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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川长江职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Lymediseaseiscausedbybacteriathatare()bydeertick.
问题1选项
A.emitted
B.transmitted
C.communicated
D.distributed
【答案】B
【解析】动词辨析。B选项transmitted意为“传播,传染(疾病)”。句意:莱姆病是一种由鹿蜱传播的细菌所()的疾病。A选项emitted发出,发射;B选项transmitted传播,传染(疾病);C选项communicated传达,表达;D选项distributed分配,散布。B选项transmitted符合句意
2.单选题
The()stuckontheenvelopesays“ByAir”.
问题1选项
A.diagram
B.label
C.signal
D.mark
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。diagram“图表,图解”;label“标签”;signal“信号”;mark“标志,记号”。句意:信封上贴的标签写着“航空信件”。B项符合题意。
3.案例题
Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans
AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls.
"I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."
White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."
Stinginthetail
AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.
Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.
TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.
Dramaticshift
Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"-ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.
Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.
Lingeringracism
IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots(同胞)?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic(有魅力的)blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.
InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.
Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.
Dropinbias
BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.
Talkinghonestly
"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.
Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.
Hugeobstacles
Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient(出色的)image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.
ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."
ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.
Beyondrace
Wealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?
AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious(隐伏的)side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.
1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?
A.Excited.
B.Victorious.
C.Anxious.
D.Relieved.
2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether.
A.shecouldobtainherMBAdegree
B.shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife
C.shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers
D.shewasreallyanachieverasastudent
3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?
A.RacistsentimentsinAmerica.
B.Thepowerofrolemodels.
C.Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.
D.ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.
4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat.
A.blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection
B.whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychanged
C.Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks
D.Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests
5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?
A.Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.
B.Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.
C.Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.
D.Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.
6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat.
A.morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies
B.relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain
C.peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality
D.whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans
7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat.
A.Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotential
B.Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellence
C.racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety
D.blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation
8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffecton(
).
9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's(
).
10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial(
).
【答案】1.D
2.B
3.B
4.D
5.A
6.C
7.C
8.ourviewsofwomen
9.politicalsentiment
10.stereotypes
【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知,当ErinWhite听到Obama成功赢得选举的消息,她感觉到肩上的担子减轻了。选项D符合原文。
根据第二段ErinWhite说的话“Buttherehad...gosofar.”可知,她总是被一些问题所困扰,比如是否能成为自己想成为的人,在人生路上能走多远。选项B符合原文。
3根据第四段的第一句“AshbyPlantis...totesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.”所以选项B正确。
4.
根据第五段的最后一句“Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.”以及第四段提到的howthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.可知,选项D正确。
5.
根据关键词“preliminaryresults”定位到Dropinbias这一部分的内容,本段最后一句“hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.”所以选项A与原文相符。
6.
根据关键词“negativeside”定位到Talkinghonestly这一部分的内容“TheObamaeffect...beforetheelection.”,选项C符合原文。
7.
根据关键词“CherylKaiser”定位到Hugeobstacles这一部分的内容,“wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife.”选项C符合原文。
8.
根据关键词“Effron”定位到“Hugeobstacles”这一部分第三段Effron说的内容“There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected”.。
9.
根据倒数第二段的内容“Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps.”。
10.
根据最后一段的倒数第二句“Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes.”。
4.单选题
EvenifyouhaveneverseenaJarmanfilmorpainting,orgarden,youcan______thepassionandgraceofhiswriting.
问题1选项
A.assess
B.pursue
C.savor
D.testify
【答案】C
【解析】【选项释义】
A.assess评估;评定
B.pursue追求;致力于
C.savor品味;体会D.testify(尤指出庭)作证;证明
【考查点】动词辨析。
【解题思路】根据关键信息thepassionandgraceofhiswriting(他作品中的激情和优雅)可知,空格处表示“品味,体会”符合句意,故该题选择C项恰当。
【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。
【句意】即使你从未看过贾曼的电影、绘画或花园,你也能品味到他作品中的激情和优雅。
5.单选题
Theviolent()ofhisyouthreappearedandwasdirectednotonlyatthearmy,butathiswifeatall.
问题1选项
A.impatience
B.character
C.temper
D.quality
【答案】C
【解析】impatience急躁,不耐烦;character性质,品格;temper脾气,性情,倾向;quality品质,特性。句意:他年轻时的暴躁脾气又出现了,不仅是在军队,而且对他的妻子也是一样。选项C符合句意。
6.不定项选择题
IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynurserywasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe(1)halfofthe19thcentury;mostof(2)werecharitable.BothinEuropeandintheU.S,thedaynurserymovementreceivedgreat(3)duringtheFirstWorldWar,when(4)ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedented(前所未有的)numbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountriesnurserieswereestablished(5)inmunitions(军火)plants,underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.(6)thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose(7),thisrisewasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,(8),federal,state,andlocalgovernmentsgraduallybegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol(9)thedaynurseries,chieflyby(10)them.
The(11)oftheSecondWorldWarwasquicklyfollowedbyanincreaseinthenumberofdaynurseriesinalmostallcountries,aswomenwere(12)calledupontoreplacemeninthefactories.Onthis(13)theU.S.governmentimmediatelycametothesupportofthenurseryschools,(14)$6,000,000inJuly,1942foranurseryschoolprogramforthechildrenofworkingmothers.Manystatesandlocalcommunities(15)thisFederalaid.Bytheendofthewar,inAugust1945,morethan100,000childrenwerebeingcared(16)indaycarecentersreceivingfederal(17).Soonafterward,thefederalgovernment(18)cutdownitsexpendituresforthispurposeandlater(19)them,causingasharpdropinthenumberofnurseryschoolsinoperation.However,theexpectationthatmostemployedmotherswouldleavetheir(20)attheendofthewarwasonlypartlyfulfilled.
问题1选项
A.late
B.latter
C.other
D.first
问题2选项
A.those
B.whose
C.them
D.imitation
问题3选项
A.impetus
B.input
C.imitation
D.initiative
问题4选项
A.sources
B.abundance
C.shortage
D.reduction
问题5选项
A.hardly
B.entirely
C.even
D.only
问题6选项
A.Because
B.As
C.Since
D.Although
问题7选项
A.unanimously
B.sharply
C.predominantly
D.militantly
问题8选项
A.therefore
B.consequently
C.moreover
D.however
问题9选项
A.over
B.in
C.at
D.about
问题10选项
A.labeling
B.formulating
C.patenting
D.licensing
问题11选项
A.outset
B.outbreak
C.breakthrough
D.breakdown
问题12选项
A.again
B.thus
C.repeatedly
D.yet
问题13选项
A.circumstance
B.case
C.occasion
D.situation
问题14选项
A.regulating
B.summoning
C.allocating
D.transferring
问题15选项
A.expanded
B.facilitated
C.supplemented
D.compensated
问题16选项
A.by
B.after
C.of
D.for
问题17选项
A.pensions
B.subsidies
C.revenues
D.budgets
问题18选项
A.prevalently
B.furiously
C.drastically
D.statistically
问题19选项
A.diminished
B.abolished
C.jeopardized
D.precluded
问题20选项
A.nurseries
B.jobs
C.homes
D.children
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:C
第6题:D
第7题:B
第8题:C
第9题:A
第10题:D
第11题:B
第12题:A
第13题:C
第14题:C
第15题:C
第16题:D
第17题:B
第18题:C
第19题:B
第20题:B
【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。根据上文第一家托儿所是在1854年开的,所以说空格处应该填“19世纪下半叶”,根据固定搭配thelatterhalfof“……下半叶”,答案选B。
第2题:考查代词。A选项those“这些”;B选项whose“他们的”;C选项them“他们”;D选项imitation“模仿”。句意:大多数都具有慈善性质。这里填的内容是用来指代托儿所,所以排除D。选B选项会造成语法错误,所以不选;mostof后面要用人称代词,所以答案选C。
第3题:考查上下文文意。A选项impetus“动力,推动”;B选项input“输入”;C选项imitation“模仿”D选项initiative“主动权,积极性”。句意:第一次世界大战期间,在欧洲和美国,日间托儿所运动得到(),当人力()造成女性就业数量达到前所未有的程度。这里因为战争,造成男性劳动力缺失,女性走出家门去工作,所以托儿所运动获得了动力,答案选A。
第4题:考查上下文文意。A选项sources“来源,出处”;B选项abundance“充裕,丰富”;C选项shortage“缺乏”,D选项reduction“减少”。句意:第一次世界大战期间,在欧洲和美国,日间托儿所运动得到(),当()人力造成女性就业数量达到前所未有的程度。战争使男性上了战场,造成了男性劳动力的缺失,所以女性走出门来了,由此可知答案选C。
第5题:考查上下文文意。A选项hardly“几乎不”;B选项entirely“完全地”;C选项even“甚至”;D选项only“只,仅仅”。句意:一些欧洲国家在政府直接赞助下,托儿所()建立在军火库里。这里根据句意就是政府赞助,所以托儿所建在军火库里,所以A不选;B、D选项代入题中不相应,所以排除;托儿所建立在军火库里是一件有点让人意外的事情,所以答案选C。
第6题:考查上下文文意。A选项Because“因为”;B选项As“正如;因为;尽管”;C选项Since“自从”;D选项Although“尽管”。句意:()美国托儿所的数量也增加(),这一增长是在没有任何政府援助的情况下完成的。托儿所数量增加和没有政府帮助之间存在的关系不会是因果关系和时间逻辑关系,反而让步转折关系会更恰当,所以答案选D。选as作为让步状语的连接词位于句首时,句子需要倒装,所以B不选。
第7题:考查上下文文意。A选项unanimously“全体一致地”;B选项sharply“急剧地”C选项predominantly“主要地”;D选项militantly“好战地,强硬地”。这里的空格后面接的是动词rise,而能和rise搭配的只有B,急剧地上升,所以答案选B。
第8题:考查上下文文意。A选项therefore“因此”;B选项consequently“最终地,结果”;C选项moreover“而且,此外”,D选项however“无论如何,然而可是”。句意:在第一次世界大战之后的几年里,(),联邦、州和地方政府逐渐开始采取措施,主要是由他们来()日间托儿所。根据上文,托儿所在世界大战的时候蓬勃发展,而世界大战之后政府部门开始管控了,这两个事情之间存在着转折关系不是递进或者因果关系,所以答案选C。
第9题:考查固定搭配。句意:地方政府逐渐开始采取措施控制日间托儿所。结合选项,这里能够和control搭配的介词只有over,所以答案选A。
第10题:考查上下文文意。A选项“贴标签,分类”;B选项“系统的阐述,指定……的配方”;C选项“给……专利”;D选项“给……发牌”。句意:地方政府逐渐开始采取措施控制日间托儿所,主要是由他们来控制……。这里根据逻辑,政府部门能够控制的只有发放营业执照,所以答案选D。
第11题:考查上下文文意。A选项outset“开始,开端”;B选项outbreak“爆发,发作”;C选项breakthrough“突破,突破性进展”;D选项breakdown“故障,分解”。句意:第二次世界大战()后,几乎所有国家的日间托儿所数量都迅速增加……。这里能够跟战争搭配的只有A、B选项,根据句意是战争的爆发,所以导致托儿所的数量增加,所以答案选B。
第12题:考查上下文文意。A选项again“再次”;B选项thus“因此”;C选项repeatedly“不断的,重复的”;D选项yet“尽管”。句意:在工厂里,女人被()要求取代男人。根据上文,在第一次世界大战里女性已经进入工厂了,所以答案选A。
第13题:考查固定搭配。A选项circumstance“环境,情况”;B选项case“情况,实例”;C选项occasion“时机,场合”;D选项situation“情形”。句意:在这种(),美国政府立即出面支持托儿所。这里的词义填“情形”。根据关键介词on,这里填C:onthisoccasion在这种场合下。
第14题:考查动词辨析。A选项regulating“调节”;B选项summoning“传唤,召唤”;C选项allocating“分配,拨款”;D选项transferring“转移,传递”。句意:在这种情形下,美国政府在1942年7月立即()600万美元来支持托儿所来照顾工作母亲的孩子。从这里可以看出美国政府是拨了600万美元的款来帮助进入工厂的母亲来照顾孩子。所以这里选C。
第15题:考查动词辨析。A选项expanded“扩展”;B选项facilitated“促进,帮助”;C选项supplemented“补充”;D选项compensated“补偿”。句意:许多州和地方社区都()联邦援助。这里根据句意应该填C,给这项计划做了进一步的补充;facilitated指的是促进了什么事情。
第16题:考查固定搭配。句意:超过10万名儿童在日托中心接受照顾。选项中能够和care搭配的介词是D,如果把care当成一个及物动词,非谓语是被动语态选A的话,caredby后面需要接人,而不是接一个地点,所以答案不能选A。
第17题:考查名词辨析。A选项“养老金”;B选项“补贴,津贴”;C选项“收入”;D选项“预算”。句意:超过10万名儿童在日托中心接受照顾,托儿所受到了政府的()。根据上文,联邦政府拨款给托儿所项目,拨的款收到后便是补贴,所以答案选B选项。
第18题:考查副词辨析。A选项prevalently“流行地,普遍地”;B选项furiously“猛烈地,狂暴地”,C选项drastically“彻底地,激烈地”;D选项statistically“统计地”。句意:随后不久,联邦政府()削减这方面的开支,后来()他们,导致托儿所数量急剧下降。从句中causing可知前面半句是导致托儿所减少的原因。托儿所数量减少可以推断是政府的补贴减少了,选项中能够和cutdown搭配的只有C选项。B选项一般是用来描述人说话或者做事时一种愤怒的状态,不能描述数据,所以排除。
第19题:考查上下文文意。A选项diminished“削减,减弱”;B选项abolished“废除”;C选项jeopardized“危害”;D选项precluded“排除”。句意:随后不久,联邦政府急剧削减这方面的开支,后来()他们,导致托儿所数量急剧下降。从句中causing可以知前面半句是导致托儿所减少的原因。托儿所数量减少可以推断是政府的补贴减少了。这里的空格处前有个later,所以与前面所讲的开支削减存在递进关系,所以答案选B,削减之后在进一步就是废除了。
第20题:考查上下文文意。A选项nurseries“托儿所”;B选项jobs“工作”;C选项homes“家庭”;D选项children“孩子”。句意:然而,预期大多数有工作的母亲会在战争结束时离开(),这只是部分实现了。从句的主语是mother,空格前面有个their,就说明空格出填的要跟mother有关。所以A选项排除。当初是因为战争所以女性才被号召离开家离开孩子去工作的,现在战争结束了母亲们应该是回归家庭回到孩子身边,所以别人预期应该是战争结束后母亲们会辞掉自己的工作回归家庭,但是预期和现实不一样,所以这里答案应该选B。
7.单选题
TheforestfromwhichMantakeshistimberisthetallestandmostimpressiveplantcommunityonEarth.IntermsofMan’sbrieflifeitappearspermanentandunchanging,savefortheseasonalgrowthandfalloftheleaves,buttoforesteritrepresentstheclimaxofalongsuccessionofevents.Nowoodedlandscapeweseetodayhasbeenforestforalllime.Plantshaveminimumrequirementsoftemperatureandmoistureand,inagespast,virtuallyeverypartofEarth’ssurfacehasatsometimebeeneithertoodryortoocoldforplantstosurvive.However,assoonasclimaticconditionschangeinfavorofplantlife,afascinatingsequenceofchangesoccurs,calledaprimarysuccession.
Firsttocolonizethebarrenlandarethelowlylichens,survivingonbarerock.Slowly,theacidsproducedbytheseorganismscracktherocksurface,plantdebrisaccumulates,andmossesestablishashallowroothold.Fernsmayfollowand,withshortgrassesandshrubs,graduallyfromacoveringofplantlife.Rootsprobeevendeeperintothedevelopingsoilandeventuallylargeshrubsgivewaytothefirsttress.Thesegrowrapidly,cuttingoffsunlightfromthesmallerplants,andsoonestablishcompletedomination-closingtheirranksandformingaclimaxcommunitywhichmayendureforthousandsofyears.
Yeteventhiscommunityisnoteverlasting.Firemaydestroyitoutrightandsettlersmaycutitdowntogainlandforpastureorcultivation.Ifthelandisthenabandoned,asecondarysuccessionwilltakeover,developingmuchfasteronthemorehospitablesoil.Shrubsandtreesareamongtheearlyinvaders,theirseedscarriedbythewind,bybirdsandlodgedinthecoatsofmammals.Foraslongasitstandsandthrives,theforestisavastmachine,storingenergyandmanyelementsessentialforlife.
1.Whatdoestheforeststrikemankindaspermanent?
2.Whathassometimescausedplantstodieoutofthepast?
3.Ina“primarysuccession”,whatmakesitpossibleformossestotakeroot?
4.Whatconditionsareneededforshrubstobecomeestablished?
5.Whyisa“secondarysuccession”quicker?
问题1选项
A.Thetreesareincommunity.
B.Theforestisrenewedeachseason.
C.Man'slifeisshortincomparison.
D.Itisanessentialpartofourlives.
问题2选项
A.Interferencefromforesters.
B.Variationsinclimate.
C.Theabsenceofwoodedland.
D.Theintroductionofnewtypeofplants.
问题3选项
A.Thetypeofrock.
B.Theamountofsunlight.
C.Theamountofmoisture.
D.Theeffectoflichens.
问题4选项
A.Fernsmusttakeroot.
B.Thegroundmustbecoveredwithgrass.
C.Moresoilmustaccumulate.
D.Smallerplantsmustdieout.
问题5选项
A.Thegroundismoresuitable.
B.Thereismorespacenewplants.
C.Birdsandanimalsbringnewseeds.
D.Itissupportedbytheforest.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:A
【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“对于人类来说,森林的永恒之处在于……”。文章第一段第二句提到“对于人类短暂的生命来说,森林似乎是永恒不变的”(IntermsofMan’sbrieflifeitappearspermanentandunchanging),因此选项C“相比之下,人类生命很短暂”符合题意。
2.细节事实题。题目问的是“以前有时导致植物灭绝的因素是什么”。文章第一段提到“在过去,地球表面每个部分都曾因为太干或者太冷而使植物无法生存”(inagespast,virtuallyeverypartofEarth’ssurfacehasatsometimebeeneithertoodryortoocoldforplantstosurvive),由此可知气候原因导致某些植物灭绝,选项B符合题意。
3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在初级演替中,什么是苔藓生长成为可能”。文章第二段第一二句提到“首先在贫瘠土地上生长的是地衣,它们生长在光秃秃的岩石上。慢慢地,这些微生物产生的酸性物质破坏了岩石的表面,植物碎屑堆集,苔藓会建立一个很浅的根系”(Firsttocolonizethebarrenlandarethelowlylichens,survivingonbarerock.Slowly,theacidsproducedbytheseorganismscracktherocksurface,plantdebrisaccumulates,andmossesestablishashallowroothold),由此可知是因为有地衣,才有苔藓成长的可能。选项D符合题意。
4.细节事实题。题目问的是“灌木稳固生长需要什么条件”。文章第二段第三句提到“紧接着可能出现的是蕨类植物,短草和灌木逐渐从植物覆盖的土壤中开始生长”(Fernsmayfollowand,withshortgrassesandshrubs,graduallyfromacoveringofplantlife),蕨类生长的前提是苔藓形成的土壤层,因此可知灌木要生长需要累积更多的土壤,选项C符合题意。
5.细节事实题。题目问的是“第二次演替较快的原因是……”。文章最后一段提到“如果这篇土地被废气了,就会发生第二次演替,在更适合生长的土壤将发展得更快”(Ifthelandisthenabandoned,asecondarysuccessionwilltakeover,developingmuchfasteronthemorehospitablesoil),因此选项A符合题意。
8.单选题
Scientistsconcludedthatnonsmokerswhomust(
)inhaletheairpollutedbytobaccosmokersmaysuffermorethanthesmokersthemselves.
问题1选项
A.involuntarily
B.instantaneously
C.spontaneously
D.reluctantly
【答案】D
【解析】副词辨析题。A选项involuntarily“不自觉地,偶然地”;B选项instantaneously“突如其来地”;C选项spontaneously“自发地”;D选项reluctantly“不情愿地”。句意:科学家得出的结论:不吸烟的人如果不情愿地吸入被吸烟者污染的空气,可能会比吸烟者自己更痛苦。选项D符合句意。
9.单选题
Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience(
)onbenches,chairsorboxes.
问题1选项
A.havingseated
B.seated
C.seating
D.havingbeenseated
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。现在分词通常强调动作的主动语态,而过去分词强调状态,强调被动语态或已经发生过的,根据句意‘促销通常在户外进行,人们坐在长凳、椅子或盒子上’确定B选项的seated表示坐的状态,正确。
10.单选题
Thetenantmustbepreparedtodecoratethehouse(
)thetermsofthecontract.
问题1选项
A.inthevicinityof
B.inquestof
C.inaccordancewith
D.incollaborationwith
【答案】C
【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项inthevicinityof“在……附近”;B选项inquestof“探寻、寻求”;C选项inaccordancewith“根据、按照”;D选项incollaborationwith“与……合作”,由题干“合同条款”可知inaccordancewith“根据、按照”符合题意,句意为:根据合约,房客必须准备装饰房子。选项C为正确答案。
11.单选题
Inthepastdecade,alotofcaloricpowerstationshavebeenbuilt,usingcoalasfuel.
问题1选项
A.hydraulic
B.wind
C.solar
D.thermal
【答案】D
【解析】【选项释义】
A.hydraulic(通过水管等)液压的;水力的
B.wind风
C.solar太阳的D.thermal热量的
【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】根据关键信息usingcoalasfuel(以煤为燃料)可知,caloricpowerstations指的是热电站,caloric是“热量的”的意思,D项词义与之相近,故该题选择D项。
【干扰项排除】A、B、C项词义不符合句中所选词汇。
【句意】在过去的十年里,人们建造了许多以煤为燃料的热电站。
12.单选题
Evidencecameup(
)specificsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungassixmonthsold.
问题1选项
A.what
B.that
C.which
D.whose
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。通过分析句子可知,后面specificsoundsarerecognized…是对前面的evidence的解释说明,是同位语,并且是个完整的句子,所以此处用that来引导这个同位语从句。选项B符合题意。
13.翻译题
Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.
Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.
Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11,avianflu,andIranremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.
Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge—butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorefrenzied,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.
ForallthesereasonsIbelieved—andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday—intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.
【答案】科学技术的进步使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲,物质最基本的组成部分,以及生命的奇迹。
与此同时,今天,人类所做的事情及没能做到的事情,不仅危害地球上的生命,而且危害地球自身的生命。
全球化使世界变得更小、更快、更富有。然而,9/11、禽流感和伊朗问题提醒我们,更小、更快的世界不一定是一个更安全的世界。
我们正处在一个知识爆炸的世界之中,但却迫切需要智慧。如今,在(新闻采访的)原声摘要播出变得愈来愈短,即时信息排挤了散杂文,个人生活变得更加疯狂,这个世界需要的正是具有深刻反思能力的大学毕业生。
基于所有这些原因,我相信,而且今天我更加坚信大学的独特和不可替代的使命。
14.单选题
Thefirehascausedgreatlosses,butthefactorytriedto______theconsequencesbysayingthatthedamagewasnotasseriousasreported.
问题1选项
A.decrease
B.subtract
C.minimize
D.degrade
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项decrease“减少,减小”,强调事物逐渐减少的过程,主要是指数量、质量等方面的减少;B选项subtract“减去”;C选项minimize“最小化,将……减到最小”;D选项degrade“降低(地位),贬低”。句意:这场火灾造成了巨大损失,但工厂表示损失没有报道的严重,试图将后果降到最低。
15.单选题
Havingafewtoomanydrinkscanmeanmorethanjustablackoutorabadhangover.Peoplewhoengageinbingedrinkingarecourtingdanger,expertswarn.
Bingedrinkingismostcommonatcollegesanduniversities,wheremanyadultstreatdrinkingtoexcessasariteofpassage.A1997studyfromtheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthreportsthat42.7%ofallcollegestudentsengageinbingedrinking.Thewell-publicizeddeathsofseveralcollegestudentsfrombingedrinkingin1997highlightstherisks.
An18-year-oldfreshmanattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologydrankhimselfintoacomaanddied.A20-year-oldfraternitypledgeatLouisianaStateUniversitydiedfromalcoholpoisoning.
“Alcoholisalwaystoxic.It’sreallyapoison,”saidStevenSchandler,professo
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