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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大庆师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Environmentalistsaredoingeverythingwithintheirpowerto()theimpactoftheoilspill.

问题1选项

A.reject

B.belittle

C.minimize

D.reclaim

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

动词词义辨析。reject“拒绝”;belittle“轻视,贬低”;minimize“最小化”;reclaim“开拓,回收利用”。句意:环保人士正在尽其所能将石油泄漏的影响降到最低。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould(

)themassoonaspossible.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.reclaim

C.refrain

D.reckon

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。rectify“改正”;reclaim“取回,收回”;refrain“节制,克制,避免”;reckon“认为,假定”。句意:你一旦知道你错在哪里,你就应该尽快改正。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.

Thecostofaproductintermsofmoneymaynotmeasureitstruecosttosociety.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety’savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustbetakenintoaccount.Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere—iftheleathercanbeusedtoproducehandbagsthatarevaluedhighlybyconsumers,thepriceofleatherwillbebidupcorrespondingly.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheopportunitycostsofanitem?

2.Whatistherelationshipbetweenproductionandresources?

3.Whatdeterminesthepriceofagoodsinamarketeconomy?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatareeconomistsconcernedaboutwithregardtoresources?

问题1选项

A.Thepriceofthematerial,laborandotherelementsconsumedinmanufacturingit.

B.Theamountoftimeandmoneyspentinproducingit.

C.Thevalueofalltheresourcesusedinitsproduction.

D.Thevalueofwhatcouldhavebeenproducedinstead.

问题2选项

A.Productionreducestheamountofavailableresources.

B.Productionhasnothingtodowithresources.

C.Productionincreasesasresourcesincrease.

D.Productionisstimulatedbyavailableresources.

问题3选项

A.Thecostofallelementsinvolvedinproduction.

B.Thequantityofmaterialssupplied.

C.Theefficiencyofthemanufacturingprocess.

D.Thecostoflabor.

问题4选项

A.Thecostofaproductreflectsitsusefulnessinsociety.

B.Thecostofaproductdependsonitsquality.

C.Thepriceofaproductreflectsitsusefulnessinsociety.

D.Thepriceofaproductreflectsitsopportunitycosts.

问题5选项

A.Howtotapnaturalresources.

B.Howtocopewithabsolutescarcityofresources.

C.Howtouseavailableresourcesappropriately.

D.Howtoconvertabsolutescarcityofresourcesintorelativeone.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章,一个商品的机会成本是什么?”。根据第二段中的Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasupersonicjetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety'savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustbetakenintoaccount.(比如说,建造一架超音速飞机的真正成本是因此造成学校和冰箱永远不会被建立。每一种生产行为都会消耗一些社会可用资源;它意味着放弃一个生产其他东西的机会。在决定如何最有效地利用资源以满足社会需求时,必须考虑到这种机会成本。)可知,机会成本是指一种生产行为导致了另外一种生产的机会的丧失,即生产一种产品的机会成本可能是生产其他产品的价值,D项“本可以生产的东西的价值”正确;A项“生产过程中所消耗的材料、劳动力和其他要素的价格”、B项“生产它所花费的时间和金钱”和C项“生产过程中使用的所有资源的价值”都是包括在“生产一种产品是生产其他产品的价值”内。因此,该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“生产与资源的关系是什么?”。根据第一段Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity…Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.(无论在绝对意义上还是相对意义上,资源都可以说是稀缺的:地球表面是有限的,这是绝对稀缺……为一种目的使用的材料不得同时为其他目的使用;如果一种投入的数量是有限的,那么它在一个生产过程中的增加使用必然会导致它在其他方面的可用性更少。)可以推知,如果资源投入的数量有限,生产过程中的增加使用会减少可用资源的数量,A项“生产减少了可用资源的数量”正确;由此也可知B项“生产与资源无关”和C项“生产随着资源的增加而增加”错误;D项“生产是由可用资源刺激的”不能推断出来。因此,该题选择A项正确。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“在市场经济中,什么决定了一件商品的价格?”。根据第二段中的Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.(在市场经济中,一种商品的价格和供给量取决于生产该商品的成本,而成本最终是不生产其他商品的成本。)可知,A项“生产中涉及的所有要素的成本”正确;由此也可知B项“提供材料的数量”和C项“生产过程的效率”错误;D项“劳动力成本”是包括在成本之内的,除了劳动力成本还有其他要素的成本。因此,该题选择A项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“根据文章,下列哪个陈述是正确的?”。由第二段中的Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodsandthequantitysupplieddependsonthecostofmakingit,andthecost,ultimately,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismenforcesthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhere…(在市场经济中,一种商品的价格和供给量取决于生产该商品的成本,而成本最终是不生产其他商品的成本。比方说,一双鞋的成本就是皮革、燃料和生产过程中所消耗的其他元素的价格。但反过来,这些原料的价格取决于它们在其他地方能生产什么……)可知,产品的价格取决于生产中涉及的所有要素的成本,反过来,投入的材料的价格由能够生产的其他产品决定,即机会成本,所以可以推断,产品的价格反映了机会成本,D项“产品的价格反映了它的机会成本”正确;由此也可知C项“产品的价格反映了它在社会中的实用性”错误;A项“产品成本反映了它在社会中的实用性”表述不正确,产品的成本有很多要素,其中的原料要素成本才是反映它在社会中的实用性;B项“产品的成本取决于它的质量”错误,产品的成本包括很多要素,而其中的原料成本取决于能够生产的其他产品是什么。因此,该题选择D项正确。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“在资源方面,经济学家关心什么?”。第一段讲了资源的相对稀缺性:Resourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandarelativesense:thesurfaceoftheearthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthequantityofaninputislimited,theincreaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.(无论在绝对意义上还是相对意义上,资源都可以说是稀缺的:地球表面是有限的,这是绝对稀缺;但是,经济学家关注的稀缺性是不同用途资源的相对稀缺性。为一种目的使用的材料不得同时为其他目的使用;如果一种投入的数量是有限的,那么它在一个生产过程中的增加使用必然会导致它在其他方面的可用性更少。)然后第二段主要阐述产品的机会成本,综合推理可知,在资源方面,经济学家关心的是如何利用现有的资源,C项“如何合理利用现有资源”正确;A项“如何开发自然资源”文中没有提及;B项“如何应对资源的绝对稀缺”不正确,在第一段就提到了经济学家关注的是相对稀缺性;D项“如何将资源的绝对稀缺转化为相对稀缺”与文意不符。因此,该题选择C项正确。

4.单选题

Iftheoldmaximthatthecustomerisalwaysrightstillhasmeaning,thentheairlinesthatplytheworld’sbusiestairroutebetweenLondonandParishaveaflightontheirhands.

TheEurostartrainservicelinkingtheUKandFrenchcapitalsviatheChannelTunneliswinningcustomersinincreasingnumbers.InlateMay,itcarrieditsonemillionthpassengers,havingrunonlyalimitedservicebetweenLondon,ParisandBrusselssinceNovember1994,startingwithtwotrainsadayineachdirectiontoParisandBrussels.By1997,thecompanybelievesthatitwillbecarryingtenmillionpassengersayear,andcontinuetogrowfromthere.

FromJuly,EurostarstepsitsservicetoninetrainseachwaybetweenLondonandParis,andfivebetweenLondonandBrussels.Eachtraincarriesalmost800passengers,210oftheminfirstclass.

Theairlinesestimatethattheywillinitiallylosearound15%-20%oftheirLondon-ParistraffictotherailwaysonceEurostarstartsafullservicelaterthisyear(1995),with15trainsadayeachway.AsimilarservicewillstarttoBrussels.Thedamagewillbelimited,however,theairlinesbelieve,withpassengernumbersreturningtopreviouslevelswithintwotothreeyears.

Intheshortterm,thedamagecausedbythe1millionpeople-levelstravelingbetweenLondonandParisandBrusselsonEurostartrainsmeansthatsomeairservicesarealreadysuffering.Someofthemajorcarrierssaythattheirpassengernumbersaredownbylessthan5%andpointtotheirrivals-ParticularlyAirFrance—ashavingsufferedtheproblems.OntheBrusselsroute,therailwaycompanyhadlesssuccess,andtheairlinesreportanythingfromarounda5%droptonovisibledeclineintraffic.

Theairlines’optimismonreturningtrafficlevelsisbasedonhistoricalprecedent.BritishMidland,forexample,pointstoitsexperienceonHeathrowLeedsBradfordservicewhichsawpassengernumbersfoldby15%whenBritishRailelectrifiedandmodernizedtherailwaylinebetweenLondonandYorkshire.Twoyearslater,travelhadrisenbetweenthetwodestinationstothepointwheretheairlinewascarryingrecordnumbersofpassengers.

41.Britishairlinesconfideinthefactthat().

42.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthedropofpassengersmaybedescribedas().

43.Inthepassage,BritishRail(Para6)ismentionedto().

44.Therailway’sBrusselsrouteisbroughtforthtoshowthat().

45.Thepassageistakenfromthefirstofanessay,fromwhichwemaywellpredictthatinthefollowingparttheauthorisgoingto().

问题1选项

A.theyaremorepowerfulthanotherEuropeanairlines

B.theirtotallosswon’tgobeyondadropof5%passengers

C.theirtrafficlevelswillreturnin2-3years

D.travelingbyrailcannevercatchupwithtravelingbyair

问题2选项

A.worried.

B.delighted

C.puzzled

D.unrivaled

问题3选项

A.provideacomparisonwithEurostar

B.supporttheairlines’optimism

C.provetheinevitabledropofairpassengers

D.callforelectrificationandmodernizationoftherailway

问题4选项

A.theEurostartrainserviceisnotdoinggoodbusiness

B.theairlinescanwellcompetewiththerailway

C.theEurostartrainserviceonlycausedlittledamage

D.onlysomeairlines,suchasAirFrance,aresuffering

问题5选项

A.praisetheairlines’clear-mindedness

B.warntheairlinesofhigh-speedrailservices

C.proposeareductionofLondon/Parisflights

D.advisetheairlinestofollowBritishMidlandastheirmodel

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】41.细节理解题。根据文章第四段,“Thedamagewillbelimited,however,theairlinesbelieve,withpassengernumbersreturningtopreviouslevelswithintwotothreeyears.”,可知航空公司相信,损失将是有限的,乘客数量将在两到三年内恢复到以前的水平。可判断出英国航空公司坚信他们的交通水平将在2-3年内恢复。选项C符合题意。

42.作者态度题。纵观全文,作者认为列车的开通对航空公司的影响力度是有限的,客人最后还是会重新选择航空运输,所以对乘客数目下降的现象还是持乐观态度的,但是从整篇文章的语气来看,作者还是心存担忧的。选项A符合题意。

43.推断题。根据文章第四段,“theairlinesbelieve,withpassengernumbersreturningtopreviouslevelswithintwotothreeyears.”,客户自航空公司坚信乘客最终还是会选择航空运输。又根据文章最后一段,“Theairlines’optimismonreturningtrafficlevelsisbasedonhistoricalprecedent.”,可知航空公司对恢复客流量水平的乐观态度是基于历史先例。可推断出作者下文提到BritishRail的例子就是为了证明这一观点:航空公司对航空运输的水平持客观态度。选项B符合题意。

44.推断题。根据文章第五段,“OntheBrusselsroute,therailwaycompanyhadlesssuccess,andtheairlinesreportanythingfromarounda5%droptonovisibledeclineintraffic.”,可知在布鲁塞尔的航线上,铁路公司没有那么成功,航空公司的报告显示,只造成了5%左右的下降,并没有明显的影响。可推断出布鲁塞尔铁路的开通事例说明了欧洲之星列车只对航空运输造成了很小的损害。选项C符合题意。

45.推断题。整篇文章都在说明和强调航空公司对列车开通带来的乘客流量下降并没有很重视,而是一直持乐观态度,相信乘客最终会选择航空运输,但是作者却对此表现出担忧,可推断出作者在接下来的文段中将会给予航空公司一些警告,以让他们能注重列车服务发展带来的冲击。选项B符合题意。

5.问答题

Themuseumisclosedthisafternoon.(Thereis)

【答案】Thereisnomuseumavailablethisafternoon.

6.单选题

()shouldanymoneybegiventoasmallchild.

问题1选项

A.Onnoaccount

B.Fromallaccount

C.Ofnoaccount

D.Byallaccount

【答案】A

【解析】句意:绝不能给小孩钱。

语法题。考查倒装。onnoaccount绝不;fromallaccount综上所述;ofnoaccount不重要的,无价值的(形容词);byallaccount据说。题干中用到了部分倒装,因此A项符合句意跟语法搭配。

7.单选题

Bornin1830inruralAmherst,Massachusetts,EmilyDickinsonspentherentirelifeinthehouseholdofherparents.Between1858and1862,itwaslaterdiscovered,shewrotelikeapersonpossessed,oftenproducingapoemaday.ItwasalsoduringthisperiodthatherlifewastransformedintothemythofAmherst.Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric.

IntheirdeterminationtoreadDickinson’slifeintermsofatraditionalromanticplot,biographershavemissedtheuniquepatternofherlife——herstruggletocreateafemalelifenotyetimaginedbythecultureinwhichshelived.Dickinsonwasnottheinnocent,lovelornandemotionallyfragilegirlsentimentalizedbytheDickinsonmythandpopularizedbyWilliamLuce’s1976play,theBelleofAmherst.HerdecisiontoshutthedooronAmherstsocietyinthe1850’stransferredherhouseintoakindofmagicalrealminwhichshewasfreetoengageherpoeticgenius.Herseclusionwasnottheresultofafailedloveaffair,butratherapartofamoregeneralpatternofrenunciationthroughwhichshe,inherquestforselfsovereignty,carriedonanargumentwiththepuritanfathers,attackingwithwitandironytheircheerlessCalvinistdoctrine,theirsternpatriarchalGod,andtheirrigidnotionsof“truewomanhood”.

1.What'stheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasbeingoneofEmilyDickinson’seccentricities?

3.Accordingtothepassage,biographersofEmilyDickinsonhavetraditionally(

).

4.TheauthorimpliesthatmanypeopleattributeEmilyDickinson'sseclusionto

).

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEmilyDickinsonlivedinasocietythatwascharacterizedby(

).

问题1选项

A.TointerpretEmilyDickinson’seccentricbehavior.

B.TopromotethepopularmythofEmilyDickinson.

C.TodiscussEmilyDickinson’sfailedloveaffair.

D.TodescribethereligiousclimateinEmilyDickinson'stime

问题2选项

A.Refusingtoeat.

B.Wearingonlywhite

C.Avoidingvisitors.

D.Stayinginherroom

问题3选项

A.criticizedmostofherpoems

B.ignoredherinnocenceandemotionalfragility

C.seenherlifeinromanticterms

D.blamingherparentsforrestrictingheractivities

问题4选项

A.physicalillness

B.afailedloveaffair

C.religiousfervor

D.herdislikeofpeople

问题5选项

A.strongPuritanbeliefs

B.equalityofmenandwomen

C.theencouragementofnonconformity

D.theappreciationofpoeticcreativity

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要在解释艾米莉•迪金森生活行为古怪的原因。故选A“解释艾米莉•迪金森古怪的行为”。

2.细节事实题。四个选项为:A:拒绝进食,B:只穿白色衣服,C:拒绝见来访者,D:待在房间。第一段指出:Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,

sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric(她越来越远离社会,呆在自己的房间里,有时拒绝面见来访者,而她开始只穿白色的衣服这样的习惯使她蒙上了怪人的名声),因此只有A项未提及。答案选A。

3.细节事实题。第二段指出:IntheirdeterminationtoreadDickinson'slifeintermsofatraditionalromanticplot,biographershavemissedtheuniquepatternofherlife—herstruggletocreateafemalelifenotyetimaginedbythecultureinwhichshelived(传记作者在决心用传统的浪漫情节去理解迪金森的生活上,忽视了她生活的独特方式,即她奋力去创造一个她生活的文化无法想象的女性生活)。因此C“从浪漫角度看待她的生活”正确。

4.判断推理题。最后一段指出:Herseclusionwasnottheresultofafailedloveaffair,butratherapartofamoregeneralpatternofrenunciation..(她的隐退不是失败的风流韵事的结果,而是一个更一般的放弃模式的一部分……)。因此在作者看来,很多人认为艾米莉•迪金森的隐退是因为失败的风流韵事,故选B“失败的风流韵事”。

5.判断推理题。最后一段指出:...carriedonanargumentwiththepuritanfathers,attackingwithwitandironytheircheerlessCalvinistdoctrine,theirsternpatriarchalGod,andtheirrigidnotionsof"truewomanhood”((艾米莉•迪金森)与清教徒的父亲们进行争吵,用智慧去讽刺他们阴郁的加尔文教义,刻板的德高望重的上帝和他们对‘真正女性’的严格定义),由此可知A项“强大的清教徒信仰”正确。

8.单选题

Ifwe()ourrelationswiththatcountry,we’llhavetofindanothersupplierofrawmaterials.

问题1选项

A.diffuse

B.diminish

C.terminate

D.preclude

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项diffuse“扩散;传播;漫射”;B选项diminish“减少,缩小”;C选项terminate“使终止;使结束;解雇”;D选项preclude“排除;妨碍;阻止”。句意:如果我们终止与那个国家的关系,我们就得另找一个原材料供应者。根据后半句句意可知C正确。

9.翻译题

WhatIwishforallstudentsissomereleasefromthegrimgripofthefuture.Iwishthemachancetoenjoyeachsegmentoftheireducationasanexperienceinitselfandnotasatiresomerequirementinpreparationforthenextstep.Iwishthemtherighttoexperiment,totripandfall,tolearnthatdefeatisaseducationalasvictoryandisnottheendoftheworld.

Mywish,ofcourse,isnative.OneofthefewrightsthatAmericadoesnotproclaimistherighttofail.Achievementisthenationalgod,worshippedinourmedia—themillion-dollarathlete,thewealthyexecutiveandglorifiedinourpraiseofpossessions.Inthepresenceofsuchapotentstatereligion,theyoungaregrowingupold.

【答案】我希望所有的学生稍微摆脱未来的无情控制。我希望他们有机会把自己每一阶段的教育纯粹当成一种经历来享受,而不是作为一种为下一步做准备的令人厌倦的需要。我希望他们有权利去尝试、跌倒、懂得失败如同胜利一样具有教育意义和失败并不是世界的末日。

当然,我的希望是天真的。失败的权利是美国人不赞扬的几个权利之一。成就是民族之神,在我们的媒体中受到崇拜——如身价百万的运动员,富有的主管人员一样——在我们对财富的赞美中得到荣耀。年轻人就是在这样一种强有力的民族信仰熏陶下长大的。

10.翻译题

“培根-OfStudy(论读书)”Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelightisinprivateersandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis,somebookaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.

Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Andtherefore,ifamanwritelittle,hehadneedhaveagreatmemory;ifheconferlittle,hehadneedhaveapresentwit;andifhereadlittle,hehadneedhavemuchcunning,toseemtoknowthathedothnot.Historiesmakemenwise;petswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.

【答案】选自培根《论读书》,王佐良先生译

读书足以怡情,足以博彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其博彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。

读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。

11.单选题

______wassheinLondonthansherangupheroldfriendJane.

问题1选项

A.Nosooner

B.Assoon

C.Onlywhen

D.Rarelywhen

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。Nosooner…than…为固定用法,表示“一……就……”,故A项符合题意。B项assoon和as搭配,表示“一……就……”;C项后面接句子,表示“只有当……”;D选项没有这个用法。句意:她一到伦敦就给她的好朋友简打电话。故正确答案为A。

12.单选题

Themanagingdirectortookthe(

)fortheaccident,althoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.

问题1选项

A.guilt

B.charge

C.blame

D.accusation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。guilt意为“有罪,犯罪行为”;charge意为“收费,指控”;blame意为“(坏事或错事的)责任,责备”,taketheblamefor意为“承担……的责任”;accusation意为“指责,谴责”。

句意:总经理承担了事故的责任,尽管并不真的是他的错。

13.单选题

Foreignbusinessmen()hesitatetoinvestalargesumofmoneyinatime-consumingandhigh-costprojectifthecountryisunderpoliticaldisturbances.

问题1选项

A.permanently

B.routinely

C.temporarily

D.unswervingly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。permanently“永久地;长期不变地”;routinely“例行公事地,老一套地”;temporarily“临时地”;unswervingly“坚定不移地”。句意:如果一个国家政局不稳,外商通常会犹豫是否投资耗时长、成本高的项目。选项B符合题意。

14.单选题

Claimsleftbehindinbankruptcygenerallyhaveonlya_______chanceofbeingpaid,sincetheyareunsecuredandnotbackedbyassets.

问题1选项

A.slender

B.slim

C.sizable

D.spare

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.slender微薄的,不足的(数量或尺寸)B.slim微薄的,不足的(没有想要的、期待的那么大)(aslimchance机会渺茫)

C.sizable相当大的D.spare不用的,闲置的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词since,可知句子前后表示因果关系,因为在破产中遗留下来的债权没有担保和资金支持,所以得到偿付的机会______,slim符合语境,因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合相应的逻辑关系。

【句意】在破产中遗留下来的债权通常只有很小的机会得到偿付,因为它们没有担保,也没有资产支持。

15.单选题

Byadvocatingmoderatechange,theythinkthattheycankeepconsumercostslow.

问题1选项

A.reasonable

B.radical

C.immediate

D.minimum

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:通过提倡……改变,他们认为可以保持消费者的低成本状态。reasonable“合理的,明智的”;radical“根本的,彻底的”;immediate“立即的”;minimum“最低的”。根据后面的“消费者的低成本状态”可知前面的改变是“适度的”,即划线单词的意思是“适度的;合理的”。因此选项A符合题意。

16.单选题

Despitewars,famines,andepidemics,Earth’spopulationisboomingaheadtonewrecordswithnoendinsight.

Everyday,theworldaddsenoughpeopletopopulateamedium-sizedcityintheUS.Inonemonth,thenumberofnewworldcitizensequalsthepopulationofNewYorkCity.Everyyear,thereare90millionmoremouthstofeed,morethanthetotalpopulationofGermany.

Severalfactorsarepropellingthisrapidgrowth,includinganelementthatofoftenoverlooked;thehugenumberofteenagerswhoarebecomingmothers,particularlyinthecountriesofsub-SaharanAfrica.

InfourAfricannationsNiger,Mali,SierraLeone,andIvoryCoast1outofevery5adolescentfemalesofchildbearingagehasababyannually.

TheUSBureauoftheCensussaysthishighrateofmotherhoodamongteenshashelpedtomaintainthehighpaceofbirthsacrossmostoftheAfricancontinent.Bystartingafamilyearly,atypicalwomaninSomalia,forinstance,hassevenchildrenduringherlifetime.EquallylargefamiliesaretheruleinZambia,Zaire,Uganda,Mauritania,Mali,Malawi,andEthiopia.

Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren.

WhilepopulationexpertsoftenfocusonAfrica’sproblems,analystsnotethatteenagedmothersarealsofarmoreprevalentintheUnitedStatesthaninFrance,Germany,Italy,Sweden,orBritain.

Thisissue“babieshavingbabies”hasrecentlygainedprominenceintheUS.TeenagedmotherhoodintheUShasfueledanexpansionoftheState-federalwelfaresystemandbroughtcriesforwelfarereformfromlawmakers.

Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongsideIndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonlymodestlyaheadofMexico,India,andPakistan.

Overall,thefertilityrateamongAmericansremainsrelativelylowat2.1birthsperwoman-aboutthereplacementlevel.AlthoughtheUSpopulationisexpectedtoclimbsteadily,from260milliontodayto323millionby2020,mostofthatgrowthwillcomefromimmigration.

TheCensusBureauestimatesthatinHaiti,wherethousandsofcitizensaretryingtofleetotheUSbecauseofmilitaryoppressionandpoverty,AIDSwillcuttheannualgrowthrateduringthenext25yearsfrom2.1percentto1.3percent.

ThedeclineingrowthisevensharperintheCentralAfricanRepublic,whererateswilldipfrom2.4percentto0.7percent.InThailand,whichalreadyhadlowbirthrates,ADISwilldrivepopulationdownwardto0.8percentayear.

Inthe16countriesthatarehithardest,AIDSwilllowerpopulationsby121millionoverexpectedprojectionsby2020.InAfrica,theimpactofAIDSissogreatthattrendstowardlongerlifespansduringthepast40yearsbeingreversed.Somenationswillsufferdeclinesinaveragelifespansof0to30yearscomparedwithexpectedlifespanswithoutAIDS.

IntheUS,whereAIDSisalsoasubstantialproblemtheimpactwillbelowerbecausethediseaseismostlylimitedtohomosexualsanddruguser,saysPeterWay,aCensusBureauresearch.InmanyAfricannations,AIDSisprevalentamongtheheterosexualpopulations,withsharplyboostsinfantmortality.

Acompellingchapterintheresearchdealswithaging.Todaythemedianageindevelopedcountriesis35,andthatindevelopingnationsisonly23.By2020,thecorrespondingfigureswillbe42and28.

Todaytherearefeweradultsover60(525million)thanchildrenunder5(636million).Astheworldpopulationages,by2020thenumberover60willbemorethan1billion,whilethoseunder5willtotal717million.

1.Sub-SaharanAfricancountries(

).

2.Thepassagestatesteenagedbirthsare

).

3.ThepopulationgrowthrateintheUSis

).

4.Fromthefactualdatainthepassage,weknowthatbytheyear2020

).

5.Thepassageimpliesthatbytheyear2020(

).

问题1选项

A.willhavethelargestworldpopulationby2020

B.havethehighestreproductiverateintheworld

C.areonlymodestlyaffectedbyAIDS

D.willhaveincreasinglylonglifespan

问题2选项

A.rareindevelopedcountries

B.mostprevalentinIndonesia

C.commoninRwanda

D.solelyresponsibleforpopulationincrease

问题3选项

A.higherthanthatinIndia

B.lowerthanthatinMexico

C.higherthanthatinIndonesia

D.lowerthanthatinSouthAmerica

问题4选项

A.thepopulationgrowthratesinThailandwillhaveincreased

B.therewillbedisproportionatenumberofolderpeople

C.USpopulationgrowthratewillstabilize

D.theaverageageofEuropeanswillbe35

问题5选项

A.birthrateswillbecurbedindevelopingcountries

B.therewillnolongerbeapopulationproblem

C.therewillbetoomanyyoungchildren

D.thedistributionoftheworld’spopulationwillhavealtered

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“撒哈拉以南非洲国家……”。文章第六段提到“人口出生率记录的现在保持者是饱受战乱的卢旺达,那里一位母亲至少有八个或九个小孩”(Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren),由此可知选项B“有世界上最强的繁殖能力”符合题意,

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章称青少年当母亲……”。提到“人口出生率记录的现在保持者是饱受战乱的卢旺达,那里一位母亲至少有八个或九个小孩”(Thecurrentrecord-holderforfertilityisstrife-tornRwanda,whereatypicalmotherhasatleasteightorninechildren),由此可知在卢旺达生孩子的年龄偏小是中普遍现象,选项C符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“美国人口增长率……”。文章第九段提到“由于美国高的青少年为人母比率高,它的出生率现在跟上了印度尼西亚和非洲的部分地区,比墨西哥,印度以及巴基斯坦稍微高些”(Withitshighrateofteenbirths,theUSnowranksalongsideIndonesiaandpartsofSouthAmerica,andonlymodestlyaheadofMexico,India,andPakistan),由此可知选项A符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文中的实际数字,我们知道到2020年的时候……”。文章最后一段最后一句话提到“随着世界人口老龄化,到2020年,60岁以上的人口将超过10亿,而5岁以下的人口总数将达到7.71亿”(Astheworldpopulationages,by2020thenumberover60willbemorethan1billion,whilethoseunder5willtotal717million),选项B“将出现比例失调的老年人数量”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章暗示到2020年……”。文章提到了不同国家的人口出生率,以及最后提到世界人口老龄化程度加剧,都说明世界人口分布将发生变化,选项D符合题意。

17.单选题

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.ExamplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmore

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