Howtodealwithdictionary英文字典的选择解读课件

HowtoUseDictionariesinEnglishLanguageLearningHowtoUseDictionariesinEngContentsWhydictionaries?1Whichonetochoose?2Howtouseit?3Q&A4ContentsWhydictionaries?1Whic2WhydoEnglishlanguagelearnersneeddictionaries?Howtodealwithdictionary英文字典的选择解读课件3Whydictionaries?Acraftsmanwhowishestopracticehiscraftwellmustfirstsharpenhistools.Dictionarieshelpuslearnnewwords.Dictionarieshelpuscontextualizenewvocabulary.Dictionarieshelpusbuildlearnerautonomy.Whydictionaries?Acraftsmanw4WhichdictionaryshouldanEnglishlanguagelearnerchoose?Howtodealwithdictionary英文字典的选择解读课件5Whichone?Withsomanydictionariesonthemarket,sometimesitissimplybafflingforthelearnertochooseone.Herearesomethingsthatneededtobeconsidered:TypesofdictionariesNativedictionariesvs.learner’sdictionariesMonolingualdictionariesvs.bilingual/bilingualizeddictionariesWhichone?Withsomanydiction6TypesofdictionariesPaperdictionariesTraditional;long-lastingandrelativelycheap.Canbeusedasdeskdictionaries.Online/ComputerizeddictionariesThesedictionariesofferavastamountoflivingexamples,exercisesandotherlanguageactivities;theyarealsoeasytousewithuser-friendlysearchenginesandinterface.Mostoftheonlinedictionariesarefree.;;;;PalmtopdictionariesAbigplusofpalmtopdictionariesisthattheyholdalargeamountofdatainasmallspace,sometimesseveralpaperdictionaries.Thebiggestproblemlies,paradoxically,intheireaseofuse.Manystudentstreatthemaspockettranslatorsratherthanserioustoolsofstudy.

BACKTypesofdictionariesPaperdic7贫穷大小Big&smallWhat’sthedifferencebetweenanativelanguagedictionaryandalearner’sdictionary?贫穷大小Big&smallWhat’sthediffer8n.1aanumbelliferousplant,Daucuscarota,withataperingorange-colouredroot.bthisrootasavegetable.

--TheConciseOxfordDictionary(COD9)noun1[U,C]alongpointedorangerootvegetable.

--OxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionary(OALD6)ExampleLearner’sdictionaryNativelanguagedictionaryn.1aanumbelliferousplant,9Nativelanguagedictionaryl

spellingl

pronunciationl

meaningLearner’sdictionariesl

spellingl

pronunciationl

meaningl

grammarl

collocationl

register(语域)…NativelanguagedictionaryLear10Aboutlearner’sdictionariesTomakemonolingualEnglishdictionarieseasilyaccessibletoforeignlearners.ThefirstEnglishlearner’sdictionary

TheNewMethodEnglishDictionarywasmadeby

MichaelWestin1935.Todaymostlearner’sdictionariesadoptacontrolleddefining

vocabularyof2-3000words.Aboutlearner’sdictionariesT11OxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionary(6thedition,2000,OALD6)CollinsCOBUILDEnglishDictionaryforAdvancedLearners(3rdedition,2001,COBUILD3)MacmillanEnglishDictionaryforAdvancedLearners(2002,MED)LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(4thedition,2003,LDOCE4)CambridgeAdvancedLearner’sDictionary(2ndedition,2003,CALD2)Alistoflearner’sdictionariesOxfordAdvancedLearner’sDict12DetailedgrammaticalinformationAttentiontocollocationRichexamplesInformationaboutwordfrequenciesExplanatorynotesFeaturesoflearner’sdictionariesExamples

Detailedgrammaticalinformat13Detailedgrammaticalinformationsuggest

[…]v.tr.1(oftenfoll.by

that+

clause)propose(atheory,plan,orhypothesis)(suggestedtothemthattheyshouldwait;suggestedadifferentplan).--TheConciseOxfordDictionary(COD9)Detailedgrammaticalinformati14suggest[…]verb

1 ~sth(tosb)

toputforwardanideaoraplanforotherpeopletothinkabout

SYN

PROPOSE:[VN]MayIsuggestawhitewinewiththisdish,Sir?

Asolutionimmediatelysuggesteditselftome(=Iimmediatelythoughtofasolution).

[V(that)]Isuggest(that)wegoouttoeat.

[V-ing]Isuggestedgoinginmycar.

[VNthat]Ithasbeensuggestedthatbrightchildrentaketheirexamsearly.

(BrEalso)Ithasbeensuggestedthatbrightchildrenshouldtaketheirexamsearly.

--OxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionary(OALD6)Youcannot‘suggestsomebodysomething’:Canyousuggestmeagooddictionary?

HELPDetailedgrammaticalinformationsuggest[…]verb1 ~sth(tos151.anounphrase,

2.anounphraseplusaprepositionalphrasetosomebody(not

suggestsomebodysomething),

3.athatclause(withthatbeingoptional),

4.the–ingformofaverbphrase;

5.andthatinaconstructionlike“Ithasbeensuggestedthat...”thewordthatisobligatory;

6.

andthatinBritishEnglishtheremaybethemodalauxiliary

shouldintheverbphraseofthethatclause,otherwisetheverbisinitsbaseform.

SuggestcanbefollowedbyDetailedgrammaticalinformation1.anounphrase,

Suggestcan16

wind11[…]strong/highwinds

Theforecastisforstrongwindsandheavyrain.|gale/hurricaneforcewinds[…]Thelightwindruffledthewater.

rain11[…]heavy/torrential/pouringrain(=alotofrain)Therewillbeheavyraininmostpartsofthecountry.|Thelightrainhadstopped.LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish

(LDOCE42003)Attentiontocollocation

wind1LongmanDictionaryofCo17haveknowledge

acquire/gainknowledge(=learnsomething)

technical/scientificknowledge

in-depthknowledge

detailedknowledge

specialistknowledge(=knowledgeaboutaparticularsubject)

first-hand/personalknowledge(knowledgefromexperiencingsomethingforyourself)...Youneedspecialistknowledgetodothisjob.|[+of]Hisknowledgeofancientcivilizationisunrivalled.|[+about]theneedtoincreaseknowledgeaboutbirthcontrol|ManyofthestudentsdidnothavemuchknowledgeofAmericanhistory.|salesmenwithgoodtechnicalknowledgeofwhattheyareselling...Knowledge(LDOCE4)Attentiontocollocationhaveknowledge

acquire/gain18RichexamplesLDOCE4containsthelargestnumberofexamples—155,000inall.OnitsCD-ROMthereare80,000additionalexamplesplusoveramillioncorpussentences.RichexamplesLDOCE4containst19InformationaboutwordfrequenciesLDOCE4marksthefirst3000mostfrequentlyusedwordsinspeechandwritingintheformofS1S2S3W1W2W3Informationaboutwordfrequen20InMacmillanEnglishDictionarytherearealsothreefrequencybands,buttheycoverabout7,300words:

★★★ 2300veryhighfrequencywords★★ 2360highfrequencywords★ 2640quitehighfrequencywords.InformationaboutwordfrequenciesInMacmillanEnglishDictionar21COBUILD3distinguishesfivefrequencybandstotaling14,600words:

◆◆◆◆◆680words◆◆◆◆

1040words◆◆◆

1580words◆◆

3200words◆

8100words

InformationaboutwordfrequenciesCOBUILD3distinguishesfivefr22Informationaboutwordfrequencies3000talkaboutawiderangeofeverydaytopicsandreadsimplifiedEnglishbooks7000haveabasicworkingknowledgeofEnglish14000asproficientasagoodEnglish-majorgraduateHowmanyEnglishwordsdoyouhave?Informationaboutwordfrequen23ExplanatorynotesLDOCE4WORDCHOICE:call,phone,telephone,ringInspokenEnglish,itisusualtosaythatyoucallorphonesomeone:Hecallsmealmosteveryday.|Phonemewhenyougetthere.InspokenBritishEnglish,itisalsoveryusualtosaythatyouringsomeone:HaveyourungKimyet?ItisfairlyformalandnotveryusualinspokenEnglishtosaythatyoutelephonesomeone.[...]ExplanatorynotesLDOCE4WORDCH24

LDOCE4WORDFOCUS:wordsmeaningCHEAPreasonablenottooexpensive|economicalusedaboutcars,systems,ormethodsthatdonotcostalotofmoneytouse|begoodvaluetobewellworththepriceyoupay|beabargaintobeverycheapExplanatorynotesLDOCE4WORDFOCUS:wordsmeani25LDOCE4GRAMMAR

(just)incaseincaseisfollowedbythesimplepresent,thesimplepast,or‘should’:Writeitdownincaseyouforget(NOTincaseyouwillforget).|Ihadasnack,justincasetherewasnotime(NOTincasetherewouldbenotime)toeatlater.|Here’sacontactnumber,incasethereshould(NOTwill/would)beaproblem.[…]ExplanatorynotesBACKLDOCE4GRAMMAR(just)incaseEx26What’sthedifferencebetweenbilingualdictionariesandbilingualizeddictionaries?

Abilingualdictionary(双语词典)isoneinwhichtheheadwordsareinonelanguageandthedefinitionsinanotherlanguage.Bilingualizeddictionaries(双解词典)arenativelanguagedictionarieswithforeignlanguagetranslation.What’sthedifferencebetween27《新英汉词典》(ANewEnglish-ChineseDictionary,2000)Bilingualdictionaries《新英汉词典》(ANewEnglish-Chinese28OxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionary《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》,1997BilingualizeddictionariesOxfordAdvancedLearner’sEngl29Myadvice(1)StartbyusingabilingualizedEnglishlearner’sdictionaryandswitchtothelatesteditionofamonolinguallearner’sdictionary.Whichdictionary?Myadvice(1)Whichdictionary?30Myadvice(2)DoinstallacomputerizeddictionaryonyourPC.Whichdictionary?Myadvice(2)Whichdictionary?31Myadvice(3)Betternottousepocketdictionariesandpalmtopelectronicdictionarieswithoutexamples.Whenyoudousepalmtopdictionaries,treatthemwiththedignityandrespectathickpaperdictionarydeserves.Whichdictionary?Myadvice(3)Whichdictionary?32Howshouldlanguagelearnersusetheirdictionaries?Howtodealwithdictionary英文字典的选择解读课件33HowtousedictionariesNowyouhavemadeyourpickofdictionaries!Howtousethem?Hereareafewguidelines.Readtheguidetothedictionaryandfamiliarizeyourselfwithallthesymbols,abbreviations,andnotemarkers.(Turntodictionariesforexample.)Whenyoulookupawordinthedictionary,makesureyoufindthefollowinginformation:pronunciation,itsmeaninginthecontext,examples,andcollocation.Consolidatewhatyou’vejustlearnedbymakingafewsentencesofyourownorbyfinishingtheexercisesprovided.Payspecialattentiontoanynotesattached–differencesbetweenAmE&BrE,usagenotes,etc.Ifpossible,trytoextendyourknowledgeoftheword–othermajormeanings,grammarnotes,synonyms/antonyms,reflections,etc.HowtousedictionariesNowyou34Let’stake“suggest”asanexample!Howtodealwithdictionary英文字典的选择解读课件35 Everythingabouthimsuggestedacarefullydressedauthority.Lookupthiswordin:LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(4thedition,2003,LDOCE4)CambridgeAdvancedLearner’sDictionary(2ndedition,2003,CALD2)Andtheirrespectivecomputerizedversions. Everythingabouthimsuggeste36LayoutAllmeaningslistedunderthesameheadword,eachwithrespectivesynonymsDefinitionsPlainerWithrelatedphrasesOthersWordorigin,phrasebank,examplesbankLanguageactivatorwithsynonymslistedunderdifferentcontextsLayoutThewordhas3entries,eachwithadifferentmeaningwithrespectivesynonyms,verbendings,andwordbuildingDefinitionsSimpleenoughPhrasesincorporatedintoexamplesOthersSmartthesauruswithallthesynonymsandexampleslistedLDOCE4CALD2LayoutAllmeaningslistedunde37Doyouhaveanyquestions?Howtodealwithdictionary英文字典的选择解读课件38ThankYou!ThankYou!HowtoUseDictionariesinEnglishLanguageLearningHowtoUseDictionariesinEngContentsWhydictionaries?1Whichonetochoose?2Howtouseit?3Q&A4ContentsWhydictionaries?1Whic41WhydoEnglishlanguagelearnersneeddictionaries?Howtodealwithdictionary英文字典的选择解读课件42Whydictionaries?Acraftsmanwhowishestopracticehiscraftwellmustfirstsharpenhistools.Dictionarieshelpuslearnnewwords.Dictionarieshelpuscontextualizenewvocabulary.Dictionarieshelpusbuildlearnerautonomy.Whydictionaries?Acraftsmanw43WhichdictionaryshouldanEnglishlanguagelearnerchoose?Howtodealwithdictionary英文字典的选择解读课件44Whichone?Withsomanydictionariesonthemarket,sometimesitissimplybafflingforthelearnertochooseone.Herearesomethingsthatneededtobeconsidered:TypesofdictionariesNativedictionariesvs.learner’sdictionariesMonolingualdictionariesvs.bilingual/bilingualizeddictionariesWhichone?Withsomanydiction45TypesofdictionariesPaperdictionariesTraditional;long-lastingandrelativelycheap.Canbeusedasdeskdictionaries.Online/ComputerizeddictionariesThesedictionariesofferavastamountoflivingexamples,exercisesandotherlanguageactivities;theyarealsoeasytousewithuser-friendlysearchenginesandinterface.Mostoftheonlinedictionariesarefree.;;;;PalmtopdictionariesAbigplusofpalmtopdictionariesisthattheyholdalargeamountofdatainasmallspace,sometimesseveralpaperdictionaries.Thebiggestproblemlies,paradoxically,intheireaseofuse.Manystudentstreatthemaspockettranslatorsratherthanserioustoolsofstudy.

BACKTypesofdictionariesPaperdic46贫穷大小Big&smallWhat’sthedifferencebetweenanativelanguagedictionaryandalearner’sdictionary?贫穷大小Big&smallWhat’sthediffer47n.1aanumbelliferousplant,Daucuscarota,withataperingorange-colouredroot.bthisrootasavegetable.

--TheConciseOxfordDictionary(COD9)noun1[U,C]alongpointedorangerootvegetable.

--OxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionary(OALD6)ExampleLearner’sdictionaryNativelanguagedictionaryn.1aanumbelliferousplant,48Nativelanguagedictionaryl

spellingl

pronunciationl

meaningLearner’sdictionariesl

spellingl

pronunciationl

meaningl

grammarl

collocationl

register(语域)…NativelanguagedictionaryLear49Aboutlearner’sdictionariesTomakemonolingualEnglishdictionarieseasilyaccessibletoforeignlearners.ThefirstEnglishlearner’sdictionary

TheNewMethodEnglishDictionarywasmadeby

MichaelWestin1935.Todaymostlearner’sdictionariesadoptacontrolleddefining

vocabularyof2-3000words.Aboutlearner’sdictionariesT50OxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionary(6thedition,2000,OALD6)CollinsCOBUILDEnglishDictionaryforAdvancedLearners(3rdedition,2001,COBUILD3)MacmillanEnglishDictionaryforAdvancedLearners(2002,MED)LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(4thedition,2003,LDOCE4)CambridgeAdvancedLearner’sDictionary(2ndedition,2003,CALD2)Alistoflearner’sdictionariesOxfordAdvancedLearner’sDict51DetailedgrammaticalinformationAttentiontocollocationRichexamplesInformationaboutwordfrequenciesExplanatorynotesFeaturesoflearner’sdictionariesExamples

Detailedgrammaticalinformat52Detailedgrammaticalinformationsuggest

[…]v.tr.1(oftenfoll.by

that+

clause)propose(atheory,plan,orhypothesis)(suggestedtothemthattheyshouldwait;suggestedadifferentplan).--TheConciseOxfordDictionary(COD9)Detailedgrammaticalinformati53suggest[…]verb

1 ~sth(tosb)

toputforwardanideaoraplanforotherpeopletothinkabout

SYN

PROPOSE:[VN]MayIsuggestawhitewinewiththisdish,Sir?

Asolutionimmediatelysuggesteditselftome(=Iimmediatelythoughtofasolution).

[V(that)]Isuggest(that)wegoouttoeat.

[V-ing]Isuggestedgoinginmycar.

[VNthat]Ithasbeensuggestedthatbrightchildrentaketheirexamsearly.

(BrEalso)Ithasbeensuggestedthatbrightchildrenshouldtaketheirexamsearly.

--OxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionary(OALD6)Youcannot‘suggestsomebodysomething’:Canyousuggestmeagooddictionary?

HELPDetailedgrammaticalinformationsuggest[…]verb1 ~sth(tos541.anounphrase,

2.anounphraseplusaprepositionalphrasetosomebody(not

suggestsomebodysomething),

3.athatclause(withthatbeingoptional),

4.the–ingformofaverbphrase;

5.andthatinaconstructionlike“Ithasbeensuggestedthat...”thewordthatisobligatory;

6.

andthatinBritishEnglishtheremaybethemodalauxiliary

shouldintheverbphraseofthethatclause,otherwisetheverbisinitsbaseform.

SuggestcanbefollowedbyDetailedgrammaticalinformation1.anounphrase,

Suggestcan55

wind11[…]strong/highwinds

Theforecastisforstrongwindsandheavyrain.|gale/hurricaneforcewinds[…]Thelightwindruffledthewater.

rain11[…]heavy/torrential/pouringrain(=alotofrain)Therewillbeheavyraininmostpartsofthecountry.|Thelightrainhadstopped.LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish

(LDOCE42003)Attentiontocollocation

wind1LongmanDictionaryofCo56haveknowledge

acquire/gainknowledge(=learnsomething)

technical/scientificknowledge

in-depthknowledge

detailedknowledge

specialistknowledge(=knowledgeaboutaparticularsubject)

first-hand/personalknowledge(knowledgefromexperiencingsomethingforyourself)...Youneedspecialistknowledgetodothisjob.|[+of]Hisknowledgeofancientcivilizationisunrivalled.|[+about]theneedtoincreaseknowledgeaboutbirthcontrol|ManyofthestudentsdidnothavemuchknowledgeofAmericanhistory.|salesmenwithgoodtechnicalknowledgeofwhattheyareselling...Knowledge(LDOCE4)Attentiontocollocationhaveknowledge

acquire/gain57RichexamplesLDOCE4containsthelargestnumberofexamples—155,000inall.OnitsCD-ROMthereare80,000additionalexamplesplusoveramillioncorpussentences.RichexamplesLDOCE4containst58InformationaboutwordfrequenciesLDOCE4marksthefirst3000mostfrequentlyusedwordsinspeechandwritingintheformofS1S2S3W1W2W3Informationaboutwordfrequen59InMacmillanEnglishDictionarytherearealsothreefrequencybands,buttheycoverabout7,300words:

★★★ 2300veryhighfrequencywords★★ 2360highfrequencywords★ 2640quitehighfrequencywords.InformationaboutwordfrequenciesInMacmillanEnglishDictionar60COBUILD3distinguishesfivefrequencybandstotaling14,600words:

◆◆◆◆◆680words◆◆◆◆

1040words◆◆◆

1580words◆◆

3200words◆

8100words

InformationaboutwordfrequenciesCOBUILD3distinguishesfivefr61Informationaboutwordfrequencies3000talkaboutawiderangeofeverydaytopicsandreadsimplifiedEnglishbooks7000haveabasicworkingknowledgeofEnglish14000asproficientasagoodEnglish-majorgraduateHowmanyEnglishwordsdoyouhave?Informationaboutwordfrequen62ExplanatorynotesLDOCE4WORDCHOICE:call,phone,telephone,ringInspokenEnglish,itisusualtosaythatyoucallorphonesomeone:Hecallsmealmosteveryday.|Phonemewhenyougetthere.InspokenBritishEnglish,itisalsoveryusualtosaythatyouringsomeone:HaveyourungKimyet?ItisfairlyformalandnotveryusualinspokenEnglishtosaythatyoutelephonesomeone.[...]ExplanatorynotesLDOCE4WORDCH63

LDOCE4WORDFOCUS:wordsmeaningCHEAPreasonablenottooexpensive|economicalusedaboutcars,systems,ormethodsthatdonotcostalotofmoneytouse|begoodvaluetobewellworththepriceyoupay|beabargaintobeverycheapExplanatorynotesLDOCE4WORDFOCUS:wordsmeani64LDOCE4GRAMMAR

(just)incaseincaseisfollowedbythesimplepresent,thesimplepast,or‘should’:Writeitdownincaseyouforget(NOTincaseyouwillforget).|Ihadasnack,justincasetherewasnotime(NOTincasetherewouldbenotime)toeatlater.|Here’sacontactnumber,incasethereshould(NOTwill/would)beaproblem.[…]ExplanatorynotesBACKLDOCE4GRAMMAR(just)incaseEx65What’sthedifferencebetweenbilingualdictionariesandbilingualizeddictionaries?

Abilingualdictionary(双语词典)isoneinwhichtheheadwordsareinonelanguageandthedefinitionsinanotherlanguage.Bilingualizeddictionaries(双解词典)arenativelanguagedictionarieswithforeignlanguagetranslation.What’sthedifferencebetween66《新英汉词典》(ANewEnglish-ChineseDictionary,2000)Bilingualdictionaries《新英汉词典》(ANewEnglish-Chinese67OxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionary《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》,1997BilingualizeddictionariesOxfordAdvancedLearner’sEngl68Myadvice(1)StartbyusingabilingualizedEnglishlearner’sdictionaryandswitchtothelatesteditionofamonolinguallearner’sdictionary.Whichdictio