考研考博-英语-哈尔滨广厦学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨广厦学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

How

difficultitis（）themodern

worldwithoutoil.

问题1选项

A.Imagining

B.imagined

C.toimagine

D.haveimagined

【答案】C

【解析】句意：很难想象现代世界没了石油会怎么样。it做形式主语,不定式内容为实际主语。

2.单选题

Hehasbroughtforwardconclusiveevidence,whichforfurtherdispute.

问题1选项

A.makesroom

B.leavesnoroom

C.sparesnoefforts

D.takesnopains

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项makesroom为……留出空间；B选项leavesnoroom没有空间；没有余地；C选项sparesnoefforts不遗余力；D选项takesnopains没有费力气，没有痛苦。根据前文可知，他已经列举出了确凿的证据，没有必要进一步争论。因此，正确答案为B项。

3.单选题

Didyounoticeherpaleface?Ithinkshewasnotquite（

）atthepartyyesterday.

问题1选项

A.her

B.she

C.herself

D.itself

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。benotoneself“表示身体不舒服”。句意：你注意到她苍白的脸没？我觉得在昨天的聚会上，她不太舒服。C项符合题意。

4.单选题

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareinhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.

TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarII.Atthattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessestheretoforeconsidereduntreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgramisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswereslowincominguntiltheearly1960s.Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedbylegalsupport,werequicktodemandtheirrights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjustice,whichonceexposed,wasboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.Patients’rightsgroupssuccessfullyencouragedreformbylobbyinginstatelegislatures.

Judicialinterventionhashadsomedefinitepositiveeffect,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingday-to-daycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourt,soitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalhealthcareandassuranceofpatientrightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.

21.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardpeoplewhoarepatientsinstateinstitutionscanbestbedescribedas______.

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,iftheCivilRightsmovementhadn’tpromptedaninvestigationofprisonconditions,______.

24.Thetoneofthefinalparagraphcanbestbedescribedas______.

25.Accordingtothepassage,mentalhospitalconditionswereradicallychangedbecauseof______.

问题1选项

A.provideanhistoricalperspectiveonproblemsofmentalhealthcare

B.increasepublicawarenessoftheplightofthementallyill

C.shockthereaderwithvividdescriptionsofasylums

D.describetheinventionofnewtreatmentsformentalillness

问题2选项

A.inflexibleandinsensitive

B.detachedandneutral

C.understandingandsympathetic

D.enthusiasticandsupportive

问题3选项

A.stateswouldneverhaveestablishedasylumsforthementallyill

B.newtreatmentsformajormentalillnesswouldhavelikelyremaineduntested

C.theCivilRightsmovementinAmericawouldhavebeenpoliticallyineffective

D.conditionsinmentalhospitalsmighthaveescapedjudicialscrutiny

问题4选项

A.overlyemotional

B.cleverlydeceptive

C.cautiouslyoptimistic

D.fiercelyindependent

问题5选项

A.asgroupsofyoungangrymeninthe1900s

B.activeyounglawyersinthe1960s

C.innocentinsanepatients’protest

D.powerfulcourtinterventions

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】21.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章的主要目的是……”。文章第一段先是用DorotheaDix的事例引出美国心理健康运动启蒙时期的发展，然后第二段谈到了二战以后精神疾病新的治疗方法的进步，随后阐述了20世纪60年代以后美国精神卫生保健发展的缓慢，以及精神病人失去了权利，最后讨论到在司法的干预下，精神卫生保健得到了一些积极的效果，但是还需要一些确保病人有良好护理的标准和审查机制。综上所述，我们可知，整篇文章都是以历史的角度来阐述美国的精神卫生健康，所以A项“提供精神卫生保健问题的历史视角”符合题意。B项“提高公众对精神病人困境的认识”、C项“用精神病院的生动描述使读者震惊”和D项“描述精神疾病新疗法的发明”都只是文章的一部分，属于以偏概全。因此，该题选择A项正确。

22.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者对州医疗机构患者的态度可以用……来描述”。定位第一段最后一句Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.（精神病院变成了令人恐惧和压抑的地方，病人的权利几乎被遗忘），第二段第七句Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.（与此形成对比的是，精神病罪犯医院里挤满了被认为是“疯子”的人，他们经常被严格地限制身体，并使用大剂量的镇定剂，乖乖地待在自己的地方），以及第二段倒数第二句Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions（在许多州，他们被关押在可怕的机构中），由frighteninganddepressing，obediently和horrendous这些词可以看出，作者对州医疗机构的患者是同情的态度，所以C项“理解和同情”正确。A项“僵硬和麻木”、B项“超然和中立”和D项“热情和支持”都是曲解原文。因此，该题选择C项正确。

23.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中可以推断，如果民权运动没有引发对监狱条件的调查，……”。定位到第二段第五句Atthattime,theCivilRightsMovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.（当时，民权运动带领律师调查了美国的监狱，那里的黑人比例相当高，他们跟着囚犯进入了唯一比监狱更糟糕的机构：精神病罪犯医院），这里讲到了民权运动带领律师对美国监狱进行调查，他们进入了比监狱还糟糕的精神病罪犯医院，接着就讲到律师所看到的精神病罪犯的状况，然后最后一句提到Andinmanystatestheywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjusticewhich,onceexposedWesboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.（在许多州，他们被关押在可怕的机构中，这种不公正一旦暴露出来，势必会震惊公众，尤其是司法良知），综合可推断，民权运动没有引发对监狱的调查是由于精神病罪犯医院的状况使其逃过了司法审查，D项“精神病院的状况可能逃脱了司法审查”符合题意。定位到第一段第三句Bythemid-1800s,2stateshadestablishedasylums（到19世纪中期，已经有两个州建立了收容所）可知，A项“各州永远不会为精神病患者建立收容所”表述与原文不符，属于曲解原文。B项“主要精神疾病的新治疗方法可能还没有经过测试”和C项“美国的民权运动在政治上是无效的”没有提到，属于无中生有。因此，该题选择D项正确。

24.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主观态度题。题干意思是“最后一段的基调可以用……来描述”。定位到最后一段首句Judicialinterventionshavehadsomedefinitepositiveeffects,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.（司法干预确实产生了一些积极的效果，但人们越来越意识到，法院无法提供确保良好病人护理的标准和审查机制），由positive可知，这一段的态度是比较乐观的，后面用了but转折，可推知，最后一段基调是比较谨慎乐观的，所以C项“谨慎乐观”正确。A项“过于情绪化”、B项“巧妙地欺骗”和D项“完全独立”都不符合，属于曲解原文。因此，该题选择C项正确。

25.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，由于……，精神病院的情况发生了根本性的变化”。定位第二段中的Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.（当时，民权运动促使律师们调查了美国监狱，那里的黑人人口不成比例，他们跟着囚犯进入了唯一比监狱更糟糕的机构——精神病犯罪医院），以及Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.（年轻的公益律师干部喜欢他们在精神病院的角色。律师们发现这个群体既被动又容易争取。毕竟，这些人不像罪犯，他们什么都没做错。），可知，60年代早期，公民权利运动促使律师调查美国的监狱，后来又促使他们调查精神病院；在这些运动中，关注公众利益的年轻律师们对精神病院很感兴趣，他们发现了一些令人震惊的现象。由此可知，精神病院状况的改变是由于积极的年轻律师所起的作用，B项“20世纪60年代活跃的年轻律师”正确。A项“20世纪的一群愤怒的年轻人”是监狱的犯人，和精神病院无关，属于出处错位。C项“无辜的精神病患者的抗议”属于反向干扰，文中只提到监狱的年轻人要求自己的权利，而精神病患者则是被注射镇定剂，乖乖待在那里。D项“强有力的法庭干预”属于曲解原文，最后一段第一段提到的是judicialintervention（司法干预），并不是courtintervention（法庭干预）。因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.单选题

AftertheBostonMarathonbombings,theprocessbywhichbreakingnewsandinformationaregeneratedanddisseminatedlookedmoreraggedandexposedthanever:CNNstumbled,theNewYorkPostpaintedatargetonahigh-schooltrackathlete;Redditlaunchedafailedhuntforthebombers;andthenameofSunilTripathi,amissingBrownstudent,trendedonTwitterforallthewrongreasons.

Theissue,inpart,isvelocity:newshasnevermovedfasterthanitdoesnow,andfeweventsofthepastseveralyearshavecapturedAmerica’sattentionliketheBostonbombings.Everynewbitofinformationwasinstantly,indiscriminatelysuckedintothemediavacuum.Ifthereisamediumofthismoment,itisTwitter.

Twitter'sintrinsic,relentlessdrivingofthenewmakesitthequintessentialmediumofbreakingnews,particularlycombinedwithitscapacityforspreadingthatnewswithbreathtakingease.Byclicking"retweet,’youcanre-broadcastatweetfromsomebodytoallofyourfollowers.Atweet,andtheinformationitcontains,cangoviralinseconds.Socanmisinformation,ascountlesscelebritieskilledbyTwittercanattest.AndthemechanicsofTwitterofferonlyawkwardpartialsolutionstothatproblem.TheWiredwriterMatHonan,likemanyothers,re-blastedatweetreferringtoSunilTripathias"Suspect#2"intheBostonbombings.Thatinformationwasgravelywrong,but,asHonandescribes,therewaslittlehecoulddotopreventitfromself-perpetuating.

Deeplydisturbedbythisinabilitytocorrectviralmisinformation,HonanproposesthatTwittershouldhaveacorrectionmechanismthatallowsuserstoeditandrebroadcasttweetsaftertheyareposted.Theoriginaltweetwouldremainintactwithinthecorrectedtweet,soitwouldnotsimplyvanishintoahole;therewouldbeaccountability.ThisimpulsetoregulatetheinformationeconomyofTwitterandensurethatdataandnewsisascorrectaspossibleisunderstandable.ButitwouldruinTwitterasweknowit.

ForallofthewaysinwhichTwitterhasevolvedsinceitscreation,in2006,whenitwasknownas“twttr,”whathasnotchangedishowprofoundlyTwitterreliesonnowness.Nownessisnotsimplynewness,orthenew:thequestionTwitterusedtoaskofuserswhentheywenttocomposeatweet,“What’shappening?”isadirectinquiryaboutthestateofnow.Twitter’sintensefocusonimmediacyhasmanifestedinmanysmallways—forinstance,userscanonlyseetheirthreethousandmostrecenttweets(andtheserviceonlyrecentlyaddedtheabilityforuserstodownloadtheirentireTwitterarchiveandconductsearchesoftweetsfromthepast).But,mostimportant,whenauserlogsintoTwitter,whattheyseeisaraw,unfilteredstream,withthenewestcontentattheverytop.Facebook,bycontrast,showsusersacuratedfeed;thetopofthefeedisnotwhat'snew,itiswhatthealgorithmsthinkisbest.

Twitterasamediumissointentlyboundtothenowthatintroducingcontentnotofthismomentisdisruptive—it’sactuallysomethingofapranktoresurfacesomeone’stweetsfromthedistantpast,eitherbyretweetingorfavoritingthem.MyfriendandIdidthattoeachotheryesterday,retweetingaseriesofstufffromseveralmonthsago;theyarrivedinmyfeedandhers,rippedawayfromanysenseofcontext.Itfeltembarrassing.(Thisworks,thoughslightlylesspowerfully,onothersocialnetworksthatutilizestreamsandemphasizethepresent.)

Oneofthewayswe'relearningtodealwiththetrade-offsinherenttoreal-timestreamsisaburgeoningself-awarenessoftheirpotentialtospreadmisinformationinhalfaheartbeat.Amechanismthatpurportstomakethatstreammoreaccurate—eventhoughacorrectionsbuttonwouldnotfullypreventbadinformationfromspreading—wouldlullustowardamorecomplacent,lesscriticalviewofthatstream.AsNickKallen,aformersystemsengineeratTwitter,writes,"We'redealingwithanewmedium.Ithassomeaspectsofconversation,andsomeofbroadcast,someaspectsoflivetelevision,andsomeof(anedited)newspaper.Butitisnoneofthesethingsallatthesametime."

Twitterisnow,allthetime.

1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribetheessenceofTwitteraccordingtothetext?

2.Honan'spropositiononTwitterindicatesthat（）

3.WhatisthemaindifferencebetweenTwitterandFacebookaccordingtothetext?

4.Whydoestheauthorsay"it’sactuallysomethingofapranktoresurfacesomeone’stweetsfromthedistantpast”？

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesauthor’sopinion?

问题1选项

A.Findingfriendsandestablishingrelationship.

B.Spreadingnewsrelentlessintheeasiestway.

C.Makingrumorandtruthtrendedinitstimeline.

D.Communicatingbetweenfollowersandhosts.

问题2选项

A.misinformationcanbewellsolvedunderthemechanicsofTwitter.

B.abettercorrectionmechanismmustbeappliedtopreventtheinformationonTwittergoingviral.

C.littlecanusersdonowtopreventrumorsonTwitterfromself-perpetuating.

D.Twitterisinefficientinprovidingbreakingnewsinformation.

问题3选项

A.TwittershowsaunfilteredstreamforuserswhileFacebookshowsacuratedone.

B.TwitterandFacebookareusingdifferentalgorithmstofiltercontents.

C.TwitterprovidesnewsfeedswhileFacebookshowsthebestinformation.

D.TwitteroffersonlypartialsolutionsonmisinformationwhileFacebookhasabetteralgorithmtosolvetheproblem.

问题4选项

A.Becausethecontentsareretweetedorfavoritedbyhisfriends.

B.BecauseTwitteremphasizethepresentthatcontentnotofthenowisdisruptive.

C.Becausetheinformationexchangedcomesfromseveralmonthsago.

D.Becauseitworksonothersocialnetworksaswell.

问题5选项

A.Wearegettingamorecomplacent,lesscriticalviewbyusingTwitter.

B.WeshouldbeawareofthepotentialofTwittertospreadmisinformation.

C.Twitterreliesonnewnesswhichequalstothestateofnow.

D.Twittershouldhaveacorrectionmechanismforuserstoedittweetstheyhaveposted.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.判断推理题。第二段指出“newshasnevermovedfasterthanitdoesnow”，现在信息的传播速度之快超过往。第三段指出“...combinedwithitscapacityforspreadingthatnewswithbreathtakingease”，结合它惊人的传播新闻的能力……。由此可知B项“以最简单的方式不间断地传播新闻”正确。

第2题:2.事实细节题。文章多处提到Honan对于Twitter的提议。第四段指出：...thisinabilitytocorrectviralmisinformation，没有能力纠正病毒性错误信息。...Twittershouldhaveacorrectionmechanismthatallowsuserstoeditandrebroadcasttweetsaftertheyareposted，Twitter应该有一个修正机制，允许用户在发布推文后编辑和转发。...ensurethatdataandnewsisascorrectaspossibleisunderstandable，确保数据和新闻尽可能的正确且可以理解。因此，B项“应设立纠错程序，以防止通过推特网传播病毒信息”正确。

第3题:3.事实细节题。第五段指出“But,mostimportant,whenauserlogsintoTwitter,whattheyseeisaraw,unfilteredstream,withthenewestcontentattheverytop.Facebook,bycontrast,showsusersacuratedfeed;thetopofthefeedisnotwhat’snew”，但是，最重要的是，当用户登录Twitter时，他们看到的是原创的、未经处理的信息流，最新鲜的内容放在首页头条。相比之下，Facebook提供给用户的是经过加工处理的东西，而且放在首页的头条也不是最新信息。因此，A项“推特网向用户提供的是未经处理的信息流，脸谱网提供的则是经过加工处理的东西”正确。

第4题:4.事实细节题。文章倒数第三段第一句提到：Twitter十分专注于当下，非当下的内容则是破坏性的（sointentlyboundtothenowthatintroducingcontentnotofthismomentisdisruptive）。因此，B项正确。

第5题:5.观点态度题。文章多处能体现作者的观点态度。如第三段指出“...combinedwithitscapacityforspreadingthatnewswithbreathtakingease（结合它惊人的传播新闻的能力）”。第四段指出“…thisinabilitytocorrectviralmisinformation（没有能力纠正病毒性错误信息）”。第五段指出“Twitter,whattheyseeisaraw,unfilteredstream,withthenewestcontentattheverytop（在推特网上，看到的是原创的、未经处理的信息流，最新鲜的内容放在首页头条）”。由此可以看出，C项“推特网注重新奇与时效性”正确。

6.单选题

TheattackonFortSumternearCharlestonprovokedasharpresponsefromtheNorth,whichledtotheAmericanCivilWar.

问题1选项

A.demanded

B.elicited

C.expedited

D.defied

【答案】D

【解析】句意：查尔斯顿附近的萨姆特堡遭袭激起了北方的强烈反应，导致了美国内战。provoked意为“激起，挑衅”。demanded强烈要求，需要；elicited抽出，引出；expedited加快，促进，发出；defied藐视，反抗，挑衅。选项D与之意思相近。

7.单选题

Muchnewknowledgeisadmittedlyremotefromtheimmediateinterestsoftheordinarymaninthestreet.Heisnotintriguedorimpressedbythefactthatanoblegas(惰性气体)likexenon(氙)canformcompounds—somethingthatuntilrecentlymostchemistssworewasimpossible.Whileeventhisknowledgemayhaveanimpactonhimwhenitisembodiedinnewtechnology,untilthen,hecanaffordtoignoreit.Agoodbitofnewknowledge,ontheotherhand,isdirectlyrelatedtohisimmediateconcerns,hisjob,hispolitics,hisfamilylife,evenhissexualbehavior.

Apoignantexampleisthedilemmathatparentsfindthemselvesintodayasaconsequenceofsuccessiveradicalchangesintheimageofthechildinsocietyandinourtheoriesofchildrearing.

AttheturnofthecenturyintheUnitedStates,forexample,thedominanttheoryreflectedtheprevailingscientificbeliefintheimportanceofheredityindeterminingbehavior.MotherswhohadneverheardofDarwinorSpencerraisedtheirbabiesinwaysconsistentwiththeworldviewsofthesethinkers.Vulgarizedandsimplified,passedfrompersontoperson,theseworldviewswerereflectedintheconvictionsofmillionsofordinarypeoplethat“badchildrenarearesultofbadstock,”that“crimeishereditary,”etc.

Intheearlydecadesofthecentury,theseattitudesfellbackbeforetheadvanceofenvironmentalism.Thebeliefthatenvironmentshapespersonality,andthattheearlyyearsarethemostimportant,createdanewimageofthechild.TheworkofWatsonandPavlovbegantocreepintothepublicken(知识).Mothersreflectedthenewbehaviorism,refusingtofeedinfantsondemand,refusingtopickthemupwhentheycried,weaning(断奶)earlytoavoidprolongeddependency.

AstudybyMarthaWolfensteinhascomparedtheadviceofferedparentsinsevensuccessiveeditionsofINFANTCARE,ahandbookissuedbytheUnitedStatesChildren’sBureaubetween1914and1951.Shefounddistinctshiftsinthepreferredmethodsfordealingwithweaningandthumb-sucking.Itisclearfromthisstudythatbythelatethirtiesstillanotherimageofthechildhadgainedascendancy.Freudianconceptssweptinlikeawaveandrevolutionizedchildrearingpractices.Suddenly,mothersbegantohearabout“therightsofinfants”andtheneedfor“oralgratification.”Permissivenessbecametheorderoftheday.

11.Thepassagetellsusthatanynewknowledgewillhaveapowerfulinfluenceonordinarypeopleif____.

12.Theprevailingscientificbeliefattheturnofthecenturywasthat

____.

13.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmotherswhowereinfluencedbyFreudianideastendedtobe____.

14.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheworldviewsisbasically____.

15.Thebesttitleforthepassageis____.

问题1选项

A.itissimpleandunderstandable

B.itisadvocatedbyeminentpersons

C.ithasbeenputintopracticeandproventrue

D.ithassomethingtodowiththeirimmediateconcerns

问题2选项

A.personalitywasshapedbyenvironment

B.characterwastransmittedfromparents

C.behaviorwasdeterminedbysocialbackground

D.outlookwascoloredbyprevailingbeliefs

问题3选项

A.criticalofprolongedmaternalcareoftheinfants

B.tolerantoftheirbabies’thumb-suckinghabits

C.awareoftheimportanceofweaninginfantsearly

D.tiredofpickingtheirbabiesuptheminutetheycried

问题4选项

A.humorous

B.negative

C.positive

D.tolerant

问题5选项

A.ShiftinChildrearingPatterns

B.RevolutioninChildrearingPractices

C.FreudianTheoriesandChildrearing

D.PenetrationofNewknowledge

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】11.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第一段倒数一二句Whileeventhisknowledgemayhaveanimpactonhimwhenitisembodiedinnewtechnology,untilthen,hecanaffordtoignoreit.Agoodbitofnewknowledge,ontheotherhand,isdirectlyrelatedtohisimmediateconcerns,hisjob,hispolitics,hisfamilylife,evenhissexualbehavior.“虽然这些知识在新技术中体现出来时可能会对他产生影响，但在那之前，他可以忽略它。另一方面，有一些新知识直接关系到他的切身利益，他的工作，他的政治立场，他的家庭生活，甚至他的性行为”。第二步，综合理解，新技术出来的时候我们有时候会忽略它，因为人们觉得这些技术与自己无关但是当某些技术与自己利益相关时人们就会在乎了，所以答案选D选项“这与他们当前的关切有关”。

A选项“它简单易懂”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

B选项“它是由知名人士提倡的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

C选项“它已被付诸实践并被证明是正确的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

12.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段第一句AttheturnofthecenturyintheUnitedStates,forexample,thedominanttheoryreflectedtheprevailingscientificbeliefintheimportanceofheredityindeterminingbehavior“例如，在世纪之交的美国，占主导地位的理论反映了流行的科学信念，即遗传在决定行为方面的重要性”，第二步，综合理解，句子内容就是C选项“行为是由社会背景决定的”，所以答案选C选项。

A选项“人的性格是由环境塑造的”，定位到第四段第一二句话Intheearlydecadesofthecentury,theseattitudesfellbackbeforetheadvanceofenvironmentalism.Thebeliefthatenvironmentshapespersonality，时间是本世纪早期，与题干不符，这里属于反向干扰。

B选项“性状由亲本遗传”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

D选项“观点受到普遍信念的影响”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

13.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第五段倒数第一二三句Freudianconceptssweptinlikeawaveandrevolutionizedchildrearingpractices.Suddenly,mothersbegantohearabout“therightsofinfants”andtheneedfor“oralgratification.”Permissivenessbecametheorderoftheday.弗洛伊德的概念如浪潮般席卷而来，彻底改变了育儿实践。突然间，母亲们开始听到“婴儿的权利”和“口头满足”的需要。宽容成了当时的风气。第二步综合理解，因为弗洛伊德的理论存在，宽容成了社会风气，所以母亲会容忍婴儿吸吮手指，因此答案选B选项“容忍婴儿吮吸拇指的习惯”。

A选项“母亲对婴儿长期的护理至关重要”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

C选项“意识到早期断奶婴儿的重要性”，定位到第四段最后一二句“沃森和巴甫洛夫的工作开始蔓延到公众领域。母亲反映了新行为主义，拒绝按需喂养婴儿，拒绝他们哭了去抱他们，尽早断奶避免长期依赖”，由此可知这是巴甫洛夫观念盛行的时候，与题干不符，这里属于反向干扰。

D选项“厌倦了在孩子哭的那一刻就把他们抱起来”，同C选项，属于反向干扰。

14.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】观点态度题。A选项“幽默的”；B选项“否定的”；C选项“乐观的”；D选项“包容的”。第一步，精准定位，定位到第二段第一句Apoignantexampleisthedilemmathatparentsfindthemselvesintodayasaconsequenceofsuccessiveradicalchangesintheimageofthechildinsocietyandinourtheoriesofchildrearing.“一个令人痛心的例子是，由于社会上对孩子的形象和我们的育儿理论相继发生了根本性的变化，如今的父母们发现自己陷入了两难境地。”第二步概括理解，从这里的poignant“令人沉痛的”可知，作者并不认可这种随时在变化的世界观，所以答案选B选项。

A、C、D选项属于反向干扰。

15.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一步，定位核心句，核心句在第二段Apoignantexampleisthedilemmathatparentsfindthemselvesintodayasaconsequenceofsuccessiveradicalchangesintheimageofthechildinsocietyandinourtheoriesofchildrearing.（一个令人痛心的例子是，由于社会上对孩子的形象和我们的育儿理论相继发生了根本性的变化，如今的父母们发现自己陷入了两难境地），第二步文章的行文结构，本文是引出观点——世纪之初的教育理念——本世纪前面几十年的教育理念（主要讲的巴甫洛夫）——30年代后期的教育理念（弗洛伊德的教育理念），是总分的结构，所以答案应该选A“育儿模式的转变”。

B选项“育儿实践的革命”，文章没有讲到前后面流行的教育理念是从前面流行的教育理念演化而来，所以不能选作标题，这里属于过度推理。

C选项“弗洛伊德理论与育儿”，这是文章最后一段的内容，不能当标题，这里属于以偏概全。

D选项“新知识的渗透”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

8.不定项选择题

Howiscommunicationactuallyachieved?Itdepends,ofcourse,eitheronacommonlanguageoronknownconvention,oratleastonthebeginningsofthese.Butoften,especiallywithoriginalartistsandthinkers,theproblemisinonewaythatofcreatingalanguage,orcreatingaconvention,oratleastofdevelopingthelanguageandconventionstothepointwheretheyarecapableofbearingtheirprecisemeaning.Inliterature,inmusic,inthevisualarts,inthesciences,insocialthinking,inphilosophy,thiskindofdevelopmenthasoccurredagainandagain.Itoftentakesalongtimetogetthrough,andformanypeopleitwillremaindifficult.Butweneedneverthinkthatitisimpossible;creativeenergyismuchmorepowerfulthanwesometimessuppose.Whileamanisengagedinthisstruggletosaynewthingsinnewways,heisusuallymorethaneverconcentratedontheactualwork,andnotonitspossibleaudience.Manyartistsandscientistssharethisfundamentalunconcernaboutthewaysinwhichtheirworkwillbereceived.

Inthissenseitistruethatitisthedutyofsocietytocreateconditionsinwhichsuchmencanlive.Forwhateverthevalueofanyindividualcontribution,thegeneralbodyofworkisofimmensevaluetoeveryone.Butofcoursethingsarenotsoformal,inreality.Thereisnotsocietyontheonehandandtheseindividualsontheother.Inordinaryliving,andinhiswork,thecontributorsharesinthelifeofhissociety,whichoftenaffectshimbothinminorwaysandinwayssometimessodeepthatheisnotevenawareofthem.Hisabilitytomakehisworkpublicdependsontheactualcommunicationsystem:thelanguageitself,orcertainvisualormusicalorscientificconventions,andtheinstitutionsthroughwhichthecommunicationwillbepassed.Theeffectoftheseonhisactualworkcanbealmostinfinitelyvariable.Foritisnotonlyacommunicationsystemoutsidehim;itisalso,howeveroriginalhemaybe,acommunicationsystemwhichisinfactpartofhimself.Manycontributorsmakeactiveuseofthiskindofinternalcommunicationsystem.Itistothemselves,inaway,thattheyfirstshowtheirconceptions,playtheirmusic,andpresenttheirarguments.Ifonemindhasgraspedit,thenitmaybeopentootherminds.

Thehistorianisalsocontinuallystruckbythefactthatmenofthiskindfeltisolatedattheverytimewheninrealitytheywerebeginningtogetthrough.Thiscanalsobenoticedinourowntime,whensomeofthemostdeeplyinfluentialmenfeelisolatedandevenrejected.Thesocietyandthecommunicationarethere,butitisdifficulttorecognizethem,difficulttobesure.

1.Creativeartistsandthinkersachievecommunicationby（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

3.Acommoncharacteristicofartistsandscientistsinvolvedincreativeworkisthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

5.Itisimpliedattheendofthepassagethathighlyoriginalindividualsfeelisolatedbecausethey（）.

问题1选项

A.dependingonsharedconventions

B.fashioningtheirownconventions

C.adjustingtheirpersonalfeelings

D.elaboratingacommonlanguage

问题2选项

A.philosophicalthinkingcontributestotheformulationofconventions

B.humancreativityissometimesunderestimated

C.developmentinliteraturefollowssimilarwaystothatofsciences

D.theroleofconventionsincommunicationisnotwellrecognized

问题3选项

A.theycareaboutthepossiblereactiontotheirwork

B.publ