考研考博-英语-天津石油职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津石油职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Educationisoneofthekey,wordsofourtime.Amanwithoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofunfortunatecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates‘invest’,ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback"interest"intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,punctuatedbytext-books—thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom—whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?

Somuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirth;butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson"factsandfigures"andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformof"college"imaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequally,equippedforlife.

Itistheidealconditionofthe"equalstart"whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingtoall.Thereareno"illiterates"—ifthetermcanbe,appliedtopeopleswithoutascriptwhileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinnecessaryin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEnglandin1976,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof"civilized"nations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforewedeemeditnecessarytomakesurethinallonknowledgeaccumulatedbythe"happyfew"duringthepastcenturies.

Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrywhich,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparents;thereforethejunglesandthesavagesknowofno"juveniledelinquency".Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildren,andnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto"buy"aneducationforhischild.

1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis（）

.

2.Theword"interest"inparagraphonemeans（）.

3.Theauthorseems（）

.

4.Thepassageimpliesthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

问题1选项

A.TheSignificanceofEducation

B.EducationalInvestmentandItsReturns

C.Education:AComparisonofItsPastandItsPresent

D.EducationintheWilderness

问题2选项

A.capitalprofitgotbackfromtheinvestment

B.thethingsyoungpeopleareinterestedin

C.thewell-educatedandsuccessfulyoungmenandwomen

D.thewell-educatedyoungpeoplewithleadershippotential

问题3选项

A.againsttheeducationintheveryearlyhistorictimes

B.positiveaboutourpresenteducationalinstruction

C.infavoroftheeducationalpracticeinprimitivecultures

D.quitehappytoseeanequalstartforeveryone

问题4选项

A.somefamiliesnowcanhardlyaffordtosendtheirchildrentoschool

B.everyonetodayhasanequalopportunityineducation

C.every,countryinvestsheavilyineducation

D.wearenotverycertainwhetherpreachersarenecessaryornot

问题5选项

A.Onewithouteducationtodayhasnoopportunities.

B.Wehavenotyetdecidedonoureducationmodels.

C.Compulsoryschoolingislegalobligationinseveralcountriesnow.

D.Ourspiritualoutlookisbetternowthanbefore.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:通读全文可知本文主要是讲教育的重要性。选项B，C，D只是文中的部分内容，太过于片面。

第2题:根据第一段“Convinced...togetback"interest"intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.”选项D符合原文。

第3题:根据第二段的最后一句“...sothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequally,equippedforlife.”...所以在这方面每个人都是平等的。作者希望看到每个人都能有一个平等的起点。选项D符合原文。

第4题:根据第三段的第一句“Itistheidealconditionofthe"equalstart"whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.”以及第四段的第一句“Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.”可知，作者认为每个人都有平等的机会接受教育。

第5题:根据第三段“ourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinnecessaryin1642,”我们的义务教育在1642年成为法律，所以选项B我们还没有确定教育模式错误；根据第三段“andisstillnon-existentinanumberof"civilized"nations”义务教育成为法律在许多“文明”国家仍然不存在，所以选项C错误；选项D也错误，我们的精神面貌在文中只是说和以前不同，没有说比以前更好。

2.单选题

Theactual（

）ofWilson'spositionwasalways（

）byhisrefusaltocompromiseafterhavinginitiallyagreedtonegotiateasettlement.

问题1选项

A.outcome;foreshadowed

B.logic;enhanced

C.rigidity;betrayed

D.uncertainty;alleviated

【答案】C

【解析】第一个空是考查名称的辨析，outcome“结果，效果”；logic“原理,逻辑性”；rigidity“严格，刻板”；uncertainty“不确定性”；根据句子后半部分的意思可以推断出第一个空应该填rigidity,表示立场的固执僵化；第二个空是考查动词的辨析，foreshadow“成为前兆，暗示”;enhance“提高，增加（价值，品质，吸引力等）”；betray“泄露，出卖，背叛（原则或信仰）”，根据句意‘由于威尔逊在最初同意谈判以达成协议之后又拒绝让步妥协，因此，其立场实际的固执僵化总是得以暴露无遗’可知第二个空应该填betrayed，所以C选项正确。

3.单选题

InthepopularWesternimagination,Indiacontinuestobeacountryinbackwardnessandpovertywithverylittletoshow______scientificinnovationortechnologicalachievement.

问题1选项

A.forwantof

B.ingratitudeto

C.incontactwith

D.bywayof

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项forwantof“因缺乏”；B选项ingratitudeto“对……感激”；C选项incontactwith“接触，联系”；D选项bywayof“通过，经由”。句意：在西方人的普遍想象中，印度仍然是一个落后和贫穷的国家，没有什么可展示的，______科技创新或技术成就。西方人认为印度因为在科技上没有什么创新和成就，所以没什么可拿出来看的，横线处和withverylittletoshow属于因果关系，A选项forwantof“因缺乏”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

TheculturesofChinaandJapanhavesharedmanyfeatures,buteachhasusedthemaccordingtoitsnational（

）.

问题1选项

A.personality

B.temperament

C.interest

D.destiny

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。句意：中日两国文化有许多共同的特点，但两国都根据各自的国情发挥了这些特点。Nationaltemperament指“国情”，为常用搭配。选项B正确。

5.单选题

Althoughthestudyofanimalcommunicationhasplayedavitalroleinourunderstandingofhumancommunicationeversincethedawnoftime,recentresearchinthisareahasrevealedanumberofstrikingsimilaritiesbetweenanimalandhumancommunication.Researchershavediscoveredthatanimals1withhumansanumberofcharacteristics,including2associatedwithattractionandmating,territoriality,familiarties,divisionoflabor,andanumberofothertraitsthatweonce3wereuniquely“4”.

Forexample,the5betweensquirrelmonkeymothersandinfantsisnotunlikethatofhuman.Wheninfantsareseparatefromtheirmothers,theyemitloud,easily6,andindividuallyrecognizablesounds.7,themothercanfindherchildand8itsneeds.9,mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”,oradultspeechthatis10inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.

问题1选项

A.resemble

B.share

C.contrast

D.differ

问题2选项

A.what

B.that

C.those

D.ones

问题3选项

A.assumed

B.guessed

C.justified

D.reasoned

问题4选项

A.animal’s

B.humane

C.humanity

D.human

问题5选项

A.bond

B.ties

C.affection

D.joint

问题6选项

A.simulated

B.located

C.situated

D.detected

问题7选项

A.Inthisway

B.Thus

C.Becauseofthis

D.Therefore

问题8选项

A.supply

B.help

C.get

D.serve

问题9选项

A.Conversely

B.Likely

C.Likewise

D.Comparatively

问题10选项

A.altered

B.modified

C.revised

D.adapted

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:A

第9题:C

第10题:D

【解析】1.考查动词词义辨析。A选项resemble“类似”；B选项share“共用”；C选项contrast“对比；对照；显出明显的差异”；D选项differ“不同”。句意：人类交流研究人员发现，动物和人类有许多共同的特征。这里是说动物和人类有许多共同的特征，由此可知B选项正确。

2.考查非限定性定语从句。A选项“what”以及B选项“that”不能引导非限定制性定语从句，故排除A，B选项。选项D“ones”只能作为代词，不能引导非限定性定语从句，故排除。因此选项C为正确答案。

3.考查上下文语义辨析。A选项assumed“假设；（承担）责任”；B选项guessed“猜想”；C选项justified“调整；证明……正当”；D选项reasoned“说服”。上文说到研究者对动物交流的研究就在我们理解人类交流方面起着至关重要的作用，可推测此处应填研究者的推论，B选项guess指的是毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断，可排除，由此可知A选项正确。

4.考查名词词义辨析。A选项animal’s“动物，动物世界；牲畜”；B选项humane“仁慈的，人道的；高尚的”；C选项humanity“人道；仁慈；人文学科”；D选项human“人类”。中文翻译为：我们猜想我们是独一无二的人类，判断出此处D选项正确。

5.考查名词词义辨析。A选项bond“纽带”；B选项ties“结”；C选项affection“喜爱，感情；影响；感染”；D选项joint“关节；接缝”。句意：松鼠猴的母亲和婴儿之间的纽带就像人类一样。判断出A项正确。

6.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项simulated“模拟的；模仿的；仿造的”；B选项located“处于，位于；坐落的”；C选项situated“位于……的；处于……境遇的”；D选项detected“检测到的”。根据下文，themothercanfindherchild（妈妈能找到她的孩子）。可知B选项正确。

7.考查连词。A选项Inthisway“这样；用这种方法”；B选项Thus“因此；从而；这样；如此”；C选项Becauseofthis“因为这个”；D选项Therefore“因此”。由上文“当婴儿与母亲分开时，他们会发出响亮的、容易定位的、单独可识别的声音”的这种方式，可推测A选项正确。

8.考查动词词义。A选项supply“供给，提供；补充”；B选项help“帮助”；C选项get“使得；获得；受到；变成”；D选项serve“招待，供应”。根据find“找到”以及后文itsneeds“它的需要”，D选项“serve”所提供的服务是虚拟的，A选项“supply”所提供的服务是现实的，可知A选项正确。

9.考查副词词义辨析。A选项Conversely“相反地”；B选项Likely“很可能；或许”；C选项Likewise“同样地；也”；D选项Comparatively“比较地；相当地”。联系下文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”.（松鼠猴妈妈有自己的妈妈语），可知C项正确。

10.考查动词词义辨析。A选项altered“改变，改动，修改”；B选项modified“修改；更改”；C选项revised“修改；校订；复习”；D选项adapted“使适应，改编”。根据上文mothersquirrelmonkeyshavetheirownformof“motherese”（松鼠猴妈妈也有自己的妈妈语），下文inordertocommunicatewiththeirinfants.（以便与婴儿交流），B选项modified强调细小的变化，常含“缓和”的意味，可排除，D选项adapted（适应，改编）符合题意，D选项正确。

6.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChineseontheANSWERSHEET.

Twoyearsago,theUnitedNationswarnedthatadiseasecalled“Panamacoulddestroy”muchoftheworldsbananacrop.Sincethen,thingshavenotgottenbetter.AnewoutbreakwasdiscoveredlastyearinAustralia.ThediseasestartedinAsiainthe1990s,andlaterspreadtoAfricaandtheMiddleEast.

WorldhealthofficialsworrythediseasecouldtraveltoLatinAmerica,oneofthetopbananaproducersintheworld.

(41)ThePanamadiseaseisabigconcernbecausebananasareanimportantsourceofincomeandnutrientsformillionsofpeople.Theyaregrownin135tropicalnations.TheUnitedNationslistsbananasasoneofthemostimportantfoods,alongwithrice,wheatandcorn.Bananasalsocontainachemicalwhichitsaysmakespeoplefeelhappy.

RandyPloetz,aprofessorattheUniversityofFlorida,isconsideredbymanyasAmerica’stopbananaexpert,or,“topbanana.”AsheexplainedPanamadiseaseaffectstheCavendishbanana,whichisthemostpopularamongmorethan500kindsofbananas.

“Theindustryiswakinguptotheproblem,”PloetzsaidThursdaybytelephonefromMiami,Florida,wherehewasattendingtheInternationalBananaCongress.

ThemeetingwassupposedtotakeplaceinCostaRica,butwasmovedatthelastminute.TherewereconcernsbananagrowerscouldspreadPanamadiseasefromdirtcollectedontheirshoes.Ploetzsaid.

(42)Ploetz(普罗慈)saidifthediseasespreadstoLatinAmerica,itcouldhurttheworld’seconomyalongwithfoodsuppliesformillionsofpeople.Still,hesaidthereisreasonforhope.ScientistsinAustraliaareworkingonageneticallyengineeredbananathatmightnotbeatriskofgettingPanamadisease.Buthewonderedifpeoplearereadytoacceptgeneticallyengineeredbananas.

RobertBertramischiefscientistfortheU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID).Hesaidbananasareimportanttomanymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld.“InAfrica,AsiaandtropicalAmerica,bananasareanimportantfoodsourceformorethan100millionpeople,hetoldVOA.”Asacashcrop,bananasaresoldinlocal,regionalandinternationalmarkets,”Bertramsaid.Bananaexportsprovidejobsandforeignmoneythatproducingcountriesneed,hesaid.

BertramsaidUSAIDisorganizingaworldwideefforttoresistPanamadisease.Afungus,knownasTR4,causesthePanamadisease.Before2013Bertramsaid,itwaslimitedtoAsia.Sincethen,itspreadtotheMiddleEastandtoAfrica.Inthe1960s,thesamefunguswipedouttheGrosMichel,bananacrop,whichatthetimewastheworld’smostpopular.TheCavendishreplacedit.

(43)AtWageningen(瓦赫宁根)UniversityintheNetherlands,researchersarelookingforCavendish(卡文迪什)replacements.Theirworkisdifficult.ResearcherssaidthereplacementswillhavetoresistPanamadisease,andsurvivetheshippingtimeneededtogetbananastostoresthousandsofmilesawayfrombananafields.Andtheywillhavetotastegood.

【答案】41.【参考译文】

香蕉作为一项重大收入来源，同时又是数百万人的营养供给源，因此巴拿马病毒成为当前的一个大问题。全球盛产香蕉的国家有135个。联合国将香蕉，水稻，小麦和玉米列为最重要的作物。香蕉还富含一种能使人感到愉悦的化学物质。

42.【参考译文】

普罗慈说如果疾病扩散至拉丁美洲，它将威胁到世界经济以及数百万人的食品供应。他说，目前仍有挽救的余地。澳大利亚科学家们正研究可抵御巴拿马疾病的转基因香蕉，但是普罗慈认为人们是否能接受转基因香蕉仍然是一个问题。

43.【参考译文】

荷兰瓦赫宁根大学的研究人员正在寻找取代卡文迪什香蕉的新品种，这是一项艰巨的工作。研究人员表示，新品种香蕉需抵抗巴拿马疾病并能经得起长时间运输。因为香蕉需运输到几千公里外的市场。当然，得尝起来美味。

7.单选题

Sheonce（）withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

问题1选项

A.merged

B.coincided

C.constituted

D.collaborated

【答案】D

【解析】动词搭配。merge“合并,吞没”;coincide“一致,符合,同时发生”;constitute“组成,构成”;collaborate“合作”。句意:她曾经与另一位音乐家合作创作了一首流行乐曲。选项D符合句意。

8.单选题

You’llhavetochangeyour（

）oflifenowthatyouhavegotababy.

问题1选项

A.form

B.mold

C.mood

D.mode

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。form意为“形状，形式”；mold意为“模型，压模”；mood意为“心情”；mode意为“方式，风格，样式”。由changeyour____oflife（改变你的生活____）可知D选项最符合逻辑，modeoflife表示“生活方式”。

句意：既然你有了孩子，你就必须改变你的生活方式。

9.单选题

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph'sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart.excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers'disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography'sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonorPoppaintingduringthe1960's.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity——inshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,the19lbcenturydefendersofphotographystressedthatphotographywas（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,someseriouscontemporaryphotographersmaketheclaimthattheirphotographs

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）.

问题1选项

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

问题2选项

A.atechnologicallyadvancedactivity

B.adeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially

C.anartcomparabletopainting

D.anartthatwouldeventuallyreplacethetraditionalarts

问题3选项

A.areexamplesofthephotographers’impartialobservationoftheworld

B.canbecreatedbyalmostanyonewhocoulddevotetotheactivity

C.areimportantbecauseofthesubjectbutnottheresponsesoftheviewers

D.exhibitthesameprinciplesusedinpainting

问题4选项

A.contemporaryartacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutbynomeansasart

C.mechanicalcopyingofreality

D.modernartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingaimsofart

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目提问‘在这篇文章中，作者主要关心的是……？’根据第一段中“Throughoutthenineteenthcentury，thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.整个19世纪，摄影的辩护都是力争将摄影确定为艺术”和第二段中“Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.具有讽刺意味的是，虽然已经确凿无疑被认为是一种艺术，但许多摄影家认为把摄影称之为美的艺术是矫揉造作或名不副实的。”以及全文在讲“在不同的历史背景下，当代严肃的摄影师对摄影是艺术的态度”确定C选项“说明当代严肃的摄影师对摄影作为艺术的态度，并把这些态度放在他们的历史的背景中”正确。

2.细节事实题。题目提问‘据作者说，19世纪摄影的捍卫者强调摄影是……？’根据第一段中“Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.为了反驳摄影是对现实的没有灵魂的机械复制的指责，摄影家断言：恰恰相反，摄影是观看事物的一种特有形式，是对普通视觉的一种背离，是一种与绘画有同样价值的艺术。”确定C选项“一种堪比绘画的艺术”正确。

3.细节事实题。题目提问‘根据这篇文章，一些严肃的当代摄影师声称他们的照片……？’根据第二段中“Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.严肃的摄影师们声称自己在寻找、记录、公正地观察、见证事件、探索自己——但绝不是在创作艺术作品。”确定A选项“是摄影师公正地观察世界的例子”正确。

4.细节事实题。题目提问‘从文章中可以推断，作者最可能认为严肃的当代摄影是一个……？’根据第二段中“ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.它表明了他们对现代主义胜利强加给他们的艺术概念是多么地想当然：艺术越好，它对传统艺术目标的颠覆性就越大。”确定D选项“一种现代艺术，显示了试图颠覆艺术盛行的现代主义趋势”正确。

10.单选题

Thesingerusedtoplaybadmintonwithyou,（）?

问题1选项

A.didn’the

B.usedhe

C.didhe

D.goneoff

【答案】A

【解析】考查反义疑问句。陈述部分的谓语是usedto，疑问部分要用didn't+主语或usedn’t+主语。所以只有选项A正确。

11.单选题

Inthatwar-torncountry,homelessorphanchildren’splightisquite（）.

问题1选项

A.deceptive

B.perceptive

C.pathetic

D.perpetual

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。deceptive欺诈的；perceptive感知的；pathetic可怜的；perpetual永久的。句意：在那个饱受战争摧残的国家里，无家可归的孤儿的处境十分悲惨。选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

Whenyouleaveajobwithatraditionalpension,don'tassumeyou'velostthechancetocollectit.You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned——andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow.“Alotofpeopleforgettheyhaveit,ortheythinkthatbywaitinguntilthey're65,they'llhaveabiggerbenefit,”saysWayneBogosian,presidentofthePFEGroup,whichprovidescorporatepre-retirementeducation.

Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.Ifit'slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsateightpercentinterestis$23,000.Ifyourpensionisworthmorethan$5,000,oryourcompanydoesn'tofferthelump-sumoption,findouthowmuchmoneyyou'reeligibleforattheplan'snormalretirementage,theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.You'llprobablystillcomeoutaheadbytakingthemoneynowandinvestingit.

Whatifyouleftajobyearsago,andyou'rerealizingyoumayhaveunwittinglyleftbehindapension?GethelpfromthePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporation.Ithasanonlinesearchtoolthathashelpedlocate$47millioninlostbenefitsformorethan12,000workers.

Ifyouhaveatraditionalpension,retiringearlycostsmorethanyoumightexpect.Mostpeopleassumeyoutakeaproportionalcutforleavingbeforeyourplan'snormalretirementage.Forexample,youmightthinkthatifyouneedtoaccrue30yearsofserviceandyouleavethreeyearsearly,you'dgetapension90percentofthefullamount.

Butthat'snothowitworks.Instead,youtakeanactuarialreduction,determinedbytheemployerbutoftenaroundfivepercentayear,foreachyearyouleaveearly.Soretiringthreeyearsearlycouldleaveyouwithonly85percentofthetotalamount.

Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.Ifyouretirewhenyou're55,forexample,andstartusingthetraditionalpensionthen,byage65you'llhaveonlyabouthalfofwhatyouwouldhavehadifyou'dkeptworkinguntil65.

1.Whenoneleavesajobwithatraditionalpension,（）

2.Ifoneleavesearlybeforehisplan'snormalretirementage,（）

3.Ifoneretiresearlywithadefined-contributionplan,heisexpectedto（）

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthesubtitleforthelastthreeparagraphs?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.hetendstoforgetthathehasthepension

B.hehasnorighttoaskforthepension

C.he'llhaveabiggerbenefitthanifhewaitsuntiltheageof65

D.hehasaspecifiedworthofpension

问题2选项

A.he'lltake90percentofthetotalamountofhispension

B.he'llhavehalfofhispensionpayments

C.he'llhavehispensionpaymentreducedby5%ayear

D.he'llhaveonly85percentofhisfullpension

问题3选项

A.earnlessinterest.

B.bebetteroffthanwithatraditionalpension.

C.startinvestmentimmediately.

D.getlessSocialSecuritybenefits.

问题4选项

A.YourPayoutIsNotGuaranteed.

B.TheRetirementDilemma.

C.LeaveEarly,LoseBig.

D.TakethePensionwithYou.

问题5选项

A.Ifoneleaves3yearsearlyona30-year-servicebasis,hewon'tgetapensionworth27/30ths.

B.Itpaystogetanearlyretirementifoneunderstandshowretirementpensionplanworks.

C.ThePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporationhelpstheretireetorecoverlastbenefits.

D.Ifonekeepshisexpenseswithinhisretirementframework,hewon'tbeseverelyaffected.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:根据第一段，当一个人带着传统的养老金离开工作岗位时，他会有一定金额的养老金。选项D正确。

第2题:根据第五段的第二句，相反，你可以根据雇主的决定得到5%左右的精算减值。选项C正确。

第3题:根据最后一段，当你提前退休并制定固定缴款计划时，问题是你开始把钱花在可以赚取利息的投资上，如果你在55岁退休，开始使用传统的养老金，到65岁时，你将只有你一直工作到65岁时的一半。选项A正确。

第4题:根据最后三段的内容可知，主要是讲提前退休将会损失更多，所以选项C正确。

第5题:根据第二段“theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.”所以选项B错误。

13.单选题

Aseriesofrifleshotsdisturbedthe（

）ofthecampgrounds.

问题1选项

A.solidarity

B.tranquility

C.equanimity

D.propinquity

【答案】B

【解析】solidarity团结；tranquility宁静，平静；equanimity镇定；propinquity接近，邻近。句意：一连串的步枪射击打破了营地的宁静。选项B符合语境。

14.单选题

Dogownersmust（）thedog’swasteincontainersprovidedthroughoutthepark.

问题1选项

A.pickup

B.setaside

C.disposeof

D.takeoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项pickup“捡起；获得；收拾”；B选项setaside“留出；驳回，撤销；不顾”；C选项disposeof“处理；转让；解决；吃光；除掉；卖掉”；D选项takeoff“起飞；脱下；离开；突然成功”。句意：养狗人必须用公园内提供的容器处理狗的排泄物。A选项pickup应该更侧重于捡起狗狗拉在地上的排泄物，而题干中说到了在容器内，在容器内处理狗狗的排泄物更适合，因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

Itishardtopredictthecompany’sfutureatthis（）.

问题1选项

A.juncture

B.junction

C.jungle

D.junk

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。atthisjuncture“在此时；值此之际”。句意：在此时难以预测这家公司的未来。A选项正确。

16.单选题

Wemustlivewiththeknowledgethatalllivingcreaturesare___.

问题1选项

A.moral

B.fierce

C.fatal

D.mortal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项moral“道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”；B选项fierce“凶猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的”；C选项fatal“致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命中注定的”；D选项mortal“凡人的；致死的；终有一死的；不共戴天的”。句意：我们必须认识到，所有生物都是终有一死的。故选D。

17.单选题

Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints―periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatleaders.Italsohashadclearandfirmnotionsofscholarlyprocedure:howoneinquiresintoahistoricalproblem,howonepresentsanddocumentsone’sfindings,whatconstitutesadmissibleandadequateproof.

Anyonewhohasfollowedrecenthistoricalliteraturecantestifytotherevolutionthatistakingplaceinhistoricalstudies.Thecurrentlyfashionablesubjectscomedirectlyfromthesociologycatalog:childhood,work,leisure.Thenewsubjectsareaccompaniedbynewmethods.Wherehistoryoncewasprimarilynarrative,itisnowentirelyanalytic.Theoldquestions“Whathappened?”and“Howdidithappen?”havegivenwaytothequestion“Whydidithappen?”Prominentamongthemethodsusedtoanswerthequestion“Why”ispsychoanalysis,anditsusehasgivenrisetopsychohistory.

Psychohistorydoesnotmerelyusepsychologicalexplanationsinhistoricalcontexts.Historianshavealwaysusedsuchexplanationswhentheywereappropriateandwhentherewassufficientevidenceforthem.Butthispragmaticuseofpsychologyisnotwhatpsychohistoriansintend.Theyarecommitted,notjusttopsychologyingeneral,buttoFreudianpsychoanalysis.Thiscommitmentprecludesacommitmenttohistoryashistorianshavealwaysunderstoodit.Psychohistoryderivesits“facts”notfromhistory,thedetailedrecordsofeventsandtheirconsequences,butfrompsychoanalysisoftheindividualswhomadehistory,anddeducesitstheoriesnotfromthisorthatinstanceintheirlives,butfromaviewofhumannaturethattranscendshistory.Itdeniesthebasiccriterionofhistoricalevidence:thatevidencebepubliclyaccessibleto,andthereforeassessableby,allhistorians.Anditviolatesthebasictenetofhistoricalmethod:thathistoriansbealerttothenegativeinstancesthatwouldrefutetheirtheses.Psychohistorians,convincedoftheabsoluterightnessoftheirowntheories,arealsoconvincedthattheirsisthe“deepest”explanationofanyevent,thatotherexplanationsfallshortofthetruth.

Psychohistoryisnotcontenttoviolatethedisciplineofhistory(inthesenseofthe