouaredoingisgoingtowardsacharitablecauseandyouaresavingstufffromlandfill，"ClarePress，fashionjournalistandsustainablestyleadvocate，tellstheGuardian.

（5）______Onmorethanoneoccasionabuyerhaspurchasedsomethingverycheaply，onlytolaterdiscoveritstruevalue.Itsoldatauction（拍卖会）for£4，200.Sonexttimeyouneedtoridyourselfofsomething，spareathoughtforthecharityshop-afterall，charitybeginsathome!

A.Mostcharityshopswilltakeanything.

B.Herearesometipsthatyoucanfollow.

C.It'srecommendedtodonatenewitems.

D.IntheUK，wemighttakeittoacharityshop.

E.Therearesometimeshiddentreasuresforthebuyers，too.

F.Tothecharity，itmeanstheycanpursuetheircharitableaim.

G.ThiswasfollowedbycharitiessuchastheBritishRedCross.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）KatherineCommalehaslongknownwhatitisliketobefeaturedinbooksandonTVshows.（1）______，mostofherfellowAmericanshaveneverheardofthegirl，whohashelpedtosavemillionsoflivesinAfricanvillagesfrommalaria.

Onaspringnightin2006，Katherine'smotherwatchedamovieentitledMalaria：FeverWars.It（2）______peoplewhowere（3）______themosquito-bornediseaseinAfricaandelsewhere.Thenextmorning，shetoldherdaughteraboutthe（4）______overbreakfast.Thelittlegirlwastroubledtohearthat.Hermother（5）______theconversationtothingstheycoulddo，likedonatingmosquitonets.

（6）______Katherinetriedraisingmoneybysellingher（7）______itemsintheleamarket（跳蚤市场），butshewas（8）______athowlittleshecouldgather.Soon，sheandheryoungerbrothercameupwitha（n）（9）______toexplaintootherchildrenhowa（n）（10）______mosquitonetcouldprotectasleepingchild.Theidea（11）______.Whenthatfirsteffortended，Katherineandherfamily（12）______＄1500totheUnitedNationsFoundation'sNothingButNetstopurchasemosquitonets.

Graduallyshe（13）______tofamearoundtheworld."It'sjustanactof（14）______，"shesaidwhenbeinginterviewed.The（15）______thatstartedatherkitchentableisonethatshecontinuestopursuetothisday.21.

A.Instead B.Meanwhile C.Therefore D.However22.

A.inspired B.touched C.painted D.taught23.

A.fighting B.preventing C.spreading D.treating24.

A.program B.experience C.book D.war25.

A.opened B.had C.began D.switched26.

A.Suddenly B.Initially C.Basically D.Frequently27.

A.old B.favorite C.new D.fancy28.

A.disappointed B.angry C.bored D.surprised29.

A.suggestion B.idea C.answer D.cause30.

A.big B.expensive C.unique D.simple31.

A.cameout B.kickedoff C.tookoff D.turnedout32.

A.lent B.donated C.returned D.left33.

A.agreed B.rose C.kept D.turned34.

A.justice B.wisdom C.perseverance D.kindness35.

A.conversation B.dream C.project D.truth四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.TheZuojiangHuasharockpaintings，fromSouthChina'sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion，（1）______（include）intheWorldHeritageListin2016.Itwasthefirsttimethatchina'srockpaintingshadbeenlistedasaworldheritage.

（2）______（locate）onthetoweringcliffsintheborderregionsofChina，these38sitesofrockart，thecliffsthemselves，andMingjiangRivertogetherforman（3）______（impress）culturallandscape.Therockart，combinedwithitsspeciallandscape，（4）______（convey）thevigorousspiritualandsociallifeoftheLuoyuepeople，whoarebelievedtobeancestorsofthepresent-dayZhuangpeople.

Themainpaintedareaalongthecliff（悬崖）hasawidthofabout170metresanda（5）______（high）ofabout40metres.Thepaintingsarebetween30metresand90metres（6）______theriver'slevel.Themainareacontainsabout1，900paintings，（7）______includehumanfiguresaswellasanimalsalongwithbronzedrums，knives，swords，bells，andships.Humanfiguresare（8）______（typical）between60centimetresand150centimetrestall，but（9）______highestfigureisover2metres.

Thepaintingswereoriginallythought（10）______（date）fromtheperiodaroundthe5thcenturyBCEtothe2ndcenturyCE.TheperiodoftheircreationsspansthetimefromtheWarringStatePeriodtothelateHanDynastyinthehistoryofChina.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.假如你是李华，你在某英文报上看到右边这则广告，对其中的活动很感兴趣。请你写一封邮件，咨询有关具体事宜。

内容包括：

（1）行程安排；

（2）准备工作；

（3）期待回复。

注意：

（1）写作词数应为80左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearSir/Madam，

______

LiHua38.Eight-year-oldLilyneverplayedwithdollsororderedpizzaonSaturdaynightslikeherfriends.Instead，afterschool，shesatbyhermother，Stella，andhelpedherknitsweatersandcapsbecausethatwashowtheymadealiving.

WhenLilywasfive，herfather，Adam，diedofcancer.Stellawasanorphan，andAdam'sfamilyrefusedtohelpthem，soStellaandLilywereontheirown."Godrewardsthosewhoarekindandbrave.We'llbealright，honey，"StellatoldLilyeverynightbeforegoingtobed.

AfterAdam'sdeath，StellastruggledtomakealivingandlivedinatentinaparkinglotwithLily.Theirpreviouslandlordhadincreasedtherent，andStellacouldn'taffordit.Infact，shehadn'tbeenabletopaytherentforthreemonthsbeforethelandlordeventuallykickedthemout.

Oneday，Lilywaswalkinghomefromschoolwhenshefeltsomebodywasfollowingher.Shegotscaredandwasabouttorunawaywhensheheardasad"woof"behindher.Lilyturnedaroundtoseeacryingsickdog，muddyandcompletelywetindirtywater，lookingaroundanxiously.Hewaslookingatherwithsadeyes.

"Are—areyouhungry？"Lilyaskedhim，andheletoutaslightwoofasifheunderstoodwhatshesaid.Lilysatdownandbeganpettinghim."Listen，dog，youlooksick，andmommyandIdon'thaveenoughmoney.Wecan'ttakeyoutoavet.IamsorryIcan'thelpyou!"

Butwhenthedogbegancryinginherlap，Lily'sheartmelted."Don'tbesad，silly!Mommysaysweshouldbebrave.OK，let'sgetyouhome，"shesaid，"ButIdon'tthinkmommywillletyoustaythere."Lilybroughtthedogtothetent，althoughsheandStellacouldn'taffordanothermouthtofeed.

InthebeginningStellawasagainstkeepinghim.Amonthlater，shecouldn'timagineherlifewithouthim.ShenamedhimSam，andhefollowedthemeverywheretheywentandneverlefthisplacewithoutpermission.Moreover，hekeptStellacompanywhenLilywouldbeinschool.

注意：

①续写词数应为150左右；

②请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Butonemorning，LilyandStellafoundSamwasnowheretobeseen.________

Thenextday，Samcameback，followedbyaman.________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、D、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据RydalMount&Gardens部分中的Open：MarchtoOctober09：30-17：00.（开放时间：三月至十月09：30-17：00）"和"ClosedMondayinwinter.（冬天星期一休息）可知，RydalMount&Gardens在七月周六的开放时间是09：30-17：00，故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据Theatre

by

the

Lake部分中的"Theatre

by

the

Lake

has

a

whole

view

of

Derwentwater—no

other

professional

theatre

in

Britain

can

match.（湖畔剧院可以看到德文特沃特的全景，这是英国其他专业剧院无法比拟的）"可知，Theatre

by

the

Lake的特别之处在于它有一个独特的位置。故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据Cumberland

Pencil

Museum部分中的"Open：09：30-

17：00

all

year

round.（全年营业时间：09：30-17：00）"和The

World

of

Beatrix

Potter

Attraction部分中的"Open：7

days.10：00-

17：30

Summer.10：00-

16：30

Winter.（开放时间：7天。夏季10：00-17：30。冬季10：00-16：30）"可知，最后两个景点，Cumberland

Pencil

Museum和The

World

of

Beatrix

Potter

Attraction的共同之处在于它们每天都开放，故选B。

本文主要介绍了英国坎布里亚郡的旅游景点。首先提到了坎布里亚是现代旅游业的发源地，其湖泊和山脉的美景激发了诗人和画家将大自然转化为艺术。接着介绍了著名诗人威廉•华兹华斯的家Rydal

Mount

&

Gardens，以及剧院Theatre

by

the

Lake，坎伯兰铅笔博物馆Cumberland

Pencil

Museum和彼得兔的世界Beatrix

Potter

Attraction等景点的开放时间和特色。

1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

4~7.【答案】C、A、C、D【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Melatididn'tthinkmuchaboutituntillaterin2013，whenherteachergavealessononworldheroeslikeSouthAfrica'sNelsonMandelaandEngland'sPrincessDiana，whohadmadepositivechange.Thatday，MelatiwalkedhomeinsilencealongsideIsabel，thinkingabouttheworldheroes.Iftheycoulddoit，wecoulddoittoo，shethought.（直到2013年晚些时候，梅拉蒂的老师给她上了一堂关于世界英雄的课，比如南非的纳尔逊•曼德拉和英国的戴安娜王妃，他们做出了积极的改变。那天，梅拉蒂默默地和伊莎贝尔一起走回家，想着世界上的英雄们。如果他们能做到，我们也能做到，她想。），以及第三段第一句Soon，theygatheredateamof15andnamedtheirgroupByeByePlasticBags（BBPB）.（很快，他们聚集了一个15人的团队，并将他们的团体命名为'再见，塑料袋'）可知，老师在课上讲述的世界英雄们的事迹，为梅拉蒂树立了榜样，她也想通过自己的行动来积极地改变世界，最终促使Melati组建"BBPB"团队。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Toconvincethelocalgovernmenttobanplasticbags，thegrouporganisedanonlinepetition（请愿）tocollectonemillionsignaturestobanplasticbagsinBali.Within24hoursoflaunching，morethan6000peoplefromaroundtheworldhadsignedup.Althoughitwasfarfromthechallengingtarget，MelatiandIsabeldidwhattheycould.（为了说服当地政府禁止使用塑料袋，该组织组织了一次在线请愿活动，要收集100万个签名，要求在巴厘岛禁止使用塑料袋。在发布后的24小时内，来自世界各地的6000多人注册了该网站。尽管这离那个具有挑战性的目标很远，梅拉蒂和伊莎贝尔还是尽了自己的努力。）可知，女孩们的挑战目标是收集100万个签名。故选A。

（3）主旨大意题。根据第四段In2017，theyorganisedBali'sfirstbeachcleanup，andnowisanannualevent.Inaddition，theyhassuccessfullystagedafashionshowfeaturingclothesmadefromrecycledgarbageandcampaignedtogetvillagestodoawaywithplasticbags.In2018，BBPBconvincedtheBalinesegovernmenttobansingle-useplasticbags，andthebantookeffectinJuly2019.（2017年，他们组织了巴厘岛的第一次海滩清理，现在是一年一度的活动。此外，他们还成功地举办了一场时装秀，展示了用回收垃圾制成的衣服，并发起了一项运动，让村庄不再使用塑料袋。2018年，BBPB说服巴厘政府禁止使用一次性塑料袋，该禁令于2019年7月生效。）可知，第一句为本段主旨句，女孩们的不懈努力给巴厘岛带来了变化，故本段主要讲述女孩们的成就。故选C。

（4）推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Soon，theygatheredateamof15andnamedtheirgroupByeByePlasticBags（BBPB）.（很快，他们聚集了一个15人的团队，并将他们的团体命名为'再见，塑料袋'），以及最后一段Today，BBPBisaglobalyouthmovementandhasmorethan50teamsin29countries.'Wedidn'tstartwithanyclearplan，"Melatiadmits."Wedidn'tknowhowweweregoingtobantheplasticbagsbutweknewthatwewantedtoandhadthepassiontofigureitout.'（今天，BBPB是一个全球性的青年运动，在29个国家拥有50多个团队。'我们一开始没有任何明确的计划，'梅拉蒂承认。'我们不知道如何禁止塑料袋，但我们知道我们想要这样做，也有激情去解决这个问题。'）可知，从一个只有15人的小团队发展到如今的全球性的青年运动，女孩们对环保运动很有激情，态度也很坚定。故选D。

本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了受世界英雄事迹的激励，梅拉蒂•威森和妹妹伊莎贝尔俩人为了保护环境而创建BBPB，这个只有15人的小团队发展到如今的全球性的青年运动的发展历程，以及取得的成就。

1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

8~11.【答案】A、B、D、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段ThisquestionisattheheartofanewstudyinjournalFrontiersinPhysiology.Thestudyexaminedmorethan100，000strokehospitalisationsanddeathsfrombetween2001and2017inEcuador.Theresearchersassessedlevelsofstrokehospitalisationanddeathamongpeoplelivingatfourdifferentelevationranges：lowaltitude（under1，500metres），moderatealtitude（1，500—2，500metres），highaltitude（2，500—3，500metres）andveryhighaltitude（3，500—5，500metres）.（这个问题是《生理学前沿》杂志上一项新研究的核心。该研究调查了厄瓜多尔2001年至2017年期间10万多例中风住院和死亡病例。研究人员评估了生活在四个不同海拔范围的人的中风住院和死亡水平：低海拔（低于1500米）、中等海拔（1500—2500米）、高海拔（2500—3500米）和超高海拔（3500—5500米））可知，研究者们通过研究2001年至2017年期间生活在厄瓜多尔四个不同海拔范围的人的中风住院和死亡水平共计10万多例，即通过具体案例分析进行的研究。故选A项。

（2）词句猜测题。根据第三段Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewholivedathigheraltitudes（above2，500meters）tendedtoexperiencestrokeatalateragecomparedwiththoseatloweraltitudes.Theywerealsolesslikelytobehospitalizedordiebecauseofstroke.However，thisprotectiveeffectwasthegreatestbetween2，000and3，500metersandtailedoffalittleabove3，500meters.（研究结果表明，与生活在低海拔地区的人相比，生活在高海拔地区（2500米以上）的人患中风的年龄更晚。他们也不太可能因中风而住院或死亡。然而，这种保护作用在2000到3500米之间是最大的，在3500米以上一点tailedoff。）可知，海拔与中风之间的关系，起到保护作用最好的海拔为2500米到3500米之间，相比较，海拔3500以上的保护作用稍微弱一点，tailedoff与Becameless意思相近。A．Becamemore变得更多；B．Becameless变得更少；C．Becamebetter变得更好；D．Becamehigher变得更高。故选B项。

（3）细节理解题。根据第四段So，whymightlivingathighaltitudesprotectagainststroke？Itmaybethatpeoplewholiveathighaltitudehaveadaptedtothelowoxygenconditions，andmorereadilygrownewbloodvessels（血管）tohelpovercomestroke-relateddamage.Theymayalsohaveamoredevelopednetworkofvesselsintheirbrainsthathelpsthemtomakethemostoftheoxygentheytakein.（那么，为什么生活在高海拔地区可以预防中风呢？这可能是因为生活在高海拔地区的人已经适应了低氧环境，更容易长出新的血管来帮助克服与中风相关的损伤。他们的大脑中也可能有一个更发达的血管网络，帮助他们充分利用吸收的氧气。）可知，住在高海拔地区的人的身体，包括血管、大脑，都已经适应了低氧环境，故选D项。

（4）文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是第二段Howcanlivingathighaltitudesaffectyourchanceofsufferingastroke？ThisquestionisattheheartofanewstudyinjournalFrontiersinPhysiology.（生活在高海拔地区会如何影响你患中风的几率？这个问题是《生理学前沿》杂志上一项新研究的核心。）可知，文章介绍了《生理学前沿》杂志上一项关于"海拔和中风之间关系"的新研究的结果，最有可能取自科学报告，故选B项。

本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了《生理学前沿》杂志上的一项关于"海拔和中风之间关系"的新研究的结果。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

12~15.【答案】D、D、C、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Forone，humanintelligencecannotbemeasured.Thebrainisplastic，alwaysdevelopingandgrowingaswelearnfromourenvironments.Inaddition，humanintelligencereliesonhumaninteraction.（首先，人类的智力是无法测量的。大脑是可塑的，总是随着我们从环境中学习而发展和成长。此外，人类的智能依赖于人类的互动。）可知，人类的智能因大脑的发展成长而一直在改变，同时也存在互动性。所以"D．Itischangeableandinteractive它是可变的和交互式的"正确。故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第四段AIlearningofteninvolvesanindividualworkingalonewithacomputerprogram.Itcancrowdsourceinformationtohelpstudentsfindfactsabouttheirenvironment，solveaproblemandcomeupwithacreativewayforward.ButAIdoesn'tforcestudentstothinkthroughorkeepanything.Andsimplybeingfedfactsandinformationisnotthesameas'learning'.（人工智能学习通常需要一个人单独使用计算机程序。它可以集中资源信息，帮助学生找到有关环境的事实，解决问题，并提出创造性的前进道路。但人工智能不会强迫学生思考或保留任何东西。简单地接受事实和信息与'学习'是不一样的。）可知，人工智能学习的过程中，学生只是简单的接受事实和信息，没有思考或保留任何东西，并不是真正意义上的学习，所以对于学生的学习没什么帮助。所以"D．Itdoeslittlehelpwithstudents'truelearning.它对学生真正的学习没有什么帮助。"正确。故选D。

（3）观点态度题。根据第一段Afterafewdayswatchingmychildrenuseartificialintelligence-basedlearningtools，IcantellyoutheshortanswerisNO.（在观察了我的孩子们使用基于人工智能的学习工具几天后，我可以告诉你简短的答案是否定的。）以及最后一段Manyparentsdon'thavetheresources—intime，moneyorenergy—toteachtheirkidsathome.IfAIcouldfillthegaps，howgreat，right？YetthenatureofAI'teaching'asitcurrentlyexistsmeansthatstudentsmerelylevelupwithoutlearning.Whenitcomestodevelopingintelligence，nothingcanbeatwhatwehumanshavebeendoing，facetoface，forcenturies.（许多父母没有足够的资源，无论是时间、金钱还是精力，在家教育孩子。如果人工智能能填补这些空白，那该有多好，对吧？然而，目前存在的人工智能'教学'的本质意味着，学生只是在没有学习的情况下升级。说到发展智力，没有什么能比得上几个世纪以来我们人类面对面所做的事情。）可知，作者认为发展只能还得靠人类面对面的教学，许多父母因没有足够的资源，无论是时间、金钱还是精力，在家教育孩子，而选择人工智能教孩子，其实人工智能并没有填补这些空白，故作者对人工智能是不赞同的。A．Unclear不清楚的；B．Neutral中立的；C．Disapproving反对的；D．Favorable支持的。故选C。

（4）标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段HowAIwilltransformeducationisveryimportanttoschoolssuchasmine，teacherssuchasme，andhardworkingcare-giverssuchastheparentsinmycommunity.CouldAIgetourchildrentograspnewconceptsandskills？MightAIbebetterequippedtohelpthemexploittheirownintelligence？Afterafewdayswatchingmychildrenuseartificialintelligence-basedlearningtools，IcantellyoutheshortanswerisNO.（人工智能将如何改变教育，对于像我这样的学校、像我这样的老师，以及像我所在社区的父母这样勤奋的照顾者来说，都是非常重要的。人工智能能让我们的孩子掌握新的概念和技能吗？人工智能是否能更好地帮助人类开发自己的智力？在观察了我的孩子们使用基于人工智能的学习工具几天后，我可以告诉你简短的答案是否定的。）可知，作者列出多个问题，引出本文主题：人工智能能否教学生，所以"A．CouldAIReallyTeachStudents人工智能真的能教学生吗？"适合作标题，故选A。

这篇文章主要讨论了人工智能如何改变教育，以及作者对此的观点。作者观察了自己的孩子使用基于人工智能的学习工具后得出结论，认为人工智能无法帮助孩子掌握新概念和技能，也无法更好地帮助他们发挥自己的智力。人类的智力与计算机的智能不同，人类智力无法被衡量，而且依赖于人际互动。教育中越来越注重社交情感和问题解决学习，而人工智能学习通常是个体与计算机程序单独工作。人工智能可以帮助学生找到信息、解决问题和寻找创新的方法，但它不能强迫学生思考或保留任何东西。最后，作者认为在发展智力方面，没有什么能比得上人类面对面的教育。

1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

16~20.【答案】D、G、A、F、E【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前句Thattopyouboughtforapartythreeyearsago，forexampleYouworeitonceandit'sbeenhanginginyourw