从“防范”到“遏制”：被安全化的美国半导体产业政策研究报告-复旦智库

202/r/n2/r/n/r/nNO.6/r/n(/r/n总第56期)/r/n复旦发展研究/r/n院/r/n复旦/r/n大/r/n学网络空间国际治理研究基地/r/n复旦/r/n大/r/n学国家发展与智能治理综合实验室/r/n从/r/n“防范”到“遏制”：/r/n被/r/n安全化的美国半导体产业政策研究报告/r/n网络空间国际治理研究基地/r/n旦大学国家发展与智能治理综合实验室/r/n沈/r/n/r/n逸/r/n莫/r/n/r/n/r/n非/r/n/r/n旦大学网络空间国际治理研究基地主任/r/n复/r/n旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院博士研究生/r/n复/r/n旦大学网络空间国际治理研究基地科研助理/r/n/r/n研究》(/r/n17/r/nZDA/r/n106/r/n)的阶段性成果/r/n复/r/n旦大学发展研究院副研究员、/r/n/r/n复旦大学网络空间国际治理研究/r/n基地主任助理/r/n姚/r/n/r/n旭/r/n学发展研究院青年副研究员/r/n复/r/n旦大学网络空间国际治理研究基地助理研究员/r/n复/r/n旦大学网络空间国际治理研究基地特邀研究员/r/n复旦大学发/r/n展研究院在职博士后、上海开放大学助理研究员/r/n复/r/n旦大学网络空间国际治理研究基地办公室主任/r/n复旦大/r/n学国际关系与公共事务学院本科生教学秘书/r/n学院博士研究生/r/n复/r/n旦大学网络空间国际治理研究基地技术主管/r/n复/r/n旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院博士研究生/r/n复/r/n旦大学网络空间国际治理研究基地科研助理/r/n宫/r/n云牧/r/n复/r/n旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院博士研究生/r/n2/r/n复/r/n旦大学网络空间国际治理研究基地科研助理/r/n复/r/n旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院博士研究生/r/n复/r/n旦大学网络空间国际治理研究基地科研助理/r/n复/r/n旦大学网络空间国际治理研究基地科研助理/r/n/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n/r/n(/r/n一)警惕阶段：重点打压中国军事技术的发展/r/n /r/n6/r/n/r/n(/r/n二)防范阶段：着手打压中国电信技术的推广/r/n /r/n8/r/n/r/n(三)遏制阶段：全面打压中国先进技术的超越/r/n /r/n10/r/n/r/n /r/n/r/n(一)/r/n/r/n中/r/n美/r/n战略竞争加速了美国对半导体产业的/r/n“/r/n安全化/r/n”/r/n/r/n /r/n16/r/n/r/n(二)/r/n/r/n中/r/n美战略竞争被/r/n“/r/n简单化/r/n”/r/n，美国将半导体产业塑造为对华战略竞争的/r/n/r/n抓手/r/n /r/n20/r/n/r/n(三)/r/n/r/n先进/r/n半/r/n导体被/r/n“/r/n符号化/r/n”/r/n，成为美国释放对华安全焦虑的出口/r/n /r/n26/r/n/r/n /r/n/r/n(/r/n一/r/n)拜登政府的半导体战略违背全球半导体产业的发展规律，且美国国内/r/n/r/n缺乏充分的半导体/r/n制造业基础的支撑/r/n /r/n29/r/n/r/n(二)/r/n/r/n美/r/n国/r/n在半导体联盟中的影响力，不足以促使盟伴在/r/n“/r/n美国优先/r/n”/r/n的前提/r/n/r/n下，以/r/n“/r/n自掏腰包/r/n”/r/n的方式追随拜登政府的半导体战略/r/n /r/n31/r/n/r/n(三)/r/n/r/n拜/r/n登政府对华半导体制造能力/r/n“/r/n过度封锁/r/n”/r/n的倾向，不符合盟友及设备/r/n/r/n供应商的利益/r/n /r/n3/r/n3/r/n/r/n /r/n1/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n代化之外，美国开始/r/n逐步防范中国科技企业所谓的“网络间谍”与“网络攻击”/r/n/r/n/r/n战略竞争的框架下，进一步明确将“美国对华的科技优势”纳入了“国家安/r/n全/r/n”/r/n/r/n/r/n先/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n动政府更好的完成美国自身特/r/n定战略资源的整合和完善。由此，“半导体产业”/r/n/r/n战略竞争的抓手。/r/n眼下，拜登/r/n政府的半导体战略呈现出“弱他”与“自强”并重的“两面性”/r/n/r/n/r/n2/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n特/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n今天的/r/n美/r/n国已经不具备三十年前的曾经拥有过的压倒性的国家实力与战略/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n芯/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n带来的客观后果。/r/n3/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n终难以实质性的达成美国预设的宏大战略目标。/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n2/r/n./r/n/r/n中美战略竞争带来的霸权地位失落诱发的国家安全焦虑加剧了美国在认/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n重要的判定依据和标准。/r/n/r/n4/r/n/r/n/r/n加“简单化”的认定/r/n只要通过一系列政策就能在较短时间内以较低成本“成功”/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n5/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n也越发负面，从“防范”转变为“脱钩”。/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n境。/r/n制的焦点领域。/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n6/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n(一)/r/n/r/n警惕阶段：/r/n/r/n重点打压中国军事技术的发展/r/n/r/nza/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n布什政府的国家/r/n情报总监(/r/nDirector/r/n/r/nof/r/n/r/nNational/r/n/r/nIntelligence/r/n)/r/n/r/n约翰/r/n/r/n·/r/n/r/n内格罗蓬特/r/n/r/n 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/r/n(/r/nFY/r/n2019/r/n/r/nNDAA/r/n)的第/r/n/r/n889/r/n/r/n条，则进一步禁止所有的美国联邦行政机构系统采/r/nnts/r/naddition/r/nof/r/nentities/r/nto/r/nthe/r/nentity/r/nlist/r/nhttps/r/nwww/r/nfederalregister/r/ngov/r/ndocuments/r/n21/2019-/r/n/r/n17921/addition-of-certain-entities-to-the-entity-lis/r/n/r/nt/r/nand/r/nrevision-of-entries-on-the-entity-list/r/n33/r/n/r/nU/r/n./r/nS/r/n./r/n/r/nDepartment/r/n/r/nof/r/n/r/nCommerc/r/n,/r/n/r/n“/r/nCommerce/r/n/r/nAddresses/r/n/r/nHuawei/r/n’/r/ns/r/n/r/nEfforts/r/n/r/nto/r/n/r/nUndermine/r/n/r/nEntity/r/n/r/nList/r/n,/r/n/r/nRestri/r/n/r/ncts/r/n/r/nProducts/r/n/r/nDesigned/r/n/r/nand/r/n/r/nProduced/r/n/r/n/r/nwith/r/n/r/nU/r/n./r/nS/r/n./r/n/r/nTechnologies/r/n,”/r/n/r/nhttps/r/n://2017-2021./r/ncommerce/r/n./r/ngov/r/n//r/nnews/r/n//r/npress/r/n-/r/nr/r/n/r/neleases/r/n/commerce-addresses-huaweis-efforts-undermine-entity-list-restricts.html/r/n34/r/n/r/nU/r/n./r/nS/r/n./r/n/r/nDepartment/r/n/r/nof/r/n/r/nCommerc/r/n,/r/n/r/n“/r/nCommerce/r/n/r/nDepartment/r/n/r/nFurther/r/n/r/nRestricts/r/n/r/nHuawei/r/n/r/nAccess/r/n/r/nto/r/n/r/nU/r/n./r/nS./r/n/r/nTechno/r/n/r/nlogy/r/nand/r/n/r/nAdds/r/n/r/nAnother/r/n/r/n38/r/n/r/nAffiliates/r/n/r/nto/r/n/r/nthe/r/n/r/nEntity/r/n/r/nList,”/r/n/r/nhttps://2017-2021./news/press-release/r/n/r/ns/r/n08/commerce-department-further-restricts-huawei-access-us-technology-and.html/r/n35/r/n/r/nhttps/r/n:///r/nwww/r/n./r/nfederalregister/r/n./r/ngov/r/n//r/ndocuments/r/n/2020/12/22//r/n2020-28031//r/naddition/r/n-/r/nof/r/n-/r/nentities/r/n-/r/nto/r/n-/r/nthe/r/n-/r/nentity/r/n-/r/nlist/r/n-/r/nrevisi/r/n/r/non/r/nof/r/nentry/r/non/r/nthe/r/nentity/r/nlist/r/nand-removal-of-entities/r/n36/r/n/r/nhttps/r/n:///r/nwww/r/n./r/ncongress/r/n./r/ngov/r/n//r/nbill/r/n/115/r/nth/r/n-/r/ncongress/housebill/2810?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22FY2018+N/r/n/r/nDAA/r/nC/r/n22FY2018%22%2C%22NDAA%22%5D%7D&s=1&r=1/r/n/r/n/r/n委员/r/n会/r/n(/r/nCFIUS/r/n)的管辖权限，要求对中美之间涉及关键技术、关键基础设施、/r/n/r/n/r/n委员会以数据安全/r/n/r/n为由，阻止蚂蚁金服/r/n/r/n收购/r/n/r/n美/r/n/r/n国/r/n/r/n金/r/n/r/n融科技/r/n/r/n公/r/n/r/n司速汇/r/n/r/n金/r/n/r/n /r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n普专门/r/n发布了两道行政命令，/r/n/r/n也是以国家安全为由，/r/n/r/n禁止美国公司或个人与/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n中/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n37/r/n/r/nhttps/r/n:///r/nwww/r/n./r/ncongress/r/n./r/ngov/r/n//r/nbill/r/n/115/r/nth/r/n-/r/ncongress/r/n//r/nhouse/r/n-/r/nbill/r/n/5515?/r/nq/r/n=%7/r/nB/r/n%22/r/nsearch/r/n%22%3/r/nA/r/n%5/r/nB/r/n%22/r/nFY/r/n2018/r/n+/r/n/r/nNDAA/r/n2%2C%22FY2018%22%2C%22NDAA%22%5D%7D&s=1&r=2/r/n38/r/n/r/n“/r/nCFIUS/r/n/r/nBlocks/r/n/r/nAlibaba/r/n’/r/ns/r/n/r/nAttempted/r/n/r/nAcquisition/r/n/r/nof/r/n/r/nMoneyGram/r/n,/r/n/r/nCiting/r/n/r/nData/r/n/r/nSafety/r/n/r/nConcerns/r/n,”/r/n/r/nJanuar/r/n/r/ny/r/n/r/n2,/r/n/r/n2018./r/n/r/nhttps/r/n:///r/nwww/r/n./r/nrwradvisory/r/n./r/ncom/r/n//r/ncfius/r/n-/r/nblocks/r/n-/r/nalibabas/r/n-/r/nattempted/r/n-/r/nacquisition/r/n-/r/nmoneygram/r/n-/r/nciting/r/n-/r/ndata/r/n-/r/nsaf/r/n/r/nety/r/nconcerns/r/n39/r/n/r/n“/r/nHow/r/n/r/nGrindr/r/n/r/nbecame/r/n/r/na/r/n/r/nnational/r/n/r/nsecurity/r/n/r/nissue/r/n,”/r/n/r/nMarch/r/n/r/n28,/r/n/r/n2019./r/n/r/nhttps/r/n:/r/n///article/us-grind/r/n/r/nr/r/nm/r/na/r/nbeijingkunlun/r/nidUSKCN/r/nSJ28N/r/n0/r/n/r/nhttps://2017-2021./the-clean-network/index.html/r/nister/r/ngov/r/ndocuments/r/naddressing/r/nthe/r/nthreat/r/nposed/r/nby/r/ntiktok/r/nand/r/nt/r/n/r/naking/r/n-/r/nadditional/r/n-/r/nsteps/r/n-/r/nto/r/n-/r/naddress-the-national-emergency;/r/n/r/n/documents/2020/08/11/r/n/r/ndressing/r/nthe/r/nthreat/r/nposed/r/nby/r/nwechat/r/nand/r/ntaking/r/nadditional/r/nsteps/r/nto/r/naddress/r/nthe/r/nnational/r/nemergenc/r/n/r/ny/r/n而今/r/n，/r/n拜登政府继承了特朗普执政时期美国在关键与新兴技术领域对华的/r/n/r/n/r/n打/r/n压与强化美国本土产业基础、供应链韧性等政策目标相互捆绑、并行推进。/r/n/r/n /r/n(/r/nwhole/r/n-/r/nof/r/n-/r/ngovernment/r/n/r/napproach/r/n)评估关键供应链的脆弱性以及加强关键供应/r/n链/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n着/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n43/r/n/r/nThe/r/n/r/nWhite/r/n/r/nHouse/r/n,/r/n/r/n“/r/nBiden/r/n-/r/nHarris/r/n/r/nAdministration/r/n/r/nAnnounces/r/n/r/nSupply/r/n/r/nChain/r/n/r/nDisruptions/r/n/r/nTask/r/n/r/nForce/r/n/r/nto/r/n/r/nA/r/n/r/nress/r/nShort/r/nTerm/r/nSupply/r/nChain/r/nDiscontinuities/r/nhttps/r/nwww/r/nwhitehouse/r/ngov/r/nbriefing/r/nroom/r/nstatements/r/nreleas/r/n/r/nes/r/n/2021/06/r/n/08//r/nfact/r/n-/r/nsheet/r/n-/r/nbiden/r/n-/r/nharris/r/n-/r/nadministration/r/n-/r/nannounces/r/n-/r/nsupply/r/n-/r/nchain/r/n-/r/ndisruptions/r/n-/r/ntask/r/n-/r/nforce/r/n-/r/nto/r/n-/r/naddress/r/n-/r/nsh/r/n/r/nt/r/nterm/r/nsupply/r/nchain/r/ndiscontinuities/r/n44/r/n/r/nThe/r/n/r/nWhite/r/n/r/nHouse/r/n,/r/n/r/n“/r/nBiden/r/n-/r/nHarris/r/n/r/nAdministration/r/n/r/nAnnounces/r/n/r/nSupply/r/n/r/nChain/r/n/r/nDisruptions/r/n/r/nTask/r/n/r/nForce/r/n/r/nto/r/n/r/nA/r/n/r/nress/r/nShort/r/nTerm/r/nSupply/r/nChain/r/nDiscontinuities/r/nhttps/r/nwww/r/nwhitehouse/r/ngov/r/nbriefing/r/nroom/r/nstatements/r/nreleas/r/n/r/nes/r/n/2021/06/r/n/08//r/nfact/r/n-/r/nsheet/r/n-/r/nbiden/r/n-/r/nharris/r/n-/r/nadministration/r/n-/r/nannounces/r/n-/r/nsupply/r/n-/r/nchain/r/n-/r/ndisruptions/r/n-/r/ntask/r/n-/r/nforce/r/n-/r/nto/r/n-/r/naddress/r/n-/r/nsh/r/n/r/nt/r/nterm/r/nsupply/r/nchain/r/ndiscontinuities/r/n45/r/n/r/nThe/r/n/r/nWhite/r/n/r/nHouse/r/n,/r/n/r/n“/r/nThe/r/n/r/nBiden/r/n-/r/nHarris/r/n/r/nPlan/r/n/r/nto/r/n/r/nRevitalize/r/n/r/nAmerican/r/n/r/nManufacturing/r/n/r/nand/r/n/r/nSecure/r/n/r/nCritical/r/n/r/nS/r/n/r/nupply/r/n/r/nChains/r/n/r/nin/r/n/r/n2022,”/r/n/r/nhttps/r/n:///r/nwww/r/n./r/nwhitehouse/r/n./r/ngov/r/n//r/nbriefing/r/n-/r/nroom/r/n//r/nstatements/r/n-/r/nreleases/r/n/202/r/n2/02/24//r/nthe/r/n-/r/nbiden/r/n-/r/nha/r/n/r/nrris/r/n-/r/nplan/r/n-/r/nto-revitalize-american-manufacturing-and-secure-critical-supply-chains-in-2022//r/n/r/n/r/n业变革的关键时期，/r/n/r/n/r/n涉/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n华/r/n/r/n胁迫的有力支撑/r/n。/r/n(一)/r/n/r/n中美战略竞争加速了美国对半导体产业的/r/n/r/n“安全化”/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n。/r/n/r/nspecialization/r/n)、/r/n企/r/n业间高度相互依存的结构。美国半导体行业协会(/r/nSIA/r/n)与波/r/n/r/n数字经济涉及数字产业化、产业数字化两大部分。前者涉及电子信息制造业、信息通信业、互联网行业/r/n/r/n/r/n士顿咨询集团(/r/nBCG/r/n)/r/n/r/n估算，在整个“半导体产业”的供应链/r/n中，至少有/r/n/r/n50/r/n/r/n个/r/n/r/n节/r/n点主要依赖单一区域来源的供应。例如，硅片(/r/n/r/nSilicon/r/n/r/nwafers/r/n)、光刻胶/r/n/r/n /r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n体产业链的增/r/n加值占比中位列首位，达/r/n/r/n38%/r/n；而美国的无晶圆厂企业(/r/nFabless/r/n)/r/n/r/n与/r/n集成器件制造商(/r/nIDM/r/n)/r/n/r/n更是合计占全球半导体销售份额的近一半。/r/n47/r/n但是，/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/nnm/r/nnm/r/n的半导体制造代工能力，美国的生产份额又将至个位/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n47/r/n/r/n芯/r/n片类型的供应商有三类：集设计、制造、封装和市场销售为一体的公司，为集成器件制造商(/r/nIDM/r/n)；/r/n/r/n为其他芯片供应商制造电路芯片，称为代工厂(/r/nFoundry/r/n)；做设计和晶圆市场的公司，其从晶圆工/r/n厂/r/n购买/r/n/r/nant/r/n/r/n48/r/n/r/nIC/r/n/r/nInsights/r/n,/r/n/r/nGlobal/r/n/r/nWafer/r/n/r/nCapacity/r/n/r/n/r/n2020-2024,/r/n/r/nFebruary/r/n/r/n13,/r/n/r/n2020,/r/n/r/np./r/n/r/n1./r/n/r/n/servi/r/n/r/nces/r/n//r/n/r/nglobal/r/n-/r/nwafer/r/n-/r/ncapacity/r/n//r/nreport/r/n-/r/ncontents/./r/nE/r/nU/r/nS/r/nSEMICONDUCTOR/r/nINDUSTRY/r/nSIA/r/nhttps/r/nwww/r/nsemiconductors/r/norg/r/nsta/r/n/r/nte/r/nof/r/nthe/r/nu/r/ns-semiconductor-industry//r/n/r/n/r/n家安全造成风险。/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/ntz/r/n/r/n可信集成电路战略”(/r/nDefense/r/n/r/nTrusted/r/n/r/nIntegrated/r/n/r/nCircuit/r/n/r/nStrategy/r/n)，称美国需/r/n要可/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n为保障国防工业的技术竞争力，美/r/n国军方选择将“单一来源的可信代工模式”/r/n/r/nSTRENGTHENING/r/nTHE/r/nGLOBAL/r/nSEMICONDUCTOR/r/nSUPPLY/r/nCHAIN/r/nIN/r/nAN/r/nUNCERTAIN/r/n/r/nERA,”/r/nw/r/nsemiconductors/r/norg/r/nstrengthening/r/nthe/r/nglobal/r/nsemiconductor/r/nsupply/r/nchain/r/nin/r/nan/r/nuncertain/r/nera/r/n/r/n//r/n51/r/n/r/nCRS/r/n,/r/n/r/nU/r/n./r/nS/r/n./r/n/r/n/r/nSemiconductor/r/n/r/nManufacturing:/r/n/r/nIndustry/r/n/r/nTrends,/r/n/r/nGlobal/r/n/r/nCompetition,/r/n/r/nFederal/r/n/r/nPolicy,/r/n/r/nhttps://cr/r/n/r/nsreports/r/ncongress/r/ngov/r/nproduct/r/npdf/r/nR/r/nR/r/n81/r/n52/r/n/r/nDepartment/r/n/r/nof/r/n/r/nDefense/r/n,/r/n/r/nDefense/r/n/r/nScience/r/n/r/nBoard/r/n/r/nTask/r/n/r/nForce/r/n/r/non/r/n/r/nHigh/r/n/r/nPerformance/r/n/r/nMicrochip/r/n/r/nSupply/r/n,/r/n/r/nD/r/n/r/necember/r/n/r/n2005,/r/n/r/npp/r/n./r/n/r/n96./r/n/r/nhttps/r/n:///r/napps/r/n./r/ndtic/r/n./r/nmil/r/n//r/nsti/r/n//r/npdfs/r/n//r/nADA/r/n4355/r/n63.pdf/r/n53/r/n/r/nKirsten/r/n/r/nBaldwin/r/n,/r/n/r/n/r/nPolicy/r/n/r/nPerspective/r/n:/r/n/r/nThe/r/n/r/nCurrent/r/n/r/nand/r/n/r/nProposed/r/n/r/nSecurity/r/n/r/nFramework/r/n,/r/n/r/nDepartment/r/n/r/nof/r/n/r/nDe/r/n/r/nfense/r/n,/r/n/r/nAugust/r/n/r/n16,/r/n/r/n2016,/r/n/r/np/r/n./r/n/r/n12./r/n54/r/n/r/nKristen/r/n/r/nBaldwin/r/n,/r/n/r/nLong/r/n-/r/nTerm/r/n/r/nStrategy/r/n/r/nfor/r/n/r/nDOD/r/n/r/nAssured/r/n/r/nMicroelectronics/r/n/r/nNeeds/r/n/r/nand/r/n/r/nInnovation/r/n/r/nfor/r/n/r/nNat/r/n/r/nional/r/n/r/nEconomic/r/n/r/nCompetitiveness/r/n,/r/n/r/nDOD/r/n,/r/n/r/nOctober/r/n/r/n24/r/n,/r/n/r/n2018,/r/n/r/np/r/n./r/n/r/n19/r/n/r/n./r/n/r/nhttps/r/n:///r/nndiastorage/r/n./r/nblob/r/n./r/ncore/r/n./r/nusgovcloudap/r/n/r/ni/r/nnet/r/nndia/r/n2018/systems/Wed_21335_Baldwin.pdf/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n科技实力优势。/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n协同合奏”提供重要支持。/r/n56/r/n2020/r/n/r/n年/r/n/r/n10/r/n/r/n月特/r/n/r/n朗普政府发布了“关键和新兴技术国家战略”(/r/nNational/r/n/r/nStrategy/r/n/r/nfor/r/n/r/nCritical/r/n/r/nand/r/n/r/nhttps/r/nwww/r/nsemiconductors/r/norg/r/nstrengthening/r/nthe/r/nglobal/r/nsemiconductor/r/nsupply/r/nchain/r/nin/r/nan/r/nuncertain/r/nera/r/n56/r/n/r/n技术革命浪潮的增长效能由其在连接/r/n+/r/n能源/r/n+/r/n材料三重/r/n维度的技术变迁及其所形成的净创造效应所决定。/r/n/r/n革命浪潮中，最先实现信息/r/n+/r/n能源/r/n+/r/n材料三重维度协同“合奏”的国家，则会成为新一轮技术/r/n/r/n技术领/r/n域/r/n。/r/n/r/n57/r/n2022/r/n/r/n年/r/n/r/n2/r/n/r/n月拜登政府的国家科学技术委员会(/r/nNSTC/r/n)发布了新版/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n(二)中美战略竞争被“简单化”，美国将半导体产业塑造为对华战略竞/r/n争/r/n/r/n/r/n57/r/n/r/nThe/r/n/r/nWhite/r/n/r/nHouse/r/n,/r/n/r/n“/r/nNational/r/n/r/nStrategy/r/n/r/nfor/r/n/r/nCritical/r/n/r/n/r/nand/r/n/r/nEmerging/r/n/r/nTechnologies/r/n,”/r/n/r/nhttps/r/n:///r/ntrumpwhitehouse/r/n./r/n/r/narchives/r/ngov/r/nwp/r/ncontent/r/nuploads/r/n2020/10/National-Strategy-for-CET.pdf/r/n5/r/n8/r/n/r/nNSTC/r/n,/r/n/r/n“/r/nCRITICAL/r/n/r/nAND/r/n/r/nEMERGING/r/n/r/nTECHNOLOGIES/r/n/r/nLIST/r/n/r/nUPDATE/r/n,”/r/n/r/nFebruary/r/n/r/n2022./r/n/r/nhttps/r/n:///r/nww/r/n/r/nw/r/nwhitehouse/r/ngov/r/nwp/r/ncontent/r/nuploads/2022/02/02-2022-Critical-and-Emerging-Technologies-List-Update.pdf/r/nPCAST/r/nEnsuring/r/nLong/r/nTerm/r/nU/r/nS/r/nLeadership/r/nin/r/nSemiconductors/r/nJanuary/r/n./r/n/r/nhttps://obamawhitehous/r/n/r//sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/PCAST/pcast_ensuring_long-term_us_leadership_in_semiconduc/r/n/r/ntors/r/n./r/npdf/r/n60/r/n/r/nCRS,/r/n/r/nSemiconductors:/r/n/r/nU.S./r/n/r/nIndustry,/r/n/r/nGlobal/r/n/r/nCompetition,/r/n/r/nand/r/n/r/nFederal/r/n/r/nPolicy,/r/n/r/nOctober/r/n/r/n26,/r/n/r/n2020./r/n/r/nhttps:///r/n/r/ncrsreports/r/ncongress/r/ngov/r/nproduct/r/npdf/r/nR/r/nR/r/n581/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n中美战略竞争走向的，是各自的经济动能与治理能力。/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n及半导体对新一轮技术创新与产业变革/r/n的非凡价值，/r/n/r/n在这四大因素的共同促