考研考博-英语-吉林工业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林工业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

AMessontheLadderofSuccess1.ThroughoutAmericanhistory,therehasalmostalwaysbeenatleastonecentraleconomicnarrativethatgavetheambitiousorunsatisfiedreasontopackupandseektheirfortuneelsewhere.Forthefirst300orsoyearsofEuropeansettlement,thestorywasaboutmovingoutwards:gettingimmigrantstothecontinentandthentothefrontiertocleartheprairies,drainthewetlandsandbuildnewcities.

Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theUShadamildpanicattack.2.whatwouldthisenergetic,enterprisingcountrybewithoutnewlandstoconquer?Somepeople,suchasTeddyRoosevelt,decidedtokeeponconquering(Cuba,thePhilippines,etc.),buteventually,inindustrialization,theUSfoundanewnarrativeofeconomicmobilityathome.Fromthe1890stothe1960s,peoplemovedfromfarmtocity,firstintheNorthandthenintheSouth.Infact,bythe1950s,therewasenoughprosperityandwhite-collarworkthatmanybegantomovetothesuburbs.Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson’smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.

Forthelast20yearsfromtheendofthecoldwarthroughtwoburstbubblesinasingledecade,theUShasbeencastingaboutforitsnexteconomicnarrative.Andnowitisexperiencinganotherperiodofpanic,whichisbadnewsformuchoftheworkforcebutparticularlyforitsyoungestmembers.

TheUShasalwaysbeenaremarkablemobilecountry,butnewdatafromtheCensusBureauindicatethatmobilityhasreacheditslowestlevelinrecordedhistory.Sure,somepeoplearestuckinhomesvaluedatlessthantheirmortgages,butmanyyoungpeoplewhodon’townhomesanddon'tyethavefamilies—arestayingput,too.Thissuggests,amongotherthings,thatpeoplearen’tpackingupforneweconomicopportunitiesthewaytheyusedto.Ratherthandividingthecountryintothe1percentersversuseveryoneelse,thesplitinoureconomyisreallybetweentwootherclasses:themobileandimmobile.

Partoftheproblemisthatcountry’slargestindustriesareindecline.Inthepast,itwasperfectlyclearwhereyoungpeopleshouldgoforwork(Chicagointhe1870s,Detroitinthe1910s,Houstoninthe1970s)and,moreorless,whatthey’dbedoingwhentheygotthere(killingcattle,buildingcars,sellingoil).3.Andtheseindustrieswerelargeenoughtoofferjobstoeachclassofworker,fromunskilledlaborertomanagerorengineer.Today,thefewbrightspotsinoureconomyarerelativelysmall(thoughsomepromisefuturegrowth)anddecentralized.TherearegreatjobsinSiliconValley,inthebiotechresearchcapitalsofBostonandRaleigh-Durhamandinadvancedmanufacturingplantsalongthesouthern1-85corridor.Thesecompaniesrecruitalloverthecountryandtheglobeforworkerswithspecificabilities.4.Youdon’tneedtobethenextMarkZuckerberg,founderofFacebook,togetajobinoneofthemicrohubs,bytheway.ButyouwillalmostcertainlyneedatleastaB.A.incomputerscienceorayearortwoatatechnicalschool.Thisnewer,selectjobmarketisnational,anditoffersmembersofthemobileclasscompetitivesalariesandhigherbargainingpower.

Manymembersoftheimmobileclass,ontheotherhand,liveintheAmericaofthegloomyheadlines.Ifyouhavenospecializedskills,there'slittlereasontouproottoanotherstateandbethelastinlineforalow-payingjobatanewautoplantoragreen-energystartup.Thesurpriseinthecensusdata,however,isthattheimmobileworkforceisnotlimitedtounskilledworkers.Infact,manyhaveacollegedegree.

Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkswithoutabachelor’sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.5.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-famousschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow.Tocompeteforjobsonanationallevel,theyshouldbearmedwiththeskillsthatemergingindustriesneed,whethertechnicalornot.

【答案】1.纵观美国历史，几乎总是至少会有一个经济中心的故事，让雄心勃勃或不满足的人有理由收拾行囊，到别处去寻找机遇。在欧洲人定居的前300年左右，这种故事是关于人口向外迁移的：让移民先到大陆，然后再到边疆开辟草原，排干湿地，并建造新的城市。

2.如果没有新的土地可以征服，这个精力充沛、富有进取精神的国家将会怎样？有些人，比如泰迪•罗斯福，决定继续征服(古巴、菲律宾等地)，但最终，在工业化的进程中，美国在国内发现了一个新的关于经济流动的故事。

3.而且这些行业的规模足够大，可以为各个阶层的工人提供工作，从非技术工人到经理或工程师。但是今天，我们经济中为数不多的亮点相对较小(尽管一些亮点未来可能会增长)，而且是分散管理的。

4.顺便说一下，你不需要成为下一个Facebook的创始人马克•扎克伯格(MarkZuckerberg)，也能在微软中心找到一份工作。但几乎可以肯定的是，你至少需要计算机科学学士学位或在技术学校待过一两年。这个新兴的择业市场是全国性的，它为流动阶层的成员提供了有竞争力的薪资和更高的议价权力。

5.他称，尽管那些顶尖大学的毕业生不论他们学的专业是什么，都有可能找到一份好工作，但那些不知名学校的毕业生将会根据他们所学的知识来接受评判。为了在全国范围内竞争工作岗位，他们应该具备新兴产业所需要的技能，无论是技术性的还是非技术性的。

2.不定项选择题

Thefirstthingtonoticeisthatthemediawe’reallfamiliarwith—frombookstotelevision—areone-waypropositions:theypushtheircontentatus.TheWebistwo-way,pushandpull.Infinerpoint,itcombinestheone-wayreachofbroadcastwiththetwo-wayreciprocityofamid-cast.Indeed,itsusercanatoncebeareceiverandsenderofbroadcast—aconfusingproperty,butmind-stretching!

AsecondaspectoftheWebisthatitisthefirstmediumthathonorsthenotionofmultipleintelligences.Thispastcentury’sconceptofliteracygrewoutofourintensebeliefintext,afocusenhancedbythepowerofoneparticulartechnology—thetypewriter.Itbecameagreattoolforwritersbutaterribleoneforothercreativeactivitiessuchassketching,painting,notatingmusic,orevenmathematics.Thetypewriterprizedoneparticularkindofintelligence,butwiththeWeb,wesuddenlyhaveamediumthathonorsmultipleformsofintelligence—abstract,textual,visual,musical,social,andkinesthetic.Aseducators,wenowhaveachancetoconstructamediumthatenablesallyoungpeopletobecomeengagedintheiridealwayoflearning.TheWebaffordsthematchweneedbetweenamediumandhowaparticularpersonlearns.

AthirdandunusualaspectoftheWebisthatitleveragesthesmalleffortsofthemanywiththelargeeffortsofthefew.Forexample,researchersintheMaricopaCountyCommunityCollegesysteminPhoenixhavefoundawaytolinkasetofseniorcitizenswithpupilsintheLongviewElementarySchool,ashelper-mentors.It’swonderfultoseekidslistentothesegrandparentsbetterthantheydototheirownparents,thementoringreallyhelpstheirteachers,andtheseniorscreateasenseofmeaningforthemselves.Thus,thesmalleffortsoftheman—theseniors—complementthelargeeffortsofthefew—theteachers.ThesamethingcanbefoundinoperationatHewlett-Packard,whereengineersusetheWebtohelpkidswithscienceormathproblems.Bothoftheseexamplesbarelyscratchthesurfaceaswethinkaboutwhat’spossiblewhenwestartinterlacingresourceswithneedsacrossawholeregion.

1.Whatdoesthewordmind-stretchingimply?

A.Obtainingone’smentalpower.

B.Strengtheningone’spowerofthought.

C.Makinggreatdemandsonone’smentalpower.

D.Exertingone’smentalpowerasfaraspossible.

2.Whatisaterribletoolforactivitiessuchassketchingandpainting?

A.Technology.

B.Typewriter.

C.Text.

D.Theweb.

3.Whichgroupofpeoplemakesomeeffortstohelppupilsinelementaryschools?

A.Teachers.

B.Researchers.

C.Grandparents.

D.Seniorcitizens.

4.Thesentencetheseniorscreateasenseofmeaningforthemselvesmeanstheseniors（）.

A.acquireanewmeaningoftheirlives

B.understandthemeaningoftheweb

C.createawebsiteforthemselves

D.addanewmeaningtotheweb

5.Theexpression“scratchthesurface”mostprobablymeans（）.

A.thinkhardinapuzzledway

B.dealwithaproblemthoroughly

C.treatasubjectwithoutbeingthorough

D.workoutasolutionforaproblemeasily

问题1选项

A.Obtainingone’smentalpower.

B.Strengtheningone’spowerofthought.

C.Makinggreatdemandsonone’smentalpower.

D.Exertingone’smentalpowerasfaraspossible.

问题2选项

A.Technology.

B.Typewriter.

C.Text.

D.Theweb.

问题3选项

A.Teachers.

B.Researchers.

C.Grandparents.

D.Seniorcitizens.

问题4选项

A.acquireanewmeaningoftheirlives

B.understandthemeaningoftheweb

C.createawebsiteforthemselves

D.addanewmeaningtotheweb

问题5选项

A.thinkhardinapuzzledway

B.dealwithaproblemthoroughly

C.treatasubjectwithoutbeingthorough

D.workoutasolutionforaproblemeasily

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“mind-stretching”可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Indeed,itsusercanatoncebeareceiverandsenderofbroadcast—aconfusingproperty,butmind-stretching!（事实上，它的使用者可以同时成为广播的接收者和发送者——这是一个令人困惑的特性，但也是精神的伸展！），说明“mind-stretching”在文中是指“在使用网络时需要投入更多的精神力”的意思。因此C选项“对一个人的精神力量有很大的要求”正确。A选项“获得一个人的精神力量”，B选项“加强一个人的思想能力”，D选项“尽可能地发挥一个人的精神力量”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第二、三句Thispastcentury’sconceptofliteracygrewoutofourintensebeliefintext,afocusenhancedbythepowerofoneparticulartechnology—thetypewriter.Itbecameagreattoolforwritersbutaterribleoneforothercreativeactivitiessuchassketching,painting,notatingmusic,orevenmathematics.（上个世纪读写的概念源于我们对文字的强烈信仰，这种信仰因一种特殊技术——打字机的力量而得到加强。打字机成为作家的伟大工具，但对于其他创造性活动，如素描、绘画、音乐记录，甚至数学，却是一个糟糕的工具。），说明对于素描和绘画等活动来说，打字机是一个糟糕的工具。因此B选项“打字机”正确。A选项“技术”，C选项“文本”，D选项“网络”均不符合原文内容，所以A，C，D错误。

3.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Forexample,researchersintheMaricopaCountyCommunityCollegesysteminPhoenixhavefoundawaytolinkasetofseniorcitizenswithpupilsintheLongviewElementarySchool,ashelper-mentors.（例如，凤凰城马里科帕县社区学院系统的研究人员找到了一种方法，将一组老年人与朗维尤小学的学生联系起来，作为帮助-指导者。），说明帮助小学生的是老年人群。因此D选项“老年人”正确。A选项“教师”，B选项“研究人员”，C选项“祖父母”均不符合原文内容，所以A，B，C错误。

4.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句It’swonderfultoseekidslistentothesegrandparentsbetterthantheydototheirownparents,thementoringreallyhelpstheirteachers,andtheseniorscreateasenseofmeaningforthemselves.（看到孩子们比起父母更听祖父母的话，这种指导真的有助于他们的老师，而且老年人为自己创造了一种意义，这真是太好了。），说明老年人为自己的生活创造了新的意义。因此A选项“获得他们生活的新意义”正确。B选项“了解网络的意义”，C选项“为自己创建一个网站”，D选项“为网络增加新的意义”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

5.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。由题干关键词“scratchthesurface”可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Bothoftheseexamplesbarelyscratchthesurfaceaswethinkaboutwhat’spossiblewhenwestartinterlacingresourceswithneedsacrossawholeregion.（当我们开始考虑将资源与整个地区的需求相结合时，这两个例子都只是皮毛。），说明“scratchthesurface”在文中是指“只触及到问题的表面，没有深入”的意思。因此C选项“对待一个问题不彻底”正确。A选项“以一种疑惑的方式努力思考”，B选项“彻底处理一个问题”，D选项“轻松找到解决问题的办法”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。

3.单选题

Manyrapecrisisandbatteredwomen’sprogramsalsohaveeducationalcomponentsfocusingonyouth.However,mostoftheseapproachesdependuponindividualclasspresentationswithoutensuringotheraspectsofnecessary（

）support,includingthoroughstafftraining,supportiveservicesformaleandfemalevictims,andrehabilitativeanddisciplinaryprogramsforabusers.

问题1选项

A.stylized

B.dogmatized

C.formalized

D.institutionalized

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项stylized“非写实的；程式化的”；B选项dogmatized“武断的”；C选项formalized“形式化的；正式的”；D选项institutionalized“约定俗成的；使成惯例的”句意：许多强奸危机和受虐妇女项目也有针对青年的教育内容。然而，这些方法大多依赖于个别的课堂报告，而没有确保其他方面的必要的……的支持，包括彻底的工作人员培训、对男女受害者的支持服务、对施虐者的康复和纪律方案。由句意判断可知缺少制度化的支持，D选项符合题意。

4.单选题

1.Twelvemonthsago,LululemonAthleticawasoneofthehottestbrandsintheworld.Salesofitshigh-pricedyogagearwereexploding;thecompanywasexpandingintonewmarkets;expertswereinaweofits“cult-likefollowing.”Asoneobserverputit,“They’remorethanapparel.They’realifestyle.”Butthencustomersstartedcomplainingaboutpillingfabrics,bleedingdyesand,mostmemorably,yogapantssothinthattheyeffectivelybecametransparentwhenyoubentover.Lululemon'sfoundermadethingsworsebysuggestingthatsomewomenweretoofattowearthecompany’sclothes.AndthatwastheendofLululemon’scharmedexistence:thefoundersteppeddownfromhismanagementrole,and,afewweeksago,thecompanysaidthatithadseensales“deceleratemeaningfully.”

2.It’satruismofbusinessschoolthinkingthatacompany'sbrandisits“mostimportantasset,”morevaluablethantechnologyorpatentsormanufacturingprowess.Butbrandshaveneverbeenmorefragile.Thereasonissimple:consumersaresupremelywellinformedandfarmorelikelytoinvestigatetherealvalueofproductsthantorelyonlogos.AbsoluteValue,anewbookbyItamarSimonson,amarketingprofessoratStanford,andEmanuelRosen,aformersoftwareexecutive,showsthat,historically,theriseofbrandswasaresponsetoaninformation-poorenvironment.Whenconsumershadtorelyonadvertisementsandtheirpastexperiencewithacompany,brandsservedasproxiesforquality;ifacarwasmadebyGeneralMotors,oraketchupbyHeinz,peopleassumedthatitwasprettygood.Itwashardtofigureoutifanewproductfromanunfamiliarcompanywasreliableornot,sobrandloyaltywasawayofreducingrisk.Asrecentlyasthe1980s,nearlyfour-fifthsofAmericancarbuyersstayedloyaltoabrand.

3.Todayconsumerscanreadreamsofresearchaboutwhatevertheywanttobuy.This

startedbackwithConsumerReports,whichpublishedobjectivestudiesofproducts,andwithJDPower'squalityrankings,whichrevealedwhatordinarycustomersthoughtofthecarstheyhadbought.Butwhathasreallyweakenedthepowerofbrandsistheinternet,whichhasgivenordinaryconsumerseasyaccesstoexpertreviews,userreviewsanddetailedproductdata,inanarrayofcategories.ArecentPricewaterhouseCoopersstudyfoundthat80percentofconsumerslookatonlinereviewsbeforemakingmajorpurchases,andahostofstudieshaveloggedthestronginfluencethosereviewshaveonthedecisionspeoplemake.Theriseofsocialmediahasacceleratedthetrendtoanastonishingdegree:adudproductcanbecomealaughingstockinamatterofhours.IntheolddaysyoumightbuyaSonytelevisionsetbecauseyouhadownedonebefore,orbecauseyoutrustedthebrand.TodaysuchconsiderationsmattermuchlessthanreviewsonAmazonandEngadgetandCNET.AsSimonsontoldme,“eachproductnowhastoproveitselfonitsown.”

4.Ithasbeenarguedthatthewelterofinformationwillactuallymakebrandsmorevaluable.AstheinfluentialconsultancyInterbrandputsit,“Inaworldwhereconsumersareoftenoverwhelmedwithinformation,theroleabrandplaysinpeople’sliveshasbecomeallthemoreimportant.”Butinformationoverloadislargelyamyth.“Mostconsumerslearnveryquicklyhowtogetagreatdealofinformationefficientlyandeffectively,”Simonsonsays."Mostofusfigureouthowtofindwhatwe’relookingforwithoutspendinghugeamountsoftimeonline."Andthishasmadecustomerloyaltyprettymuchathingofthepast.Only25percentofAmericanrespondentsinarecentErnst&Youngstudysaidthatbrandloyaltyaffectedhowtheyshopped.

5.Forestablishedbrandsthisisanightmare.Youcannevercoastonpastperformance—thepercentageofbrand-loyalcarbuyershasplummetedinthepasttwentyyears—andthepricepremiumthatarecognizedbrandcanchargehasshrunk.Ifyouaremakingabetterproduct,youcanstillchargemore,but,ifyourproductismuchlikethatofyourcompetitors,yourpriceneedstobesimilartoo.Thatistheclearestindicationthattheeconomicvalueofbrands—traditionallyassessedbythepremiumacompanycouldcharge—iswaning.Thisisn’ttrueacrosstheboard:brandsretainvaluewherethebrandassociationisintegraltotheexperienceofaproduct(Coca-Cola,say),orwheretheyconferstatus,aswithluxurygoods.Butevenheretheinformationdelugeistransformative;luxurytravel,forinstance,hasbeenprofoundlyaffectedbywebsiteslikeTripAdvisor.

6.Forconsumersthisisideal:theyaremakingbetterchoices,andheightenedcompetitionhasraisedqualityandhelddownprices.Andtheyarenottheonlybeneficiaries;upstartsnowfinditeasiertocompetewiththebigboys.Ifyoubuildabettermousetrap,peoplewillsoonknowaboutit.Adecadeago,personal-computercompanieslikeAsusandAcerhadalmostnobrandidentityoutsideTaiwan.Nowtheyaremajorplayers.Roku,amakerofstreamingentertainmentdevices,hasthrivedeventhoughitsproductshavetocompetewithsimilaronesmadebyApple(whichisusuallycitedastheworld'smostvaluablebrand).AndtheKoreancarmakerHyundaihasgonefrombeingajoketosellingfourmillioncarsayear.Formuchofthe20thcentury,consumermarketswerestable.Todaytheyaretumultuous,andyouareonlyasgoodasyourlastproduct.ForbrandslikeLululemonthereisonlyoneconsolation:makesomethingreallygreatandyourpastsinswillbeforgotten.

1.AccordingtotextA,whichwaspublishedrecently,withinthepastyearLululemonAthletica（

）.

2.Thebestoppositeoftheverbtodecelerate(usedinparagraph1)isto（

）.

3.Acompany'sbrandisits“mostimportantasset”'(paragraph2).TextA（

）.

4.Americanconsumersusedtobeloyaltobrands（

）.

5.Inparagraph3,socialmediaarementioned（

）.

6.BasedontheevidencepresentedintextA,（

）

7.Tojudgefromwhathewrites,theauthoroftextA（

）.

8.TheauthorcitesHyundaiasanexampleofafirmthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.hasemergedasanewreligiousgroup.

B.hassuccessfullypersuadedoverweightwomentoavoidwearingyogapants,

C.bothoftheabove.

D.neitheroftheabove.

问题2选项

A.bumup.

B.speedup.

C.growup.

D.riseup.

问题3选项

A.offersabundantsupportforthisview.

B.showsthatthestatementwaseventruerinthepastthanitisinthe21stcentury

C.showsthatthisviewhasalwaysbeenfalse.

D.suggeststhatthisviewisincreasinglyoutofdate.

问题4选项

A.becausetheyeitherweretoobusyorlackedtheeducationtoseekreliableinformationonproductquality

B.becauseoftheimpactofadvertising,whichineffectprogrammedconsumerstorespondtothecalculatedappealofcertainbrands

C.thatexperiencehadtaughtthemtotrustinordertoreducethelikelihoodofmakingcostlymistakes

D.thattheyhadlearnedtorecognizeovertheyearsbyreadingConsumerReportsorsimilarpublications

问题5选项

A.asamajorfactorintheInternet'serosionofwhatremainsofbrandloyalty.

B.asanexampleofhowconsumersgainaccesstoexpertopiniononproductquality.

C.toshowthatbrandloyaltyisgrowingastheinternethelpspeopletoavoidundesirableproductsassociatedwithquestionablebrands.

D.asanexampleofwhatadvertiserscandotostrengthentheappealofabrand.

问题6选项

A.onecansafelypredictthatbrandswillsoonceasetobeafeatureofmarketing.

B.itisclearthatexpertsallagreeonhowthenewabundanceofproductinformationwillaffectconsumerchoices.

C.thereappearstobecontinuingdisagreementoverthefuturevalueofbrandsasamarketingtool.

D.itseemsthatprofessionalmarketanalystssharetheviewthatbrandloyaltywillreemergefollowingtheongoingtumult,whichistheresultofrapidtechnologicalchange.

问题7选项

A.suggeststhattheriseoftheinternet,andaboveallofsocialmedia,doombrand-basedcommerce.

B.feelsthatconsumersarebeingwellservedbythevastincreaseinaccesstoproductinformationonline.

C.believesthatthetrendsheoutlineswillmakeiteasierforbigcompaniestocontinuetodominateconsumermarkets.

D.thinksthatcompanieswillbeabletousetheinternettodesignproductsthatreflectconsumerpreferencesmoreeffectively.

问题8选项

A.oncehadapoorreputationbutisnowsuccessfulinitsindustry.

B.hassolveditsearlierimageproblembysellingmillionsofautomobiles.

C.offersevidenceofthegreatstabilityofconsumermarketsinthe20thcentury

D.showshowimportanthumorisinmarketingproductstotoday’sconsumers.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:112个月前，露露柠檬公司还是世界上炙手可热的品牌之一。它的昂贵的瑜咖装备的销量激增,但是之后消费者们开始抱怨容易起球的布料，会褪色的染料，以及最显著的瑜伽裤子实在太薄了，以至于当你弯腰时裤子实际上就变得透明。露露柠檬公司的创始人的言论使得情况雪上加霜，他暗指一些女性是因为太胖，才穿不下公司的衣服。由此推测D项正确。

2.词义题。第一段最后一句中的“deceleratemeaningfully.”最可能指代“公司的销售减速”，由此它的反义词是“加速”。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“Butbrandshaveneverbeenmorefragile.但是品牌从未像如今这般脆弱不堪”及第三句“Thereasonissimple:consumersaresupremelywellinformedandfarmorelikelytoinvestigatetherealvalueofproductsthantorelyonlogos.理由很简单：现在的消费者消息非常灵通，与其依赖品牌形象，更愿意去调查产品的真实价值”知D项“暗示这种观念正在渐渐过时"正确。

4.细节事实题。第二段:Whenconsumershadtorelyonadvertisementsandtheirpastexperiencewithacompany,brandsservedasproxiesforquality(当消费者不得不依赖广告以及他们在该公司的购物体验时，品牌起到了产品质量代言人的作用),以及后面指出:...sobrandloyaltywasawayofreducingrisk.所以品牌忠诚度是一个降低风险的方式,由此可知知C项“经验教会他们信任品牌，以减少犯代价昂贵的错误的可能性”正确。

5.细节事实题。第三段指出:Butwhathasreallyweakenedthepowerofbrandsistheinternet,whichhasgivenordinaryconsumerseasyaccesstoexpertreviews,userreviewsanddetailedproductdata,inanarrayofcategories(然而真正削弱了品牌力量的是互联网，网络使得普通消费者也可以很容易地获取分门别类的专业评价、用户评价，以及详细的产品数据),以及后面:Theriseofsocialmediahasacceleratedthetrendtoanastonishingdegree:...(社交媒体的出现己在一个令人惊讶的程度上假设了这种趋势（即削弱了品牌力量的趋势)，由此可知A项“已成为互联网削弱品牌忠诚度的一个主要因素”正确。

6.推理判断题。根据第四段第六句“Andthishasmadecustomerloyaltyprettymuchathingofthepast.这导致消费者忠诚度的讲法成为过去”及第五段中“Thisisn'ttrueacrosstheboard:brandsretainvaluewherethebrandassociationisintegraltotheexperienceofaproduct（Coca-Cola,say）,这并非一概而论：品牌保留价值，因为品牌联想是产品体验不可或缺的一部分(如可口可乐)”知C项“在品牌作为营销工具的未来价值上貌似存在持续的争议”正确。

7.推理判断题。由第五段中“Thisisn’ttrueacrosstheboard:brandsretainvaluewherethebrandassociationisintegraltotheexperienceofaproduct（Coca-Cola,say）这并非一概而论：品牌保留价值，因为品牌联想是产品体验不可或缺的一部分(如可口可乐)”知A项“暗示互联网的出现，尤其是社交媒体的出现使基于品牌的商业失败”的说法过于绝对；第五段:Forestablishedbrandsthisisanightmare.Youcannevercoastonpastperformance...(对已确定的品牌而言，这是一个噩梦，你决不能不费力气或没有麻烦地依靠你之前的功绩),由此可知C项“认为他例举的趋势将让大企业更容易继续去支配消费者市场”不正确。D项“认为企业将能利用互联网去设计更能有效地反应消费者喜好的产品”在文中没有提及。第六段:Forconsumersthisisideal:theyaremakingbetterchoices,andheightenedcompetitionhasraisedqualityandhelddownprices(对消费者而言，他们在在做更好的选择，提高的竞争提升了产品的质量且也降低了产品价格)。可知B“认为消费者通过大量获取互联网上的产品信息而正受到得到更好的服务”正确。

8.推理判断题。根据第六段中“AndtheKoreancarmakerHyundaihasgonefrombeingajoketosellingfourmillioncarsayear.而且，韩国汽车生产者现代集团己从一个笑话变成一个每年销售四百万汽车的企业”知A项“曾经声誉不好，但现在在它的行业却获得了成功”正确。

5.单选题

WhichoftheitalicizedpartsindicatedCONTRAST?

问题1选项

A.Sheopenedthedoorandquietlywentin.

B.VictorialikesmusicSamisfondofsports.

C.Thinkitoveragainyou’llgetananswer.

D.Heissomewhatarrogant,Idon’tlikethis.

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词用法。题干：哪个斜体部分表示对比？

A选项表示并列；B选项表示对比；C选项表示递进；D选项表示转折。

6.单选题

______elephantsaredifferentfromwildelephantsinmanyaspects,includingtheirtempers.

问题1选项

A.Cultivated

B.Regulated

C.Civil

D.Tame

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Cultivated用于耕作的；有教养的B.Regulated调节的

C.Civil国民的；平民的D.Tame养驯的，驯服的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】按照句意“______的大象和野象在很多方面都不一样，包括它们的脾气”可知，野象脾气不稳定，而驯服的大象会更温顺，所以空格处表示“驯服的”符合句意，该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】驯象和野象在很多方面都不一样，包括它们的脾气。

7.单选题

Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunication（）theadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.

问题1选项

A.inwhich

B.inthisway

C.inthat

D.inorderthat

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。空格后面是一个完整的句子，不缺任何主要成分。inwhich引导定语从句，可以排除；inthisway“以······的方式”，不符合题意。inthat在句中引导原因状语从句，符合句意：广告与其他的交流方式不同，因为广告人需要为要发表的信息付费。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Inplanningforthehealthneedsoftheseimmigrantfamilies,FrancescaWeissman,ahealthcarepractitioner,askedtwoquestions:(1)“Whatarethemosturgentneedsofthispopulation?”and(2)“Howcanthispopulationbeinducedtousethehealthservicesthatareavailable?”Insomerespects,thesecondquestionismoreimportantbecausepersuadingimmigrantfamiliestoutilizeservicesisabasicproblem.

Buildingtrustisaprimarygoal.Employingcaregiverswhocanspeaktheclients’languagewilldomuchtolowerethnicbarriersandreducesuspiciononthepartofthepotentialclients.Manytraditionalfamiliesareslowtodeveloppersonalrelationships,andthisholdstrueintheinteractionswithcaregivers.Unlessthefamiliescancommunicatewithcaregivers,theycannotbegintotrustthem.Withouttrust,theyarenotlikelytoseekorevenacceptassistance.

Communicationisatwo-waychannel.Caregivers,Francescarealized,haveanobligationtobecomeacquaintedwiththecultureofthegrowingethnicpopulations,andoftheirdiversesubgroups.Bybecominginformedandbyconveyingrespect,caregiverscanmakeinteractionswithimmigrantfamilieslessfrighteningandmoreproductive.Awarenessoftheeconomicclimateandotherconditionsintheplaceoforiginhelpscaregiversrecognizethatthesuspiciousnessofimmigrantfamiliestowardsofficials.

Afamilyapproachtohealthcareisrecommendedforimmigrantgroups.Ifthewholefamilycanbeinvolvedinthehealthcareprogram,theindividualmembersarelikelytobelessfearful.Family-orientedprogramsmaybeginwithpracticaladviceabouttheneighborhood:locationsofgrocerystores,wheretoapplyforfoodstamps,andhowtolookforwork.Anyprogramsdevelopedforimmigrantfamiliesmustbeofferedatconvenienttimesandplacesbecausetheymaynothavetheknowledgeorresourcestotravelfreelyintheirnewcommunity.

1.Thepassagebeginsbyimplyingthatimmigrantfamiliesmaynot（

）.

2.Itisdifficulttobuildtrustbetweenimmigrantclientsandcaregiversbecause（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

4.Whichofthefollowingisimportantwhenthefamilyapproachisadopted?

5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyfocusonintermsofservicestoimmigrantfamilies?

问题1选项

A.beawareoftheirownhealthneeds

B.bewillingtousetheavailableservices

C.beentitledtothebasichealthcareservices

D.beabletoaffordservicesotherthanthemostbasic

问题2选项

A.caregivershavelittleoverseasworkingexperience

B.caregiversmaynotspeaktheclients’nativelanguage

C.caregivershaveastrongsenseofculturalsuperiority

D.caregiversareaversetotheclients’ethnicbackground

问题3选项

A.Understandingdifferentculturesisnecessaryinofferinggoodservices.

B.Lackofinformationandrespectisacommonproblemamongcaregivers.

C.Ethnicpopulationsaregainingsignificantinfluenceinthehealthcaresystem.

D.Itisunr