考研考博-英语-南通大学杏林学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3_第1页
考研考博-英语-南通大学杏林学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3_第2页
考研考博-英语-南通大学杏林学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3_第3页
考研考博-英语-南通大学杏林学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3_第4页
考研考博-英语-南通大学杏林学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩426页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南通大学杏林学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thesergeantlookedsharplyintotheeyesoftheconscriptsstandingbeforehimandsnapped,‘‘(

)thesamemistakeagain!”

问题1选项

A.don'tyoumake

B.Donotyoumake

C.Younotmake

D.Makeyounot

【答案】A

【解析】考查祈使句。在否定的祈使句中可以带出主语,这种情况下否定结构只能用don't,不用donot。句意:中士眼神犀利地看着站在他面前的士兵说道:“不要再犯同样的错误!”。选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Underthis(

)pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.

问题1选项

A.intensive

B.weighty

C.intense

D.bulky

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。intensive加强的,集中的;weighty重大的,重的;bulky庞大的,笨重的;intense极度的,强烈的,剧烈的。句意:在这种高强度的压力下,一些岩石甚至变成了液体。由“someoftherocksevenbecameliquid”可知岩石受到了极大的压力,故答案C

3.填空题

13.Wearehavingsome(1)withthemachinethatweimported(2)Japanlastyear.Ithas(3)downtwicealready.Eachtimewehave(4)toaskatechniciantocometoBeijingto(5)it.Thegoodnewsisthatourtechnicianshave(6)completedtheirtraininginTokyo.Thenexttimewehavea(7),wewon’tneedtosendforaJapanesespecialist.

句意:

我们去年从日本进口的这台机器正有些故障。它已经发生过两次故障了。每次故障发生时,我们都不得不让日方派技术员来北京修理它。好消息是我们自己的技术员己经结束了他们在东京的培训。下次该机器再有故障时,我们就不需要邀请日本专家了。

【答案】1.trouble

2.from

3.broken

4.had

5.repair

6.already

7.breakdown

【解析】1.固定搭配。Havetroublewith…有故障。

2.固定搭配。importedfrom从…进口。

3.固定搭配。breakdown损坏,分解,发生故障,分词为brokendown。

4.固定搭配。Haveto不得不。have后加动词过去分词表完成时态,故这里应填had。

5.语义题。修理用repair。

6.语义题。Havealready已经。

7.语义题。haveabreakdown损坏,出故障。

4.单选题

Ifthey’relookingfora(

)ofinformationonapageorareengrossedincontent,theywon’tbedistractedbytheadsontheside.

问题1选项

A.stripe

B.sustainment

C.series

D.snippet

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。stripe“条纹”;sustainment“支持物”;series“系列,连续”;snippet“片断”。句意:如果他们正在一个网页上寻找信息片段或者专心地看内容,那么他们将不会被旁边的广告分心。由informationonapage可知空格处指信息片段,故D项正确。

5.单选题

Manyartistslateinthelastcenturywereinsearchofameanstoexpresstheirindividuality.Moderndancewasoneofthewayssomeofthesepeoplesoughttofreetheircreativespirit.Atthebeginningtherewasnoexactingtechnique,nofoundationfromwhichtobuild.Inlateryears,trial,error,andgeniusfoundedthetechniquesandtheprinciplesofthemovement.Eventually,innovatorsevendrewfromwhattheyconsideredthedreadballet,butfirsttheyhadtodiscardallthatwasacademicsothatthenewcouldbediscovered.ThebeginningsofmoderndancewerehappeningbeforeIsadoraDuncan,butshewasthefirstpersontobringthenewdancetogeneralaudienceandseeitacceptedandacclaimed.

Hersearchforanaturalmovementformsenthertonature.Shebelievedmovementshouldbeasnaturalastheswayingofthetreesandtherollingwavesofthesea,andshouldbeinharmonywiththemovementsoftheEarth.Hergreatcontributionsareinthreeareas.

First,shebegantheexpansionofthekindsofmovementsthatcouldbeusedindance,beforeDuncandanced,balletwastheonlytypeofdanceperformedinconcert.Intheballetthefeetandlegswereemphasized,withvirtuosity(精湛的技巧)shownbycomplicated,designedpositionsandmovements.Duncanperformeddancebyusingallherbodyinthefreestpossibleway.Herdancestemmedfromhersoulandspirit.Shewasoneofthepioneerswhobroketraditionsoothersmightbeabletodeveloptheart.

Hersecondcontributionwasindancecostume.Shediscardedcorset(紧身内衣),balletshoes,andstintcostumes.ThesewerereplacedwithflowingGreciantunics,barefeetandunboundhair.Shebelievedinthenaturalbodybeingallowedtomovefreely,andherdressdisplayedthisideal.

Herthirdcontributionwasintheuseofmusic.Inherperformancessheusedthesymphoniesofgreatmasters,includingBeethovenandWagner,whichwasnottheusualcustom.

Shewasasexcitingandeccentricinherpersonallifeasinherdance.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidnaturerepresenttoIsadoraDuncan?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasanareaofdancethatDuncanworkedtochange?

4.Comparedtothoseoftheballet,Duncan’scostumeswereless().

5.Whatdoestheparagraphfollowingthepassageprobablydiscuss?

问题1选项

A.TheEvolutionofDanceintheTwentiethCentury.

B.ArtistsoftheLastCentury.

C.NaturalMovementinDance.

D.APioneerinModernDance.

问题2选项

A.Amodelformovement.

B.Somethingtoconquer.

C.Aplacetofindpeace.

D.Asymbolofdisorder.

问题3选项

A.Themusic

B.Thestagesets

C.Costumes

D.Movements

问题4选项

A.costly

B.colorful

C.graceful

D.restrictive

问题5选项

A.Duncan’sfurthercontributiontomoderndance.

B.Themusiccustomarilyusedinballet.

C.OtheraspectsofDuncan'slife.

D.Audienceacceptanceofthenewformofdance.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知,本文是一篇传记,主要讲述的是现代舞的先驱——IsadoraDuncan对舞蹈的巨大贡献。所以选项D正确。

2.判断推理题。题干问的是“对IsadoraDuncan来说,大自然代表了什么?”根据第二段的一、二句“她对自然运动形式的探索使她进入了自然。她认为运动应该像树木的摇摆和大海的波涛一样自然,应该与大地的运动协调一致。”也就是说,IsadoraDuncan把大自然当做舞蹈运动的模型,将舞蹈和自然相结合。所以选项A正确。

3.细节事实题。原文第三段主要讲述的是Duncan对舞蹈动作的改变;第四段主要讲述的是对舞蹈服装的改变;第五段主要讲述的是对音乐运用的改变。所以只有选项B“舞台”的改变在原文中没有提及。

4.判断推理题。根据原文第四段的内容“她摒弃了紫色内衣,芭蕾舞鞋和具有限制性的服装,取而代之的是飘逸的希腊宽松外衣、光着脚和披散着的头发。”由此可知,Duncan的服装是轻松自由的,相对于芭蕾服装来说,没有那么多的限制性,所以选项D正确。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容“她的个人生活就像她的舞蹈一样令人兴奋和古怪。”由此可推断,接下来可能要讲到的内容是Duncan生活的其他方面。选项C正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

6.单选题

FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewestemergedthemedievalversionofpolitics()inturnevolvedthepoliticsofourmodernworld.

问题1选项

A.ofwhich

B.fromwhich

C.onwhich

D.bywhich

【答案】B

【解析】句意:从基督教和西方的野蛮王国中出现了中世纪政治的形态,而从该形态中又依次演变出了我们现代世界的政治形态。

语法题。考查从句引导词。空格后是一个定语从句。前面的主句中,FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewest是地点状语,因此在定语从句中,fromwhich作状语与前面的from形成对应,evolved作谓语,thepoliticsofourmodernworld作主语。

7.翻译题

A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatare()(均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的)。

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,which()(把美观和功能完美地结合起来)。

3.我们必须培养分析问题和解决问题的能力。

4.认识落后,才能改变落后。学习先进,才有可能赶超先进。

5.一个不怕困难、百折不挠、坚持到底的科学工作者一定会在科研工作中取得光辉的成就。

【答案】1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatarebalanceddietsareessentialtogoodhealth.

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,whichcombinesbeautywithfunctionperfectly.

3.Wemustdeveloptheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.

4.Onlybyunderstandingbackwardnesscanwechangebackwardness.Learningadvancedmakesitpossibletocatchupwithandsurpasstheadvanced.

5.Ascientificworkerwhoisnotafraidofdifficulties,perseveringinspiteofsetbacksandperseveringtotheendwillsurelyachievebrilliantachievementsinhisscientificresearchwork.

8.单选题

Maximumbenefitstypicallyrangefrom$50,000to$250,000,thoughsome()havenolimit.

问题1选项

A.policies

B.bills

C.charges

D.prices

【答案】C

【解析】句意:最大的福利通常在5万至25万美元之间,不过有些费用没有上限。bills一般指账单;charge做动词意为指控,要价;做名词意为费用,手续费等。所以选项C更合适。

9.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

Theword“winner”and“loser”havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmeanonewhomakessomeoneelselose.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthentically(真实地)bybeingcredible,trustworthy,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.

Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefactsfromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers,evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawed(敬畏)bythem.

【答案】“胜利者”与“失败者”有很多含义。当我们谈到某个人是胜利者的时候,我们不是说他通过打倒某人取胜了。在我们看来,胜利者就是一个值得信赖,敢于承担责任并且诚恳的人——作为个体或作为社会一员都是如此。

成功者敢于独立思考,敢于运用自身的学识。他们能够分清事实与观点,明辨是非,不会装作无所不知。他们倾听他人的见解,品评他人的言论,但形成自己的结论。虽然成功者也会钦佩他人,敬重他人,但他们绝不会受制于他人,为他人所束缚,不会畏惧他人,或为他人所击垮。

10.单选题

Inmanycountriesnow,smokingisnot______inpublicplaces.

问题1选项

A.permissive

B.permutable

C.pernicious

D.permissible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项permissive“宽容的”;B选项permutable“可排列的;能交换的”;C选项pernicious“有害的;恶性的;致命的;险恶的”;D选项permissible“可允许的;获得准许的”。句意:在许多国家,吸烟在公共场所是不……。结合句意,A,B,C选项可以排除,D选项permissible(可允许的;获得准许的)最符合语意,吸烟在公众场合是不被允许的,因此选项D正确。

11.单选题

Wedon’tthinkthathis(

)abilityhasbeenwelldeveloped.

问题1选项

A.possible

B.potential

C.initial

D.invisible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。possible“可能的”;potential“有潜力的”;initial“最初的”;invisible“看不见的”。句意:我们认为他的潜力没有被好好挖掘。选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

Takentogether,theselawssoughttoreapthemedicalbenefitsoforgantransplantationandtoencourageindividualstobecomeorgandonors,while(

)certainethicallimitsagainsttreatingthebodyaspropertyandthenewlydeadassimplynaturalresources.

问题1选项

A.cuttingout

B.offsetting

C.reserving

D.goingover

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项cutout“切断;删去;停止”;B选项offset“抵消;弥补”;C选项reserve“预订;储备;保留”;D选项goover“复习,重温;转变”。句意:综上所述,这些法律寻求获得器官移植的医疗利益,鼓励个人成为器官捐赠者,同时……一定的伦理限制,以免将人体视为财产,将死者仅仅视为自然资源。由后半句句意判断可知此处应选择C选项“保留”。

13.单选题

Youareexpectedtoaskthe______candidatesatechnicalquestiontojudgetheirability.

问题1选项

A.prospective

B.productive

C.perpetual

D.promising

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项prospective“未来的,预期的”,B项productive“生产的”,C项perpetual“永久的,不断的”,D项promising“有希望的,有前途的”。根据关键词ask(问)和candidates(候选者)可推测,空格部分表示“未来的”,A项最符合。句意:你应该问未来的候选人一个技术问题来判断他们的能力。因此,该题选择A项正确。

14.单选题

1.Inthequestforbetterhealth,manypeopleturntodoctors,self-helpbooksorherbalsupplements.Buttheyoverlookapowerfulweaponthatcouldhelpthemfightillnessanddepression,speedrecovery,slowagingandprolonglife:theirfriends.Researchersareonlynowstartingtopayattentiontotheimportanceoffriendshipandsocialnetworksinoverallhealth.A10-yearAustralianstudyfoundthatolderpeoplewithalargecircleoffriendswere22percentlesslikelytodieduringthestudyperiodthanthosewithfewerfriends.Alarge2007studyshowedanincreaseofnearly60percentintheriskforobesityamongpeoplewhosefriendsgainedweightAndlastyear,Harvardresearchersreportedthatstrongsocialtiescouldpromotebrainhealthasweage.“Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated,”saidRebeccaGAdams,aprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro.“Thereisjustscadsofstuffonfamiliesandmarriage,butverylittleonfriendship.Itbafflesme.Friendshiphasabiggerimpactonourpsychologicalwell一beingthanfamilyrelationships.”

2.Inanewbook,“TheGirlsFromAmes:AStoryofWomenanda40—YearFriendship”(Gotham),JeffreyZaslowtellsthestoryof11childhoodfriendswhoscatteredfromIowatoeightdifferentStates.Despitethedistance,theirfriendshipsenduredthroughcollegeandmarriage,divorceandothercrises,includingthedeathofoneofthewomeninher20s.Using,scrapbooks,photoalbumsandthewomen’sownmemories,Mr.Zaslowchronicleshowtheirclosefriendshipshaveshapedtheirlivesandcontinuetosustainthem.Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter.

3.Twoofthefriendshaverecentlylearnedtheyhavebreastcancer.KellyZwagerman,

nowahighschoolteacherwholivesinNorthfield,Minn,saidthatwhenshegotherdiagnosisinSeptember2007,herdoctortoldhertosurroundherselfwithlovedones.Instead,shereachedouttoherchildhoodfriends,eventhoughtheylivedfaraway,“ThefirstpeopleItoldwerethewomenfromAmes,”shesaidinaninterview.Je-mailedthem.Iimmediatelyhade-mailsandphonecallsandmessagesofsupport.Itwasinstantthatthelovepouredinfromallofthem.”Whenshecomplainedthathertreatmentledtopainfulsoresinherthroat,anAmesgirlsentasmoothiemakerandrecipes.Another,whohadlostadaughtertoleukemia,sentMs.Zwagermanahand-knittedhat,knowingherheadwouldbecoldwithouthair,stillanothersentpajamasmadeofspecialfabrictohelpcopewithnightsweats.MsZwagermansaidshewasoftenmorecomfortablediscussingherillnesswithhergirlfriendsthanwithherdoctor,“Wegosofarbackthatthesewomenwilltalkaboutanything,”shesaid.

4.Ms.ZwagermansaysherfriendsfromAmeshavebeenanessentialfactorinhertreatmentandrecovery,andresearchherout.In2006,astudyofnearly3,000nurseswithbreastcancerfoundthatwomenwithoutclosefriendswerefourtimesaslikelytodiefromthediseaseaswomenwith10ormorefriends.Andnotably,proximityandtheamountofcontactwithafriendwasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Justhavingfriendswasprotective.

5.BellaDePaulo,avisitingpsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whoseworkfocusesonsinglepeopleandfriendships,notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember.Inthestudyofnurseswithbreastcancer,havingaspousewasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too.Inasix-yearstudyof736middle-ageSwedishmen,attachmenttoasinglepersondidn’tappeartoaffecttheriskofheartattackandfatalcoronaryheartdisease,buthavingfriendshipsdid.Onlysmokingwasasimportantariskfactoraslackofsocialsupport.

6.Exactlywhyfriendshiphassuchabigeffectisn’tentirelyclear.Whilefriendscanrunerrandsandpickupmedicineforasickperson,thebenefitsgowellbeyondphysicalassistance;indeed,proximitydoesnotseemtobeafactor.Itmaybethatpeoplewithstrongsocialtiesalsohavebetteraccesstohealthservicesandcare.Beyondthat,however,friendshipclearlyhasaprofoundpsychologicaleffect.Peoplewithstrongfriendshipsarelesslikelythanotherstogetcolds,perhapsbecausetheyhavelowerstresslevels.

7.Lastyear,researchersstudied34studentsattheUniversityofVirginia,takingthentothebaseofasteephillandfittingthemwithaweightedbackpack.Theywerethenaskedtoestimatethesteepnessofthehill.Someparticipantsstoodnexttofriendsduringtheexercise,whileotherswerealone.Thestudentswhostoodwithfriendsgavetowerestimateofthesteepnessofthehill.Andthelongerthefriendshadknown,eachother,thelesssteepthehillappeared,“Peoplewithstrongerfriendshipnetworksfeellikethereissomeonetheycanturnto.”SaidKarenA.Roberto,directorofthecenterforgerontologyatVirginiaTech.“Friendshipisanundervaluedresource.Theconsistentmessageofthesestudiesisthatfriendsmakeyourlifebetter.”

1.Thesignificanceoffriendshipinkeepingindividualshealth(

).

2.JefferyZaslowhasrecentlypublishedabook(

).

3.Thestudiescitedinthearticle(

4.Accordingtothearticle,psychologistBellaDepaulothinksthat(

).

5.Thestudydescribedinparagraph6suggeststhatthepresenceoffriendsmakeshumanbeings(

).

问题1选项

A.Issomethingaboutwhichmedicalresearchsofarhasnothingtosay,thoughsocialscientistshavelongsuspecteditsrole

B.Hasbeenrecognizedbothintuitivelyandscientificallyformanydecades

C.Waslongoverlookedbyscientists,thoughinthelastfewyearssomej2orstudiesofithavebeenconducted

D.Isnowveryclearinallrespects.

问题2选项

A.Presentingtheresultsofmanyyearsorigorousscientificinvestigationoftheconnectionbetweenfriendshipandlongevity(=longlife)

B.Focusingontheverypositiverolethatfriendshiphasplayedinkeepingelevenwomenhealthyformorethanfortyyears.

C.Showingthatactivefriendshipisveryeffectiveindefeatingcancer

D.Thatexplorestheimpactofanetworkoffriendshipsonmanyaspectsofthelivesofelevenwomen,includingtheirhealth.

问题3选项

A.Seemtosuggestthatthepositiveeffectsoffriendshiponhealthdonotrequireactuallybeingnearfriends

B.Shedlightonthedissimilarhealthimpactofsame-sexfriendshipsversusfriendshipsbetweenpeopleofdifferentsexes.

C.establishthatwomenhaveoreenduringfriendshipthatmendo,andbenefitaccordingly

D.provethatfriendshippromotesthehealthofmenandwomenequally.

问题4选项

A.Friendshipdoesnothavesogreataneffectonhealthasmarriageorbloodtiescan

B.Havingfriendsmaywellbemoreimportantforhealththanhavingrelativesoraspouse

C.Thekeytogoodhealthishavingatleastonepersonwhocanbecountedoninanillness

D.Havingaspouseisasseriousariskfactorassmokingforhumanhealthandlongevity

问题5选项

A.physicallystronger

B.recklessandunrealistic

C.moreenergetic

D.moreoptimistic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段提到了为证实友谊对健康的益处所做的研究并指出:Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated(总的来说,友谊在我们生活中的作用并没有得到重视)。故选C:长期以来被科学家忽视,尽管在过去一些年中有做一些相关研究。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter(几乎在每一章中,友谊对他们健康和福祉的作用都是显而易见的)。故选D。

3.细节事实题。第五段:Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too(虽然许多对友谊的研究关注的是女性之间的亲密关系,但一些研究表明,男性也可以从中受益),故选D。

4.观点态度题。第五段:notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember(BellaDepaulo认为在许多研究中,友谊对健康的影响比配偶或家庭成员更大)。故选B:对于健康而言,朋友可能比有亲戚或配偶更重要。

5.推理判断题。第六段讲的是友谊对于健康的益处。

15.单选题

Theseactorsfailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowtheyhaveto()theconsequences.

问题1选项

A.answerfor

B.runinto

C.abideby

D.stepinto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项answerfor“因……受罚,对……负责”;B选项runinto“遭遇,撞上”;C选项abideby“遵守,承担……的后果”;D选项stepinto“进入”。句意:这些演员没有履行合同中的某些条款,现在他们必须对此结果负责。选项A符合语境。

16.单选题

Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.Forexample,insomesocieties,thenuclearfamilyistheunitthatregularlyeatstogether.TheanthropologistMaryDouglashaspointedoutthat,fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.Shedistinguishesbetweenregularmeals,Sundaymealswhenrelativesmaycome,andcocktailpartiesforacquaintances.Thefoodservedsymbolizestheoccasionandreflectswhoispresent.Forexample,onlysnacksareservedatacocktailparty.Itwouldbeinappropriatetoserveasteakorhamburgers.Thedistinctionsamongcocktails,regularmeals,andspecialdinnersmarkthesocialboundariesbetweenthoseguestswhoareinvitedfordrinks,thosewhoareinvitedtodinner,andthosewhocometoafamilymeal.Inthisexample,thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.

InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.Thementaketheirmealsinamen’shouse,separatelyfromtheirwivesandchildren.Womenprepareandeattheirfoodintheirownhousesandtakethehusband’sportiontothemen’shouse.Thewomeneatwiththeirchildrenintheirownhouses.ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.

Eatingisametaphorthatissometimesusedtosignifymarriage.InmanyNewGuineasocieties,likethatoftheLesuontheislandofNewIrelandinthePacificandthatoftheTrobriandIslanders,marriageissymbolizedbythecouple’seatingtogetherforthefirsttime.Eatingsymbolizestheirnewstatusasamarriedcouple.InU.S.society,itisjustthereverse.Acouplemaygoouttodinneronafirstdate.

Otherculturalruleshavetodowithtaboosagainsteatingcertainthings.Insomesocieties,membersofaclan,atypeofkin(family)group,arenotallowedtoeattheanimalorbirdthatistheirtotemicancestor.Sincetheybelievethemselvestobedescendedfromthatancestor,itwouldbelikeeatingthatancestororeatingthemselves.

Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.Acastesystemconsistsofrankedgroups,eachwithadifferenteconomicspecialization.InIndia,thereisanassociationbetweencasteandtheideaofpollution.Membersofhighlyrankedgroupscanbepollutedbycomingintocontactwiththebodilysecretions,particularlysaliva,ofindividualsoflower-rankedcastes.Becauseofthefearofpollution,Brahmansandotherhigh-rankedindividualswillnotsharefoodwith,noteatfromthesameplateas,notevenacceptfoodfromanindividualorfromalow-rankingcaste.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theEnglishmakecleardistinctionsbetween().

2.Accordingtothepassage,whowillNOTeattogether?

3.Accordingtothepassage,eatingtogetherindicatesallthefollowingEXCEPT().

4.ThelastparagraphsuggeststhatinIndia()decideshowpeopleeat.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetopicofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.peoplewhoeattogether

B.thekindsoffoodserved

C.familymembersandguests

D.snacksandhamburgers

问题2选项

A.TheEnglish.

B.Americansontheirfirstdate.

C.MenandwomeninNearEasternsocieties.

D.Newly-wedsontheislandofNewIreland.

问题3选项

A.thetypeoffood

B.socialrelations

C.maritalstatus

D.familyties

问题4选项

A.pollution

B.food

C.culture

D.socialstatus

问题5选项

A.Differentkindsoffoodintheworld.

B.Cultureandmannersofeating.

C.Symbolicmeaningsoffoodconsumption.

D.Relationsbetweenfoodandsocialunits.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。题目问的是:英国人将什么进行了明确的区分?根据关键词“theEnglish”定位到第一段第四句fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.(对英国人来说,食物的种类和供应的食物与一起吃饭的人们之间的社会联系有关。)再根据后面的举例以及本段最后一句thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.(食物的种类象征着客人的类别以及和谁一起吃。)由此可知,英国人对于供应食物的种类做了明确的区分,所以选项B正确。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是:哪些人不会在一起吃饭?原文第二段首句提及InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.(在一些新几内亚社会,小家庭通常是不会一起吃饭的。)后面进行了举例,男性通常和他们的妻子孩子分开吃饭。以及本段最后一句也提及ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.(这种模式在近东社会中也很普遍。)由此可知,选项C符合原文。

3.判断推理题。题目问的是:下面哪一个不是一起吃饭所表明的信息?根据原文的内容可知,第一段提到了社会关系,第二段提到了家庭关系,第三段提到了婚姻关系,所以选项B、C、D均正确,只有选项A不是“eatingtogether”所表明的事情,所以本题选A。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是:最后一段表明,印度的什么决定了人们怎么吃?根据最后一段首句Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.(食物禁忌和等级之间也有联系,这在印度的种姓制度中表现得最为极端。)由此可知,印度的社会地位决定了人们怎么吃。所以选项D正确。

5.主旨大意题。原文第一段的第一、二句为本文的主题句Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.(文化规则决定了食物消费的方方面面。谁在一起吃饭定义了社会群体。)由此可知,本文主要是讲食物和社会群体的关系,所以选项D正确。

17.单选题

Janet_____hersisterforeavesdroppingonherphonecalls.“Stayoutofmylovelife,”shechided.

问题1选项

A.upbraided

B.begrudged

C.underlined

D.grilled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项“责骂”,B项“嫉妒”,C项“强调”,D项“盘问;审问”。结合句意:Janet姐姐偷听她的电话。“别插手我的爱情生活,”她斥责道。所以选A项。

18.单选题

Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.1trytothinkofsomethingelse.

Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.

IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.

Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”,soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead.Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).

Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.

Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.

Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft.too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn’tofcourse.

Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.

Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!

Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry.andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn'tcry.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?

2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman().

3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?

4.Whendidthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause().

5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?

问题1选项

A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.

B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.

C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.

D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.

问题2选项

A.though

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论