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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南通大学杏林学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Thesergeantlookedsharplyintotheeyesoftheconscriptsstandingbeforehimandsnapped,‘‘(
)thesamemistakeagain!”
问题1选项
A.don'tyoumake
B.Donotyoumake
C.Younotmake
D.Makeyounot
【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。在否定的祈使句中可以带出主语,这种情况下否定结构只能用don't,不用donot。句意:中士眼神犀利地看着站在他面前的士兵说道:“不要再犯同样的错误!”。选项A符合题意。
2.单选题
Underthis(
)pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.
问题1选项
A.intensive
B.weighty
C.intense
D.bulky
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。intensive加强的,集中的;weighty重大的,重的;bulky庞大的,笨重的;intense极度的,强烈的,剧烈的。句意:在这种高强度的压力下,一些岩石甚至变成了液体。由“someoftherocksevenbecameliquid”可知岩石受到了极大的压力,故答案C
3.填空题
13.Wearehavingsome(1)withthemachinethatweimported(2)Japanlastyear.Ithas(3)downtwicealready.Eachtimewehave(4)toaskatechniciantocometoBeijingto(5)it.Thegoodnewsisthatourtechnicianshave(6)completedtheirtraininginTokyo.Thenexttimewehavea(7),wewon’tneedtosendforaJapanesespecialist.
句意:
我们去年从日本进口的这台机器正有些故障。它已经发生过两次故障了。每次故障发生时,我们都不得不让日方派技术员来北京修理它。好消息是我们自己的技术员己经结束了他们在东京的培训。下次该机器再有故障时,我们就不需要邀请日本专家了。
【答案】1.trouble
2.from
3.broken
4.had
5.repair
6.already
7.breakdown
【解析】1.固定搭配。Havetroublewith…有故障。
2.固定搭配。importedfrom从…进口。
3.固定搭配。breakdown损坏,分解,发生故障,分词为brokendown。
4.固定搭配。Haveto不得不。have后加动词过去分词表完成时态,故这里应填had。
5.语义题。修理用repair。
6.语义题。Havealready已经。
7.语义题。haveabreakdown损坏,出故障。
4.单选题
Ifthey’relookingfora(
)ofinformationonapageorareengrossedincontent,theywon’tbedistractedbytheadsontheside.
问题1选项
A.stripe
B.sustainment
C.series
D.snippet
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。stripe“条纹”;sustainment“支持物”;series“系列,连续”;snippet“片断”。句意:如果他们正在一个网页上寻找信息片段或者专心地看内容,那么他们将不会被旁边的广告分心。由informationonapage可知空格处指信息片段,故D项正确。
5.单选题
Manyartistslateinthelastcenturywereinsearchofameanstoexpresstheirindividuality.Moderndancewasoneofthewayssomeofthesepeoplesoughttofreetheircreativespirit.Atthebeginningtherewasnoexactingtechnique,nofoundationfromwhichtobuild.Inlateryears,trial,error,andgeniusfoundedthetechniquesandtheprinciplesofthemovement.Eventually,innovatorsevendrewfromwhattheyconsideredthedreadballet,butfirsttheyhadtodiscardallthatwasacademicsothatthenewcouldbediscovered.ThebeginningsofmoderndancewerehappeningbeforeIsadoraDuncan,butshewasthefirstpersontobringthenewdancetogeneralaudienceandseeitacceptedandacclaimed.
Hersearchforanaturalmovementformsenthertonature.Shebelievedmovementshouldbeasnaturalastheswayingofthetreesandtherollingwavesofthesea,andshouldbeinharmonywiththemovementsoftheEarth.Hergreatcontributionsareinthreeareas.
First,shebegantheexpansionofthekindsofmovementsthatcouldbeusedindance,beforeDuncandanced,balletwastheonlytypeofdanceperformedinconcert.Intheballetthefeetandlegswereemphasized,withvirtuosity(精湛的技巧)shownbycomplicated,designedpositionsandmovements.Duncanperformeddancebyusingallherbodyinthefreestpossibleway.Herdancestemmedfromhersoulandspirit.Shewasoneofthepioneerswhobroketraditionsoothersmightbeabletodeveloptheart.
Hersecondcontributionwasindancecostume.Shediscardedcorset(紧身内衣),balletshoes,andstintcostumes.ThesewerereplacedwithflowingGreciantunics,barefeetandunboundhair.Shebelievedinthenaturalbodybeingallowedtomovefreely,andherdressdisplayedthisideal.
Herthirdcontributionwasintheuseofmusic.Inherperformancessheusedthesymphoniesofgreatmasters,includingBeethovenandWagner,whichwasnottheusualcustom.
Shewasasexcitingandeccentricinherpersonallifeasinherdance.
1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
2.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidnaturerepresenttoIsadoraDuncan?
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasanareaofdancethatDuncanworkedtochange?
4.Comparedtothoseoftheballet,Duncan’scostumeswereless().
5.Whatdoestheparagraphfollowingthepassageprobablydiscuss?
问题1选项
A.TheEvolutionofDanceintheTwentiethCentury.
B.ArtistsoftheLastCentury.
C.NaturalMovementinDance.
D.APioneerinModernDance.
问题2选项
A.Amodelformovement.
B.Somethingtoconquer.
C.Aplacetofindpeace.
D.Asymbolofdisorder.
问题3选项
A.Themusic
B.Thestagesets
C.Costumes
D.Movements
问题4选项
A.costly
B.colorful
C.graceful
D.restrictive
问题5选项
A.Duncan’sfurthercontributiontomoderndance.
B.Themusiccustomarilyusedinballet.
C.OtheraspectsofDuncan'slife.
D.Audienceacceptanceofthenewformofdance.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:D
第5题:C
【解析】第1题:1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知,本文是一篇传记,主要讲述的是现代舞的先驱——IsadoraDuncan对舞蹈的巨大贡献。所以选项D正确。
2.判断推理题。题干问的是“对IsadoraDuncan来说,大自然代表了什么?”根据第二段的一、二句“她对自然运动形式的探索使她进入了自然。她认为运动应该像树木的摇摆和大海的波涛一样自然,应该与大地的运动协调一致。”也就是说,IsadoraDuncan把大自然当做舞蹈运动的模型,将舞蹈和自然相结合。所以选项A正确。
3.细节事实题。原文第三段主要讲述的是Duncan对舞蹈动作的改变;第四段主要讲述的是对舞蹈服装的改变;第五段主要讲述的是对音乐运用的改变。所以只有选项B“舞台”的改变在原文中没有提及。
4.判断推理题。根据原文第四段的内容“她摒弃了紫色内衣,芭蕾舞鞋和具有限制性的服装,取而代之的是飘逸的希腊宽松外衣、光着脚和披散着的头发。”由此可知,Duncan的服装是轻松自由的,相对于芭蕾服装来说,没有那么多的限制性,所以选项D正确。
5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容“她的个人生活就像她的舞蹈一样令人兴奋和古怪。”由此可推断,接下来可能要讲到的内容是Duncan生活的其他方面。选项C正确。
第2题:
第3题:
第4题:
第5题:
6.单选题
FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewestemergedthemedievalversionofpolitics()inturnevolvedthepoliticsofourmodernworld.
问题1选项
A.ofwhich
B.fromwhich
C.onwhich
D.bywhich
【答案】B
【解析】句意:从基督教和西方的野蛮王国中出现了中世纪政治的形态,而从该形态中又依次演变出了我们现代世界的政治形态。
语法题。考查从句引导词。空格后是一个定语从句。前面的主句中,FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewest是地点状语,因此在定语从句中,fromwhich作状语与前面的from形成对应,evolved作谓语,thepoliticsofourmodernworld作主语。
7.翻译题
A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.
1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatare()(均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的)。
2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,which()(把美观和功能完美地结合起来)。
3.我们必须培养分析问题和解决问题的能力。
4.认识落后,才能改变落后。学习先进,才有可能赶超先进。
5.一个不怕困难、百折不挠、坚持到底的科学工作者一定会在科研工作中取得光辉的成就。
【答案】1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatarebalanceddietsareessentialtogoodhealth.
2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,whichcombinesbeautywithfunctionperfectly.
3.Wemustdeveloptheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.
4.Onlybyunderstandingbackwardnesscanwechangebackwardness.Learningadvancedmakesitpossibletocatchupwithandsurpasstheadvanced.
5.Ascientificworkerwhoisnotafraidofdifficulties,perseveringinspiteofsetbacksandperseveringtotheendwillsurelyachievebrilliantachievementsinhisscientificresearchwork.
8.单选题
Maximumbenefitstypicallyrangefrom$50,000to$250,000,thoughsome()havenolimit.
问题1选项
A.policies
B.bills
C.charges
D.prices
【答案】C
【解析】句意:最大的福利通常在5万至25万美元之间,不过有些费用没有上限。bills一般指账单;charge做动词意为指控,要价;做名词意为费用,手续费等。所以选项C更合适。
9.翻译题
Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.
Theword“winner”and“loser”havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmeanonewhomakessomeoneelselose.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthentically(真实地)bybeingcredible,trustworthy,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.
Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefactsfromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers,evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawed(敬畏)bythem.
【答案】“胜利者”与“失败者”有很多含义。当我们谈到某个人是胜利者的时候,我们不是说他通过打倒某人取胜了。在我们看来,胜利者就是一个值得信赖,敢于承担责任并且诚恳的人——作为个体或作为社会一员都是如此。
成功者敢于独立思考,敢于运用自身的学识。他们能够分清事实与观点,明辨是非,不会装作无所不知。他们倾听他人的见解,品评他人的言论,但形成自己的结论。虽然成功者也会钦佩他人,敬重他人,但他们绝不会受制于他人,为他人所束缚,不会畏惧他人,或为他人所击垮。
10.单选题
Inmanycountriesnow,smokingisnot______inpublicplaces.
问题1选项
A.permissive
B.permutable
C.pernicious
D.permissible
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项permissive“宽容的”;B选项permutable“可排列的;能交换的”;C选项pernicious“有害的;恶性的;致命的;险恶的”;D选项permissible“可允许的;获得准许的”。句意:在许多国家,吸烟在公共场所是不……。结合句意,A,B,C选项可以排除,D选项permissible(可允许的;获得准许的)最符合语意,吸烟在公众场合是不被允许的,因此选项D正确。
11.单选题
Wedon’tthinkthathis(
)abilityhasbeenwelldeveloped.
问题1选项
A.possible
B.potential
C.initial
D.invisible
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。possible“可能的”;potential“有潜力的”;initial“最初的”;invisible“看不见的”。句意:我们认为他的潜力没有被好好挖掘。选项B符合题意。
12.单选题
Takentogether,theselawssoughttoreapthemedicalbenefitsoforgantransplantationandtoencourageindividualstobecomeorgandonors,while(
)certainethicallimitsagainsttreatingthebodyaspropertyandthenewlydeadassimplynaturalresources.
问题1选项
A.cuttingout
B.offsetting
C.reserving
D.goingover
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项cutout“切断;删去;停止”;B选项offset“抵消;弥补”;C选项reserve“预订;储备;保留”;D选项goover“复习,重温;转变”。句意:综上所述,这些法律寻求获得器官移植的医疗利益,鼓励个人成为器官捐赠者,同时……一定的伦理限制,以免将人体视为财产,将死者仅仅视为自然资源。由后半句句意判断可知此处应选择C选项“保留”。
13.单选题
Youareexpectedtoaskthe______candidatesatechnicalquestiontojudgetheirability.
问题1选项
A.prospective
B.productive
C.perpetual
D.promising
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项prospective“未来的,预期的”,B项productive“生产的”,C项perpetual“永久的,不断的”,D项promising“有希望的,有前途的”。根据关键词ask(问)和candidates(候选者)可推测,空格部分表示“未来的”,A项最符合。句意:你应该问未来的候选人一个技术问题来判断他们的能力。因此,该题选择A项正确。
14.单选题
1.Inthequestforbetterhealth,manypeopleturntodoctors,self-helpbooksorherbalsupplements.Buttheyoverlookapowerfulweaponthatcouldhelpthemfightillnessanddepression,speedrecovery,slowagingandprolonglife:theirfriends.Researchersareonlynowstartingtopayattentiontotheimportanceoffriendshipandsocialnetworksinoverallhealth.A10-yearAustralianstudyfoundthatolderpeoplewithalargecircleoffriendswere22percentlesslikelytodieduringthestudyperiodthanthosewithfewerfriends.Alarge2007studyshowedanincreaseofnearly60percentintheriskforobesityamongpeoplewhosefriendsgainedweightAndlastyear,Harvardresearchersreportedthatstrongsocialtiescouldpromotebrainhealthasweage.“Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated,”saidRebeccaGAdams,aprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro.“Thereisjustscadsofstuffonfamiliesandmarriage,butverylittleonfriendship.Itbafflesme.Friendshiphasabiggerimpactonourpsychologicalwell一beingthanfamilyrelationships.”
2.Inanewbook,“TheGirlsFromAmes:AStoryofWomenanda40—YearFriendship”(Gotham),JeffreyZaslowtellsthestoryof11childhoodfriendswhoscatteredfromIowatoeightdifferentStates.Despitethedistance,theirfriendshipsenduredthroughcollegeandmarriage,divorceandothercrises,includingthedeathofoneofthewomeninher20s.Using,scrapbooks,photoalbumsandthewomen’sownmemories,Mr.Zaslowchronicleshowtheirclosefriendshipshaveshapedtheirlivesandcontinuetosustainthem.Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter.
3.Twoofthefriendshaverecentlylearnedtheyhavebreastcancer.KellyZwagerman,
nowahighschoolteacherwholivesinNorthfield,Minn,saidthatwhenshegotherdiagnosisinSeptember2007,herdoctortoldhertosurroundherselfwithlovedones.Instead,shereachedouttoherchildhoodfriends,eventhoughtheylivedfaraway,“ThefirstpeopleItoldwerethewomenfromAmes,”shesaidinaninterview.Je-mailedthem.Iimmediatelyhade-mailsandphonecallsandmessagesofsupport.Itwasinstantthatthelovepouredinfromallofthem.”Whenshecomplainedthathertreatmentledtopainfulsoresinherthroat,anAmesgirlsentasmoothiemakerandrecipes.Another,whohadlostadaughtertoleukemia,sentMs.Zwagermanahand-knittedhat,knowingherheadwouldbecoldwithouthair,stillanothersentpajamasmadeofspecialfabrictohelpcopewithnightsweats.MsZwagermansaidshewasoftenmorecomfortablediscussingherillnesswithhergirlfriendsthanwithherdoctor,“Wegosofarbackthatthesewomenwilltalkaboutanything,”shesaid.
4.Ms.ZwagermansaysherfriendsfromAmeshavebeenanessentialfactorinhertreatmentandrecovery,andresearchherout.In2006,astudyofnearly3,000nurseswithbreastcancerfoundthatwomenwithoutclosefriendswerefourtimesaslikelytodiefromthediseaseaswomenwith10ormorefriends.Andnotably,proximityandtheamountofcontactwithafriendwasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Justhavingfriendswasprotective.
5.BellaDePaulo,avisitingpsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whoseworkfocusesonsinglepeopleandfriendships,notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember.Inthestudyofnurseswithbreastcancer,havingaspousewasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too.Inasix-yearstudyof736middle-ageSwedishmen,attachmenttoasinglepersondidn’tappeartoaffecttheriskofheartattackandfatalcoronaryheartdisease,buthavingfriendshipsdid.Onlysmokingwasasimportantariskfactoraslackofsocialsupport.
6.Exactlywhyfriendshiphassuchabigeffectisn’tentirelyclear.Whilefriendscanrunerrandsandpickupmedicineforasickperson,thebenefitsgowellbeyondphysicalassistance;indeed,proximitydoesnotseemtobeafactor.Itmaybethatpeoplewithstrongsocialtiesalsohavebetteraccesstohealthservicesandcare.Beyondthat,however,friendshipclearlyhasaprofoundpsychologicaleffect.Peoplewithstrongfriendshipsarelesslikelythanotherstogetcolds,perhapsbecausetheyhavelowerstresslevels.
7.Lastyear,researchersstudied34studentsattheUniversityofVirginia,takingthentothebaseofasteephillandfittingthemwithaweightedbackpack.Theywerethenaskedtoestimatethesteepnessofthehill.Someparticipantsstoodnexttofriendsduringtheexercise,whileotherswerealone.Thestudentswhostoodwithfriendsgavetowerestimateofthesteepnessofthehill.Andthelongerthefriendshadknown,eachother,thelesssteepthehillappeared,“Peoplewithstrongerfriendshipnetworksfeellikethereissomeonetheycanturnto.”SaidKarenA.Roberto,directorofthecenterforgerontologyatVirginiaTech.“Friendshipisanundervaluedresource.Theconsistentmessageofthesestudiesisthatfriendsmakeyourlifebetter.”
1.Thesignificanceoffriendshipinkeepingindividualshealth(
).
2.JefferyZaslowhasrecentlypublishedabook(
).
3.Thestudiescitedinthearticle(
)
4.Accordingtothearticle,psychologistBellaDepaulothinksthat(
).
5.Thestudydescribedinparagraph6suggeststhatthepresenceoffriendsmakeshumanbeings(
).
问题1选项
A.Issomethingaboutwhichmedicalresearchsofarhasnothingtosay,thoughsocialscientistshavelongsuspecteditsrole
B.Hasbeenrecognizedbothintuitivelyandscientificallyformanydecades
C.Waslongoverlookedbyscientists,thoughinthelastfewyearssomej2orstudiesofithavebeenconducted
D.Isnowveryclearinallrespects.
问题2选项
A.Presentingtheresultsofmanyyearsorigorousscientificinvestigationoftheconnectionbetweenfriendshipandlongevity(=longlife)
B.Focusingontheverypositiverolethatfriendshiphasplayedinkeepingelevenwomenhealthyformorethanfortyyears.
C.Showingthatactivefriendshipisveryeffectiveindefeatingcancer
D.Thatexplorestheimpactofanetworkoffriendshipsonmanyaspectsofthelivesofelevenwomen,includingtheirhealth.
问题3选项
A.Seemtosuggestthatthepositiveeffectsoffriendshiponhealthdonotrequireactuallybeingnearfriends
B.Shedlightonthedissimilarhealthimpactofsame-sexfriendshipsversusfriendshipsbetweenpeopleofdifferentsexes.
C.establishthatwomenhaveoreenduringfriendshipthatmendo,andbenefitaccordingly
D.provethatfriendshippromotesthehealthofmenandwomenequally.
问题4选项
A.Friendshipdoesnothavesogreataneffectonhealthasmarriageorbloodtiescan
B.Havingfriendsmaywellbemoreimportantforhealththanhavingrelativesoraspouse
C.Thekeytogoodhealthishavingatleastonepersonwhocanbecountedoninanillness
D.Havingaspouseisasseriousariskfactorassmokingforhumanhealthandlongevity
问题5选项
A.physicallystronger
B.recklessandunrealistic
C.moreenergetic
D.moreoptimistic
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段提到了为证实友谊对健康的益处所做的研究并指出:Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated(总的来说,友谊在我们生活中的作用并没有得到重视)。故选C:长期以来被科学家忽视,尽管在过去一些年中有做一些相关研究。
2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter(几乎在每一章中,友谊对他们健康和福祉的作用都是显而易见的)。故选D。
3.细节事实题。第五段:Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too(虽然许多对友谊的研究关注的是女性之间的亲密关系,但一些研究表明,男性也可以从中受益),故选D。
4.观点态度题。第五段:notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember(BellaDepaulo认为在许多研究中,友谊对健康的影响比配偶或家庭成员更大)。故选B:对于健康而言,朋友可能比有亲戚或配偶更重要。
5.推理判断题。第六段讲的是友谊对于健康的益处。
15.单选题
Theseactorsfailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontract,andnowtheyhaveto()theconsequences.
问题1选项
A.answerfor
B.runinto
C.abideby
D.stepinto
【答案】A
【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项answerfor“因……受罚,对……负责”;B选项runinto“遭遇,撞上”;C选项abideby“遵守,承担……的后果”;D选项stepinto“进入”。句意:这些演员没有履行合同中的某些条款,现在他们必须对此结果负责。选项A符合语境。
16.单选题
Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.Forexample,insomesocieties,thenuclearfamilyistheunitthatregularlyeatstogether.TheanthropologistMaryDouglashaspointedoutthat,fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.Shedistinguishesbetweenregularmeals,Sundaymealswhenrelativesmaycome,andcocktailpartiesforacquaintances.Thefoodservedsymbolizestheoccasionandreflectswhoispresent.Forexample,onlysnacksareservedatacocktailparty.Itwouldbeinappropriatetoserveasteakorhamburgers.Thedistinctionsamongcocktails,regularmeals,andspecialdinnersmarkthesocialboundariesbetweenthoseguestswhoareinvitedfordrinks,thosewhoareinvitedtodinner,andthosewhocometoafamilymeal.Inthisexample,thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.
InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.Thementaketheirmealsinamen’shouse,separatelyfromtheirwivesandchildren.Womenprepareandeattheirfoodintheirownhousesandtakethehusband’sportiontothemen’shouse.Thewomeneatwiththeirchildrenintheirownhouses.ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.
Eatingisametaphorthatissometimesusedtosignifymarriage.InmanyNewGuineasocieties,likethatoftheLesuontheislandofNewIrelandinthePacificandthatoftheTrobriandIslanders,marriageissymbolizedbythecouple’seatingtogetherforthefirsttime.Eatingsymbolizestheirnewstatusasamarriedcouple.InU.S.society,itisjustthereverse.Acouplemaygoouttodinneronafirstdate.
Otherculturalruleshavetodowithtaboosagainsteatingcertainthings.Insomesocieties,membersofaclan,atypeofkin(family)group,arenotallowedtoeattheanimalorbirdthatistheirtotemicancestor.Sincetheybelievethemselvestobedescendedfromthatancestor,itwouldbelikeeatingthatancestororeatingthemselves.
Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.Acastesystemconsistsofrankedgroups,eachwithadifferenteconomicspecialization.InIndia,thereisanassociationbetweencasteandtheideaofpollution.Membersofhighlyrankedgroupscanbepollutedbycomingintocontactwiththebodilysecretions,particularlysaliva,ofindividualsoflower-rankedcastes.Becauseofthefearofpollution,Brahmansandotherhigh-rankedindividualswillnotsharefoodwith,noteatfromthesameplateas,notevenacceptfoodfromanindividualorfromalow-rankingcaste.
1.Accordingtothepassage,theEnglishmakecleardistinctionsbetween().
2.Accordingtothepassage,whowillNOTeattogether?
3.Accordingtothepassage,eatingtogetherindicatesallthefollowingEXCEPT().
4.ThelastparagraphsuggeststhatinIndia()decideshowpeopleeat.
5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetopicofthepassage?
问题1选项
A.peoplewhoeattogether
B.thekindsoffoodserved
C.familymembersandguests
D.snacksandhamburgers
问题2选项
A.TheEnglish.
B.Americansontheirfirstdate.
C.MenandwomeninNearEasternsocieties.
D.Newly-wedsontheislandofNewIreland.
问题3选项
A.thetypeoffood
B.socialrelations
C.maritalstatus
D.familyties
问题4选项
A.pollution
B.food
C.culture
D.socialstatus
问题5选项
A.Differentkindsoffoodintheworld.
B.Cultureandmannersofeating.
C.Symbolicmeaningsoffoodconsumption.
D.Relationsbetweenfoodandsocialunits.
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:D
第5题:D
【解析】1.判断推理题。题目问的是:英国人将什么进行了明确的区分?根据关键词“theEnglish”定位到第一段第四句fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.(对英国人来说,食物的种类和供应的食物与一起吃饭的人们之间的社会联系有关。)再根据后面的举例以及本段最后一句thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.(食物的种类象征着客人的类别以及和谁一起吃。)由此可知,英国人对于供应食物的种类做了明确的区分,所以选项B正确。
2.细节事实题。题目问的是:哪些人不会在一起吃饭?原文第二段首句提及InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.(在一些新几内亚社会,小家庭通常是不会一起吃饭的。)后面进行了举例,男性通常和他们的妻子孩子分开吃饭。以及本段最后一句也提及ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.(这种模式在近东社会中也很普遍。)由此可知,选项C符合原文。
3.判断推理题。题目问的是:下面哪一个不是一起吃饭所表明的信息?根据原文的内容可知,第一段提到了社会关系,第二段提到了家庭关系,第三段提到了婚姻关系,所以选项B、C、D均正确,只有选项A不是“eatingtogether”所表明的事情,所以本题选A。
4.细节事实题。题目问的是:最后一段表明,印度的什么决定了人们怎么吃?根据最后一段首句Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecastesystemofIndia.(食物禁忌和等级之间也有联系,这在印度的种姓制度中表现得最为极端。)由此可知,印度的社会地位决定了人们怎么吃。所以选项D正确。
5.主旨大意题。原文第一段的第一、二句为本文的主题句Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.(文化规则决定了食物消费的方方面面。谁在一起吃饭定义了社会群体。)由此可知,本文主要是讲食物和社会群体的关系,所以选项D正确。
17.单选题
Janet_____hersisterforeavesdroppingonherphonecalls.“Stayoutofmylovelife,”shechided.
问题1选项
A.upbraided
B.begrudged
C.underlined
D.grilled
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。A项“责骂”,B项“嫉妒”,C项“强调”,D项“盘问;审问”。结合句意:Janet姐姐偷听她的电话。“别插手我的爱情生活,”她斥责道。所以选A项。
18.单选题
Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.1trytothinkofsomethingelse.
Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.
IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.
Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”,soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead.Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).
Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.
Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.
Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft.too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn’tofcourse.
Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.
Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!
Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry.andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn'tcry.
1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?
2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman().
3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?
4.Whendidthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause().
5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?
问题1选项
A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.
B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.
C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.
D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.
问题2选项
A.though
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