考研考博-英语-嘉兴学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-嘉兴学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

（

）thecaraccident,theywouldhavearrivedearlier.

问题1选项

A.Exceptfor

B.Butfor

C.Besides

D.Savefor

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词辨析。exceptfor除了……以外；butfor要不是……；besides此外，而且；savefor保存为，除……之外。句意：要不是那场车祸，他们可能早就到了。由下文theywouldhavearrivedearlier可知该句表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟。butfor+n/pron，用于虚拟语气。故答案B

2.单选题

Freemedicalserviceis（）tonearlyallthecollegestudentsinChina.

问题1选项

A.favorite

B.available

C.convenient

D.average

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。favorite“最喜爱的”；available“可获得的”；convenient“方便的”；average“普通的，平均的”。句意：所有中国大学生都（）免费医疗服务。只有B项符合句意，beavailableto可得到…的，大学生能得到免费医疗服务。答案B

3.单选题

Oneoftheimportantpropertiesofascientifictheoryisitsabilitiesto（）furtherresearchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.

问题1选项

A.stimulate

B.renovate

C.invent

D.advocate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。stimulate“起刺激作用”；renovate“更新；修复”；invent“发明，创造”；advocate“提倡；拥护”。“科学理论的一个重要特征”与后面的“进一步研究”“更深层次的思考”的关系是前者“促进”后者的发生，因此选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Whydoescreamgobadfasterthanbutter?Someresearchersthinktheyhavetheanswer,anditcomesdowntothestructureofthefood,notitschemicalcomposition—afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.

Creamandbuttercontainprettymuchthesamesubstances,sowhycreamshouldsourmuchfasterhasbeenamystery.Bothareemulsions—tinyglobules（小球体）ofoneliquidevenlydistributedthroughoutanother.Thedifferenceliesinwhat’sintheglobulesandwhat’sinthesurroundingliquid,saysBrocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.

Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture.“Thismeansthatincream,thebacteriaarefreetogrowthroughoutthemixture.”Hesays.

Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartmentsburieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients.Theyalsoslowlypoisonthemselveswiththeirwasteproducts.“Inbutter,yougetaself-limitingsystemwhichstopsthehoteliergrowing.”SaysBrocklehurst.

Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood’sstructure.Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.

1.ThesignificanceofBrocklehurst’sresearchisthat（

）.

2.Accordingtotheresearchers,creamsoursfasterthanbutterbecausebacteria

（

）.

3.AccordingtoBrocklehurst,wecankeepcreamfreshby

（

）.

4.Theword‘‘colonies’’refersto

（

）.

5.Commercialapplicationoftheresearchfindingwillbepossibleifsaladcreamcanbemaderesistanttobacterialattack（

）.

问题1选项

A.itsuggestedawaytokeepsomefoodsfreshwithoutpreservatives

B.itdiscoveredtinyglobulesinbothcreamandbutter.

C.itrevealedthesecretofhowbacteriamultiplyincreamandbutter.

D.itfoundthatcreamandbuttersharethesamechemicalcomposition

问题2选项

A.aremoreevenlydistributedincream

B.multiplymoreeasilyincreamthaninbutter

C.liveonlessfatincreamthaninbutter

D.producelesswasteincreamthaninbutter

问题3选项

A.removingitsfat

B.killingthebacteria

C.reducingitswatercontent

D.alteringitsstructure

问题4选项

A.tinyglobules

B.bacteriacommunities

C.wateryregions

D.littlecompartment

问题5选项

A.byvaryingitschemicalcomposition

B.byturningitintoasolidhump

C.whilekeepingitsstructureunchanged

D.whileretainingitsliquidform

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“Brocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.”，可知对于为什么奶油比黄油坏的问题的研究是由Brocklehurst主导的。又根据文章第一段，“afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.”，可知对这一问题研究的结果和发现，有助于帮助去除一些加工食品中的化学防腐剂。可判断出Brocklehurst的研究的意义在于提供了一种可以不使用防腐剂而使某些食品保持新鲜的方法。因此选项A符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture.”，可知在奶油中，脂肪球在水中漂浮。在黄油中，水样溶液的小球被锁在脂肪中。而使食物变坏的细菌更喜欢生活在混合物的含水区域。可判断出在奶油中，细菌更容易在这种混合物中生存繁殖，所以奶油会更快变质。因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood’sstructure.”，可知研究人员已经在与食品公司合作，希望能通过改变食物的结构使其具有抵抗细菌攻击的能力。可判断出研究者Brocklehurst表示，我们可以通过改变食物的结构来使奶油保险，抵抗细菌入侵。因此选项D符合题意。

4.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartmentsburieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients.”，可知当情况发生逆转时，细菌被锁在深埋在脂肪海洋中的隔间里。根据trappedinthisway可判断出，此句是对上一句情况的继续描述，所以非谓语动词的逻辑主语仍然不会改变，这里的colonies和上文的bacteria是同一事物，都为主语。可判断出colonies也是指细菌。因此选项B符合题意。

5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.”，可知Brocklehurst认为将有可能制造出用于沙拉酱中的乳剂，就像用于黄油的乳剂一样。关键是在保持沙拉酱液体的状态，而不是变成固体块。可判断出如果能使沙拉酱在保持液态的状态下能同时抵抗细菌的侵袭，那么这项研究成果将有可能用于商业用途，所以关键在于是要保持液体状态。因此选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Thearchaeologist（

）thatthevasewas3500yearsold.

问题1选项

A.utilized

B.upheld

C.estimated

D.sustained

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。utilized“利用”；upheld“坚持，维护”；estimated“估计”；sustained“维持”。句意：考古学家估计这个花瓶有3500年的历史了。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Hehadafallandhavea（）fractureinabone.

问题1选项

A.hairgrip

B.hairpiece

C.hairline

D.hairstyle

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项hairgrip“发夹”；B选项hairpiece“假发”；C选项hairline“发际线，极细的线，细缝”；D选项hairstyle“发型”。hairlinefracture是一医学术语，“骨裂”，即一种如头发般的单处骨折裂痕。句意：他摔了一跤，骨裂了。因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

HistorianssuchasLeRoyLadurichaveusedthedocumentstoextractcasehistories,whichhave（）theattitudesofdifferentsocialgroupsandhaverevealedhowtheauthoritiesadministeredjustice.

问题1选项

A.laminated

B.ruminated

C.illuminated

D.eliminated

【答案】C

【解析】形近词词义辨析。laminate“分成薄片”；ruminate“沉思，反复思考”；illuminate“阐明，说明”；eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：罗伊•拉杜里克这样一些历史家从记录中提取出历史案例，这些案例说明了不同社会群体的态度以及他们是如何执行司法的。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Wecanbesure,however,thatcitieswillremainthegroundzeroofconvergence.Althoughforestclearanceandexportmonocultureshaveplayedfundamentalrolesinthetransitiontoanewgeologicalepoch,theprimemoverhasbeenthealmostexponentialincreaseinthecarbonfootprintsofurbanregionsinthenorthernhemisphere.Heatingandcoolingtheurbanbuiltenvironmentaloneisresponsibleforanestimated35to45percentofcurrentcarbonemissions,whileurbanindustriesandtransportationcontributeanother35to40percent.Inasense,citylifeisrapidlydestroyingtheecologicalnicheHoloceneclimatestabilitywhichmadeitsevolutionintocomplexitypossible.

Yetthereisastrikingparadoxhere.Whatmakesurbanareassoenvironmentallyunsustainablearepreciselythosefeatures,eveninthelargestmegacities,thataremostanti-urbanorsuburban.Firstamongtheseismassivehorizontalexpansion,whichcombinesthedegradationofvitalnaturalservicesaquifers,watersheds,truckfarms,forests,coastaleco-systemswiththehighcostsofprovidinginfrastructuretosprawl.Theresultisgrotesquelyoversizedenvironmentalfootprints,withaconcomitantgrowthoftrafficandairpollutionand,mostoften,thedownstreamdumpingofwaste.Whereurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources,thepredictablesocialoutcomesareextremespatialsegregationbyincomeorethnicity,aswellasunsafeenvironmentsforchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneeds;inner-citydevelopmentisconceivedasgentrificationthrougheviction,destroyingworking-classurbancultureintheprocess.Tothesewemayaddthesocio-politicalfeaturesofthemegapolisunderconditionsofcapitalistglobalization:thegrowthofperipheralslumsandinformalemployment,theprivatizationofpublicspace,low-intensitywarfarebetweenpoliceandsubsistencecriminals,andbunkeringofthewealthyinsterilizedhistoricalcentersorwalledsuburbs.

Bycontrast,thosequalitiesthataremost‘classically’urban,evenonthescaleofsmallcitiesandtowns,combinetogenerateamorevirtuouscircle.Wheretherearewell-definedboundariesbetweencityandcountryside,urbangrowthcanpreserveopenspaceandvitalnaturalsystems,whilecreatingenvironmentaleconomiesofscaleintransportationandresidentialconstruction.Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreeffectively.Wasteismoreeasilyrecycled,notexporteddownstream.Inclassicurbanvisions,publicluxuryreplacesprivatizedconsumptionthroughthesocializationofdesireandidentitywithincollectiveurbanspace.Largedomainofpublicornon-profithousingreproduceethnicandincomeheterogeneityatfractalscalesthroughoutthecity.Egalitarianpublicservicesandcityscapesaredesignedwithchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneedsinmind.Democraticcontrolsofferpowerfulcapacitiesforprogressivetaxationandplanning,withhighlevelsofpoliticalmobilizationandcivicparticipation,thepriorityofcivicmemoryoverproprietaryiconsandthespatialintegrationofwork,recreationandhomelife.

1.Astheauthordiscussestheissuesinthispassage,hesounds（）.

2.Whyinmanybigcitiesthereareextremespatialsegregationbyincomeorethnicity,aswellasunsafeenvironmentsforchildren,theelderlyandthosewithspecialneeds?

3.Whatdoestheword“these”inthesecondparagraphreferto?

4.Whichofthefollowingwordsisnotsynonymoustotheword“virtuous”inthelastparagraph?

5.Whichofthefollowingwillnotbetheoutcomeundertheconditionthattherearewell-definedboundariesbetweencityandcountryside?

问题1选项

A.critical

B.neutral

C.optimistic

D.pessimistic

问题2选项

A.Becausetheegalitarianaspectsofcitylifeconsistentlyprovidethebestsociologicalandphysicalsupportsforresourceconservationandcarbonmitigation.

B.Becausemassivehorizontalexpansioncombinesthedegradationofvitalnaturalserviceswiththehighcostsofprovidinginfrastructuretosprawl.

C.Becauseurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources.

D.Becausetherearegrotesquelyoversizedenvironmentalfootprints,withaconcomitantgrowthoftrafficandairpollutionand,mostoften,thedownstreamdumpingofwaste.

问题3选项

A.urbanareas.

B.Thosefeatures.

C.Thelargestmegacities

D.Vitalnaturalservices

问题4选项

A.wholesome

B.righteous

C.efficacious

D.pernicious

问题5选项

A.Wasteismoreeasilyrecycled,notexporteddownstream.

B.Urbangrowthcancreateenvironmentaleconomiesofscaleintransportationandresidentialconstruction.

C.Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesunaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreineffectively.

D.Urbangrowthcanpreserveopenspaceandvitalnaturalsystems.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.作者态度题。整篇文章作者都是客观地阐述了大城市的城市化对生态环境的破坏，但是小城市、小镇的城市化和生态环境结合起来就会产生良性循环。其中没有作者过多个人观点的表达。所以对文中的问题作者持中立的态度。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Whereurbanformsaredictatedbyspeculatorsanddevelopers,bypassingdemocraticcontrolsoverplanningandresources”，可知城市形态是由投机者和开发商决定的，绕过了对规划和资源的民主监督，这造成了空间隔离和环境问题。选项C符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句，“Whatmakesurbanareassoenvironmentallyunsustainablearepreciselythosefeatures,eveninthelargestmegacities,thataremostanti-urbanorsuburban.”，可知使城市地区在环境上的问题正是因为这些特点，即使在最大的大城市也是反城市的。可判断出these指代的就是上文提到的features，选项B符合题意。

4.词义理解题。wholesome“健全的”；righteous“正义的”；efficacious“有效的”；pernicious“有毒的，恶性的”。句意：相比之下，那些最典型的城市特征，与一些小城市或城镇结合起来也会形成一个更良性的循环。所以virtuous意思为良性的，只有pernicious不是它的同义词。选项D符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“Accesstocitycentersfromtheperipherybecomesaffordableandtrafficcanberegulatedmoreeffectively.”，可知从郊区进入市中心的交通费用降低了，交通也可以得到更有效的管理。所以C选项中的unaffordable与文意相反。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Thereisnoelectricityagain.A（

）hasblown,causingthelightstofail.

问题1选项

A.fuse

B.wire

C.plug

D.circuit

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。fuse“保险丝，熔线”；wire“金属丝”；plug“插头”；circuit“电路”。句意：又停电了。保险丝坏了，导致停电了。因此选项A符合题意

10.单选题

Sinceabout1800,nearthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution,coal,petroleum,andgashavebeenusedatarapidlyincreasingrate.Thesupplyofthese（1）islimited,andelectricpowerisvery（2）inmanyplaces.Somescientistsbelievesolarenergyistheonly（3）whichcanmeettheworld’senormous（4）forpower.

Greatprogresshadbeenmadeinharnessingthesun.Notonlyisthesunnowusedincooking,（5）italsosuppliespowerfor（6）thingsasbeaconlightsforshipsandairplanes.It（7）telephonelines,portableradios,electricclocks,hearingaids,andevencommunication.SomehomesandofficebuildingsintheUnitedStatesarenowbeing（8）withsolarenergy.

Thethreemostsignificanttypesofsolarequipment（9）arethefurnace,thestill,andthecell.Solarfurnacesheatwaterorair,（10）isthencirculatedthroughabuildingtomakeitcomfortable.

Solarstillsare（11）importantbecausetheycanprovide（12）wateratarelativelycheaprate.Saltcaneasilybe（13）fromseawaterwithasolarstill.

Themosthighlydevelopedtypeofsolar（14）equipmentisthesolarcell.Somecellsareso（15）thattheycanturn16percentoftheenergytheyreceivefromthesun（16）electricenergy.Oneofthecell’sbiggestadvantagesis（17）itcanbemadeeithersmallenoughtocarry（18）largeenoughtoproduceacurrentthatcanrunanautomobile.Besides,ithasaverylonglife.Itisstilltooexpensiveforthe（19）consumerbutwhenwaysare（20）toproduceitmorecheaply,wecanexpectitsusetobewide-spread.

问题1选项

A.materials

B.ores

C.reserves

D.fuels

问题2选项

A.abundant

B.adequate

C.scarce

D.rare

问题3选项

A.means

B.source

C.solution

D.resource

问题4选项

A.need

B.desire

C.necessity

D.supply

问题5选项

A.moreover

B.besides

C.however

D.but

问题6选项

A.some

B.many

C.such

D.these

问题7选项

A.connects

B.operates

C.drives

D.manufactures

问题8选项

A.heated

B.burnt

C.equipped

D.built

问题9选项

A.eversince

B.nowonder

C.inall

D.sofar

问题10选项

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.it

问题11选项

A.specially

B.especially

C.essentially

D.specifically

问题12选项

A.fresh

B.healthy

C.boiled

D.cool

问题13选项

A.dissolved

B.distinguished

C.divided

D.removed

问题14选项

A.electric

B.electronic

C.power

D.heating

问题15选项

A.powerful

B.resourceful

C.efficient

D.reliable

问题16选项

A.through

B.into

C.by

D.with

问题17选项

A.how

B.that

C.because

D.which

问题18选项

A.but

B.so

C.or

D.too

问题19选项

A.tipical

B.normal

C.average

D.general

问题20选项

A.discovered

B.invented

C.disclosed

D.revealed

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:A

第13题:D

第14题:C

第15题:C

第16题:B

第17题:B

第18题:C

第19题:C

第20题:A

【解析】（1）考查名词词义辨析。从上下文可知，these指的是前面提到的coal,petroleum,gas这几种燃料，所以空格处应该也填写表示燃料的词。选项D符合题意。

（2）考查形容词词义辨析。abundant“丰富的”；adequate“充足的”；scarce“缺乏的，不足的”；rare“稀有的”。前文提到这些燃料有限，and后面的“electricpower”应该与前文燃料一样有限，所以选项C符合题意。

（3）考查名词词义辨析。语意：一些科学家认为太阳能会是唯一_____能够满足世界对能源的强烈_______。太阳能属于一种能源，所以source符合题意。means“手段，方法”；solution“解决方法”；resource“资源”，比如人力资源。选项B符合题意。

（4）考查固定搭配。Meettheneedfor满足······的需求。语意：一些科学家认为太阳能会是唯一一种能源能够满足世界对能源的强烈需求。选项A符合题意。

（5）考查固定搭配。Notonly…butalso为固定搭配，also可以省略，意识是“既······又······”。所以选项D符合题意。

（6）考查固定搭配。such…as…意思是“像······这样”。选项C符合题意。

（7）考查动词词义辨析。与telephonelines,portableradios,electricclocks搭配的动词只有operate，选项B符合题意。connect“连接”；drive“推动”；manufacture“制造”。

（8）考查动词词义辨析。heat“加热”；burn“燃烧”；equip“装备，配备”；build“建造”。根据上下文可知这里阐述的是太阳能的另一个用途：取暖。选项A符合题意。

（9）考查词组辨析。eversince“自从······以来”；nowonder“怪不得”；inall“总共，共计”；sofar“到目前为止”。将各个词组的意思代入到句子中，选项D符合题意。

（10）考查语法知识。逗号前面是一个完整的句子，所以空格所处的句子是非限制性定语从句。只有which能够引导非限制性定语从句，所以选项C符合题意。

（11）考查副词词义辨析。specially“专门地”；especially“尤其，特别”；essentially“本质上”；specifically“明确地”。空格中的副词是用来修饰important这个单词，来表示程度，“尤其重要”，选项B符合题意。

（12）考查形容词词义辨析。fresh“新鲜的；淡水的”；healthy“健康的”；boiled“煮沸的”；cool“凉爽的，冷静的”。根据后面一句Saltcaneasilybe_fromseawater,主语是salt，可知空格处是通过蒸馏来获取freshwater“淡水”，选项A符合题意。

（13）考查动词词义辨析。空格所在句的主语是salt，语意：盐通过太阳能蒸馏器能够很容易从海水中分离出来。选项D符合题意。dissolve“溶解”，一般指固体溶解在液体中；distinguish“区分”；divide“分割”；remove“移除”。

（14）考查名词词义辨析。electric“电”；electronic“电子”；power“电力；动力”；heating“暖气”。结合下文可知，太阳能蓄电池（solarcell）可以产生电能(electricenergy)，所以solarcell是一种动力设备，选项C符合题意。

（15）考查形容词词义辨析。powerful“强有力的”；resourceful“资源丰富的”；efficient“效率高的”；reliable“可靠的”。后面提到16%的电能转化率，所以空格处是说明效率高，选项C符合题意。

（16）考查动词词组固定搭配。turn······into…“将······转化为······”。选项B符合题意。

（17）考查语法知识。空格处的连接词引导一个表语从句，从句句子完整，所以填入关系代词that。选项B符合题意。

（18）考查固定搭配。either······or······“要么······要么······”。选项C符合题意。

（19）考查形容词词义辨析。typical“典型的”；normal“正常的”；average“平均的”；general“一般的，普通的”。句意：对于_____消费者来说太阳能电池还有太贵了。averagepeople“普通人”符合题意。选项C符合题意。

（20）考查动词搭配。空格处动词要能够与way搭配。discover“发现”；invent“发明”；disclose“公开”；reveal“揭露”。ways在这里是“方法”的意思，所以选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildren’scollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.

问题1选项

A.frightening

B.promising

C.freezing

D.revealing

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。chilling指令人寒心的，使人恐惧的。选项A与之意思相近，正确。

12.单选题

Iknowcold.AndallyouMinnesotapeoplemaydiscountmebecauseIamfromPhoenix,buttrustme,Iknowcold.Ihaveclimbedthehighestpeakoneachcontinent(thefamedSevenSummits)andhaveskiedtoboththeNorthandSouthPoles—afeatknownastheAdventureGrandSlam.Eachmountainandpolarexpeditionwasverydifferent—withtheexceptionofonething:thecold.

OfalltheremoteplacesIhavebeen,Antarctica—landofthefrozentundra—isperhapsmyfavorite.Italsohappenstobethecoldestplaceonearth.Thecontinentisapproximately98percenticeand2percentrock.Temperaturesinthewinterhavereached128-below.Ihavebeentheretwice;oncetoclimbtheVinsonMassifandoncetoskisix-hundredmilesfromtheedgeofthewesternAntarcticiceshelfallthewaytotheSouthPole.“Whywouldyouwanttosufferlikethat”isaquestionIgetallthetime.Andsure,therearetimeswhenyouarefeelinglikeyouwanttotakeabreakfromthefrigidconditionsandgoinsidethelodgeandgetacupofhotcocoa...butyoucan’t.ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica.There’sjustyou,your1501bsledwhichisharnessedtoyourwaist(containingallofyourgearandsupplies),yourteammates(unlessyouareonasolotrip—nothanks)andthecold.Soyoumakepeacewiththesub-zerotemperatures,becauseyou’regoingtobeinthemforthebetterpartoftwomonths.

Sothinkingbackonmyexperienceshere’swhyyoushouldbeokaywithacoupleofdaysofpolarvortex—because1)youcangoinside,and2)becauseitmakesyousmarter—oratleastsmarterthanthewarmweatherdoes.Yep.Goodnewsforthoseincitiesaffectedbythevortex:coldweathercanactuallybereallygoodforyou.Notjustbecauseyouburnmorefatwhenit’scold,butbecauseyourbrainworksbetterwhenit’scold.AccordingtoanarticlebyAdrianWardthatappearedinScientificAmerican,ittakesmoreenergytocoolyourbodywhenit’shotthanitdoestowarmitupwhenyou’recold.Theenergycomesfromglucose...whichisalsonecessaryforthebrain’smentalprocesses.Sobasically,coolingoffwhenitishotusesmoreglucosethanwarmingupwhenit’scold;thusleavinglessavailableglucoseforthebrain.Therefore,wecanassumethatcoldweatherisbetterforthebrain.Quick—everyonegotaketheMENSAtestbeforethetemperaturewarmsupagain!

1.Whatdothemountainstheauthorhasclimbedhaveincommon?

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutAntarctica?

3.WhatisnotavailableinthemiddleofAntarctica?

4.Whyiscoldweatherbetterforthebrain?

5.WecanlearnfromthetestthattheMENSAtestisakindof_____.

问题1选项

A.TheyarealllocatedintheNorthPole.

B.TheyarealllocatedintheSouthPole.

C.Theyhavethesameelevations.

D.Theyareallveryfrigid.

问题2选项

A.Thereisabout98%waterand2%ice.

B.Thetemperaturestherecanreach128degreecentigrade.

C.Itisthesecondcoldestplaceonearth.

D.ThereisamountaincalledVinsonMassif.

问题3选项

A.Skilodge.

B.Sled.

C.Supplies.

D.Camera.

问题4选项

A.Becauseyoucanburnmorefatwhenitiscold.

B.Becauseyoucangoinsideskilodgesandtakeabreakwhenitiscold.

C.Becauseyoucanleavemoreglucoseforthebrainwhenitiscold.

D.Becausetheenergyyouneedforthebraincomesfromice.

问题5选项

A.psychiatrictest

B.intelligencetest

C.personalitytest

D.admissiontest

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。定位到第一段最后一句话Eachmountainandpolarexpeditionwasverydifferent—withtheexceptionofonething:thecold.“每一个山脉和极地探险都非常不同——除了一件事：寒冷”从这里可以知道答案选D选项“他们都非常寒冷”；A选项“它们都位于北极”，定位到第一段第三句话…haveskiedtoboththeNorthandSouthPoles…“……曾经南极和北极都滑过……”，从这里可知A属于反向干扰；

B选项“它们都位于南极”，见A选项，这里属于反向干扰；

C选项“他们有相同的海拔高度”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

2.事实细节题。定位到第二段第五句话…havebeentheretwice;oncetoclimbtheVinsonMassif“……到过这两次；有一次去爬文森山”，从这里可知D选项“那有一座山叫文森山”正确；

A选项“大约98%是水，2%是冰”，定位到第二段第三句话Thecontinentisapproximately98percenticeand2percentrock.“这块大陆大约98%是冰，2%是岩石”，从这里可知A选项错误，属于反向干扰；

B选项“那里的温度可以达到128摄氏度”，定位到第二段第四句话Temperaturesinthewinterhavereached128-below.“冬天的气温已经达到零下128度”从关键词below可知B选项错误，属于反向干扰；

C选项“它是地球上第二冷的地方”，第二段第二句话Italsohappenstobethecoldestplaceonearth.“它也是地球上最冷的地方”，从这里可知C选项错误，属于反向干扰。

3.事实细节题。定位到第二段倒数第三句ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica.“南极洲中部没有滑雪旅馆”，从这里可知答案选A“滑雪旅馆”；

B选项“雪橇”，定位到第二段倒数第二句话There’sjustyou,your1501bsledwhichisharnessedtoyourwaist(containingallofyourgearandsupplies),yourteammates…andthecold.“只有你，腰间系着1501b雪橇(包括你所有的装备和补给)，你的队友，还有寒冷”，从这里可知B选项不符合题意，这里属于反向干扰；

C选项“补给”，见B选项，这里属于反向干扰；

D选项“照相机”文章没有提及属于无中生有。

4.事实细节题。定位到文章最后一段倒数第三句Sobasically,coolingoffwhenitishotusesmoreglucosethanwarmingupwhenit’scold;thusleavinglessavailableglucoseforthebrain.“所以基本上，在热的时候降温比在冷的时候升温需要更多的葡萄糖；这样就减少了大脑可用的葡萄糖”，从这里可知答案选C“因为冷的时候你可以给大脑留下更多的葡萄糖”；

A选项“因为天气冷的时候可以燃烧更多的脂肪”，定位到最后一段第四句话Notjustbecauseyouburnmorefatwhenit’scold,butbecauseyourbrainworksbetterwhenit’scold.“这不仅是因为你在冷的时候燃烧了更多的脂肪，还因为你的大脑在冷的时候工作得更好”，从这里可知这不是大脑在冷环境中运行的更好的原因，这里属于出处错误；

B选项“因为天气冷的时候你可以去滑雪小屋休息一下”，定位到第二段倒数第三句ThereisnoskilodgeinthemiddleofAntarctica“南极洲中部没有滑雪旅馆”，这不是大脑在冷环境中运行的更好的原因，这里属于出处错误；

D选项“因为你大脑所需的能量来自冰”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

5.推理判断题，寻找句内线索，定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句Therefore,wecanassumethatcoldweatherisbetterforthebrain.“因此，我们可以假设寒冷的天气对大脑更好”，这里说完冷的环境对大脑运行有利就赶紧督促别人去考MENS，就说明这考试与大脑也就是智力有关，所以答案选B“智力测试”；

A选项“心理测试”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

C选项“性格测试”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；

D选项“入学考试”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

13.单选题

Whendepartmentstoreshaveanoversupplyofgoods,theyfrequently（）pricestoencouragesales.

问题1选项

A.conceal

B.review

C.damage

D.reduce

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项conceal“隐藏；隐瞒”；B选项review“回顾；检查；复审”；C选项damage“损害，毁坏”D选项reduce“减少；降低”。句意：当百货公司的商品供过于求时，他们经常降价以促进销量。空格处动词的宾语是“价格”，根据后面的“以促进销量”可知D项符合句意。

14.写作题

Writeanessayofabout250to300wordsonthetopic“CulturalDifferenceandIntegration"accordingtotheideagivenbelowinChinese.

不同文化是各民族社会生活存在和发展的外在表现形式，其差异性表现有适应于其文化个性发展的环境、条件和进程，但是国际化的发展使得文化的融合和整合成为必然的趋势，在这一潮流中文化的融合和民族文化的传承和个性发扬似乎是矛盾的存在，谈谈你的看法和主张。

【答案】范文：

CulturalDifferenceandIntegration15.单选题

SincetheSecondWorldWar,therivalryinmilitarystrengthbetweentheworld’sgreatpowershasproduceda（）balancedpeace.

问题1选项

A.peculiarly

B.radically

C.precariously

D.rapidly

【答案】C

【解析】句意:自二战以来，世界大国间的军备竞赛产生了一种不稳定的均势和平。

考查副词辨析。peculiarly尤其，古怪地；radically根本上，彻底地；precariously危险地，不安全地，不稳定地；rapidly迅速地，很快，立即。因此C符合句意。

16.单选题

The（）pointofviewpresentsideasandfactsthatbothsupportersandopponentscanagree.

问题1选项

A.main

B.controversial

C.subjective

D.neutral

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项main“主要的，最大的”，B选项controversial“引起争论的，有争议的”，C选项subjective“主观的，个人的”，D选项neutral“中立的，中性的”，中立的观点代表了支持者和反对者都能认同的观点和事实。因此，D选项符合句意。

17.单选题

Dowomentendtodevaluetheworthoftheirwork?Dotheyapplydifferentstandardstorewardingtheirownworkmorecriticallythantheydotorewardingtheworkofothers?ThesewerethequestionsaskedbyMichiganStateUniversitypsychologistsLawrenceMesseandCharleneCallahan-Levy.Pastexperimentshadshownthatwhenwomenwereaskedtodecidehowmuchtopaythemselvesandotherpeopleforthesamejob,theypaidthemselvesless.Followinguponthisfinding,MesseandCallahan-Levydesignedexperimentstotestseveralpopularexplanationsofwhywomentendtogetlessinpaysituations.

Onetheorythepsychologiststestedwasthatwomenjudgetheirownworkmoreharshlythanthatofothers.ThesubjectsfortheexperimenttestingthistheoryweremenandwomenfromtheMichiganStateundergraduatestudentbody.Thejobthesubjectswereaskedtoperformforpaywasanopinionquestionnairerequiringanumberofshortessaysoncampus-relatedissues.Aftercompletingthequestionnaire,somesubjectsweregivensixdollarsinbillsandchangeandwereaskedtodecidepaymentforthemselves.Othersweregiventhesameamountandwereaskedtodecidepaymentforanothersubjectwhohadalsocompletedthequestionnaire.

Thepsychologistsfoundthat,asinearlierexperiments,thewomenpaidthemselveslessthanthemenpaidthemselves.Theyalsofoundthatthewomenpaidthemselveslessthantheypaidotherwomenandlessthanthemenpaidthewomen.Thedifferencesweresubstantial.Theaveragepaidtowomenbythemselveswas$2.97.Theaveragepaidtomenbythemselveswas$4.06.Theaveragepaidtowomenbyotherswas$4.37.Inspiteofthedifferences,thepsychologistsfoundthatthemenandthewomenintheexperimentevaluatedtheirownperformancesonthequestionnaireaboutequallyandbetterthantheexpectedperformancesofothers.

Onthebasisofthesefindings,MesseandCallahan-Levyconcludedthatwomen'sattachmentofacomparativelylowmonetaryvaluetotheirworkcannotbebasedentirelyontheirjudgmentoftheirownability.

1.Theexperimentdesignedinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttotheformulation(表述)ofatheoryconcerningthe________.

2.HowistheresearchofMesseandCallahan-Levyrelatedtoearlierexperimentsinthesamefield?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythefa