考研考博-英语-安徽商贸职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽商贸职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thefirstthingwedidwaslookforerrorsinourexperimentaldesignandforeveryconceivable（

）thatcouldhaveledusastray.

问题1选项

A.exposition

B.scenario

C.illustration

D.scheme

【答案】B

【解析】考察名词辨析。exposition博览会，展览会；scenario方案，可能的情景；illustration例证，图解；scheme计划。句意：我们首先要做的事就是查找实验设计中的错误和可能误导我们走人歧途的每一个能想到的可能情景。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Iwouldhavegonetothelecturewithyou______Iwassobusy.

问题1选项

A.exceptthat

B.providedthat

C.butthat

D.onlythat

【答案】D

【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：要不是我太忙，我就会和你一起去听讲座了。A选项exceptthat“除了（名词整体）外，只是（某些细节）”，后面的从句表示前面提及名词中所包含的一部份，也就是对该名词的细节加以修正；B选项providedthat“倘若”；C选项butthat“若非，要不是”，butthat引导从句时，主句必须是否定句；D选项onlythat“只是，要不是”。这里指的是要是我不忙就会去了，结合语境和用法，D选项onlythat符合题意。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

I’msureheisuptothejob（

）hewouldgivehismindtoit.

问题1选项

A.ifonly

B.until

C.incase

D.unless

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。A选项ifonly“如果”；B选项until“直到……才”；C选项incase“万一”；D选项unless“除非”。根据从句意思“只要他用心，他是能胜任这份工作的”，可知空格部分表示意思是“假如，如果”，句意为：我相信只要他用心，他是能胜任这份工作的。故正确答案选A。

4.写作题

YouappliedtoaprofessoratanAmericanuniversityforapostdoctoralposition.Youwereaskedbyhimtowriteanintroductionofyourresearchplan.

1.ThetitlecanbeAnIntroductionofMyResearchPlan.

2.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

3.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheintroduction.Use“LiMing”instead.

4.Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearSirorMadam,

MynameisLiMing.Igotmydoctor’sdegreeineducationthreeyearsago.Ihavemadesomeachievementsinmyacademicresearch.Inrecentyears,myresearchinteresthasshiftedfromChineseStudents’StateofMindinJob-seekingtoAmericanStudents’StateofMindinJob-seeking.Inordertohaveaninternationalfieldofvisionanddeepenmyresearch,Iwouldliketopursuepostdoctoralresearchinyouruniversity,whichissupposedtolasttwoyears.Inthefirstyearofmypostdoctoralresearch,Iwillconductsocialinvestigations.Concretelyspeaking,IwilltalkwithcollegestudentsfromdifferentinstitutionsofhigherlearningintheUnitedStatesandtheircareerplannerssothatIcanhaveaverygoodunderstandingoftheirstateofmindwhileseekingtheirjobs.Ofcourse,designingquestionnairesforAmericanstudentstoanswerisanotherwayofsolvingmyproblem.Thelastmethodofsolvingmyproblemisinformationretrieval.Iwillreadasmanydocumentsrelatedtomyresearchtopicaspossible.Inthesecondyear,Iwilltrymybesttopublishmyresearchfruitintheformofamonograph.Theaboveismyresearchplan.IhopecordiallythatIcanreceivesupportfromyou.

Yoursrespectfully

LiMing

5.单选题

By1900,manymunicipalitieshadbeguntorestricttheuseofautomobilesinordertoensurepedestriansafety.

问题1选项

A.amplify

B.standardize

C.limit

D.prohibit

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.amplify扩大B.standardize使标准化

C.limit限制D.prohibit禁止

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析

【解题思路】划线词部分语义为“____汽车的使用，以确保行人的安全”，原词restrict“限制”，C选项limit“限制”最符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项amplify“扩大”，不符合原句语义；

B选项standardize“使标准化”，不符合原句语义；

D选项prohibit“禁止”，指完全不让使用，不符合原句语义。

【句意】到1900年，许多城市开始限制汽车的使用，以确保行人的安全。

6.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

42.人们学会了珍惜各自身上具有的一些品质，正是这些品质使群体生活愉悦美好。在这些品质中，最重要的是同情。你若是残忍地对待动物，你就不大可能对其他人善良体贴。你若是对其他人体贴入微，你就不大可能残忍冷漠地对待动物。古代的智者写道“仁者爱人及畜”，原因概出于此。善待动物并不是说我们永远不能让动物承受痛苦。人类自身就是在快乐中、也在痛苦中经受锻炼。因此，有时候也需要用惩罚来训练我们的狗和马，使他们听从我们的指令。在医生的手下，为了疗好创伤或医治疾病，我们得忍受痛苦。为了国家的利益，我们派遣最勇敢的人们直面创伤、疾病和死亡。同样，我们让战马和我们一起亲冒矢石。

【答案】Peoplehavelearnedtovaluethequalitiesthateachofthempossessesthatmakegrouplifeenjoyable.Themostimportantofthesequalitiesiscompassion.Ifyouarecrueltoanimals,youarelesslikelytobekindtootherpeople.Ifyoutreatotherpeoplewithconsideration,youarelesslikelytotreatanimalswithcrueltyandinsensitivity.Thisiswhythewisemenofancienttimeswrotethat“benevolentmenlovetheiranimals.”Beingkindtoanimalsdoesnotmeanthatweshouldneverallowanimalstosuffer.Manhimselfisexercisedinpleasureaswellasinpain.Therefore,itissometimesnecessarytousepunishmenttotrainourdogsandhorsestoobeyourcommands.Underthehandsofadoctor,wehavetosufferinordertohealawoundorcureadisease.Wehavesentourbravestmenandwomentofacetrauma,diseaseanddeathinthefaceofwhatisgoodforourcountry.Inthesameway,weletourhorsesmarchwithusthroughthehailofbullets.

7.单选题

Thestudentsweresupposedto（

）theirassignmentbynow.

问题1选项

A.finish

B.havefinished

C.finishing

D.havingfinished

【答案】B

【解析】句意:到现在为止，学生们应该已完成作业了。

语法题。考查现在完成时。由关键词bynow(到现在为止)可知句子用现在完成时态。Besupposedto后面应该接动词原形have。故选B。

8.单选题

ToreturnGermanpropertytoGermanyiscertainlyjustand____.However,toclaimthatthepaintingsofRembrandandVermeerarepartofGermany’sculturalheritageoverstatesthematter.

问题1选项

A.decent

B.exhilarating

C.eruptive

D.combative

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.decent体面的；正派的B.exhilarating令人高兴或兴奋的

C.eruptive爆发的D.combative好战的

【答案】B

【考查点】修饰语与被修饰语的搭配

【解题思路】空格处所填的形容词修饰的是“把德国的财产还给德国”这件事，能修饰这件事的是B选项exhilarating“令人高兴或兴奋的”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项decent指人正直的、正派的，或人的行为举止得体的、体面的，或某物像样的、体面的，与被修饰语搭配不当；

C选项eruptive“爆发的”，与被修饰语搭配不当；

D选项combative“好战的”，与被修饰语搭配不当。

【句意】把德国的财产归还德国当然是公正的、令人高兴的。然而，声称伦勃朗（Rembrand）和维米尔（Vermeer）的画作是德国文化遗产的一部分，就言过其实了。

9.翻译题

Passage1

Severalpromisingdrugdevelopmentstrategiesareemerginginthefightagainsttuberculosis(TB),whichcontinuestoclaimnearlytwomillionlivesworldwideeachyear,largelyindevelopingcountries.AstheTBbacteriumevolvestoresistanti-TBdrugs,andpatientsfinditdifficulttosticktoexistingdrugregimesthesearchisonforbothnewdrugsandgooddiagnostics.Somepromisingdrugsareinearlyclinicaltrials,whichcouldreducethetimeneededtotreatTB—buttheoddsarestackedagainstthembecausefewerthantenpercentofantibioticsthatenterearlyclinicaltrialsevergainapproval.Butresearchesarefindingthatfieldsinvolvingthestudyofgenes,proteinsandmetabolismofferthepotentialtounlocknewinformationaboutthebacteriumanditsinteractionswithpeopleinunprecedenteddetail.

Passage2

AsfarasWeb2.0isconcerned,biggerisdefinitelybetter.Biggertext,thatis.Largetextiseasyontheeye,andcoupledwithsnappycopywritingmakesinformationeasytoabsorb.ThelayoutofWeb2.0sitesmightbedescribedasminimal.Withafocusonlegibilityandeaseofuse,gooduseismadeofwhitespace.Whitespaceallowsimportantinformationtostandapart,providesrestfortheeye,andimpartsasenseofcalmandorder.Generousleadingalsomakestextcopyeasierfortheeyetofollow.SomeWeb2.0layoutsaresominimalthattheyvergeonboring,butdesignedwell,anunclutteredpagecanbeincrediblytasteful.Friendly,informalcopywritingallowsamorepersonalrelationshipwithwebsitevisitors.

Passage3

Theprojectmanagementteammustbecarefulnottoconfusequalitywithgrade.Lowqualityisalwaysaproblem;lowgrademaynotbe.Determininganddeliveringtherequiredlevelsofbothqualityandgradearetheresponsibilitiesoftheprojectmanagerandtheprojectmanagementteam.Inaddition,qualityimprovementinitiativesundertakenbytheperformingorganizationcanimprovethequalityoftheprojectmanagementaswellasthequalityoftheprojectproduct.However,thereisanimportantdifferencethattheprojectmanagementteammustbeacutelyawareof—thetemporarynatureoftheprojectmeansthatinvestmentsinproductqualityimprovement,especiallydefectpreventionandappraisal,mustoftenbebornebytheperformingorganizationsincetheprojectmaynotlastlongenoughtoreaptherewards.

ChooseONLYONEtextfromthefollowingpassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetprovided.IfmorethanONEtranslationappearsontheAnswerSheet,onlythefirstortheindicatedonewouldbescored

【答案】Passage1

在反击结核病的战争中,几种有前景的药物开发策略正在出现。结核病如今每年仍在夺去将近两百万人的生命,其中大多发生在发展中国家。随着结核分枝杆菌进化成可以耐受抗结核药物,而患者感到很难接受现有的药物治疗框架,科学家正在寻找新药和好的诊断方法。一些有前景的药物正在进行早期临床试验,这可能缩短结核病治疗时间,但是他们面临的情况不利,因为只有不到10%的进入早期临床试验阶段的抗生素获得了批准。但研究人员发现,研究基因、蛋白质和代谢的领域提供了破解关于这种细菌及其与人类相互作用的空前详细的新信息的潜力。

Passage2

对于Web2.0来讲,越大肯定是越好。大的文字就是,大的文字看起来不累,配合流畅的文字内容使得信息容易被吸收。Web2.0网站的排版布局（难度）可说是微乎其微。利用好空白可以使重点突出,易读,易用。空白能让重要信息凸显,让眼睛得以休息,并给予一种安定和秩序的感觉。宽松的行间距也让视线易于跟随文本流动。一些Web2.0网站的布局简单到令人感到无聊的地步,但若设计上出色的话,一个四平八稳的页面也能成为绝顶的美味大餐。友好、活泼的行文方式会使作者与访问者建立更多良好的关系。

Passage3

项目管理队伍必须注意不能将质量与等级混淆。质量低常成为一个问题,但等级低则不是。确定和传达所需的质量及等级水平是项目经理和项目管理队伍的责任。另外,执行组织主动采取质量改进不仅能提高项目管理的质量,也可提高项目产品质量。但是,项目管理队伍必须清楚知道一个重要的区别一项目的临时性意味着对产品质量改进的投资,特别是缺陷的预防和评估,必须由执行组织承担,因为项目可能不会持续到获得回报的时候。

10.单选题

Pickingflowersintheparkisabsolutely（）.

问题1选项

A.avoided

B.prohibited

C.rejected

D.repelled

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在公园里摘花是绝对禁止的。选项B符合语境。

11.单选题

Forthereasons,thenewspaperishaving（）problemsinthenorthofthecountry.

问题1选项

A.distribution

B.regulation

C.recognition

D.destruction

【答案】A

【解析】形近词辨析。distribution分布,分配；regulation管理,规则；recognition识别,承认；destruction破坏。句意：由于这些原因，这份报纸在这个国家的北部遇到了发行问题。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

Petroleumisnature’s______ofthehydrocarbon—remainsofmanyformsofmarinelife.

问题1选项

A.component

B.composition

C.composite

D.complication

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A项component“组成部分，成分，组件”，B项composition“作文，作曲，作品”，C项composite“复合材料，合成物”，D项complication“并发症，复杂，复杂化”。根据句子空格处部分的意思“石油是自然界的……碳氢化合物”可知，空格处填入“合成物”最符合语境。句意：石油是自然界中多种海洋生物残留的碳氢化合物的合成物。因此，该题选择C项正确。

13.单选题

Whenitworks,itcanbefantastic,butcanveryeasily（）intoanightmareofthemostseriousproportions.

问题1选项

A.backwash

B.backdate

C.backlash

D.backfire

【答案】D

【解析】考查词义辨析。A项backwash“回流、反响”，B项backdate“回溯”，C项backlash“强烈反对”，D项backfire“产生出乎意料及事与愿违的结果”；句意：当它发挥作用时，可能是非常奇妙的，但也很容易事与愿违，变成最严重的噩梦。因此D选项正确。

14.翻译题

Theirrationalfearspeopleexpresstodayaboutcloningparallelthosesurroundingroboticshalfacenturyago.SoIwouldliketoproposeThreeLawofCloningthatalsoclarifythreemisunderstandings:1.Ahumancloneisahumanbeingnolessuniqueinhisorherpersonhoodthananidenticaltwin.2.Ahumanclonehasalltherightsandprivilegesthataccompanythislegalandmoralstatus.3.Ahumancloneistobeaccordedthedignityandrespectdueanymemberofyourspecies.Althoughsuchsimplificationsriskerasingtherichdifferencesfoundinethicaldebatesoverpioneeringresearch,theydoaidinreducingridiculousfearsoftenassociatedwithsuchadvances.

【答案】人们今天对克隆所表现出的非理性恐惧与50年前人们对机器人表现出的恐惧类似。因此我提出三个关于克隆的观点来澄清三个误解：1、克隆人也是人，他的个性就像同卵孪生子一样。2、克隆人拥有与这种法律和道德地位伴随的所有权利和特权。3、克隆人应该被给予应有的尊严和尊重，就像你对待其它成员一样。尽管这类简化冒着消除有关前沿研究的道德争论的复杂性，但是的确有助于减少有关的荒谬的恐惧。

15.单选题

Etiquetteisnotsimplyanaccessoryoftherich,usedto________theirexistingsocialstatus,butmakesuptheveryfabricofsociety.

问题1选项

A.reinforce

B.intensify

C.amplify

D.aggravate

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.reinforce加强，加固B.intensify增强，加剧

C.amplify放大，加强D.aggravate加重，使恶化

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】A、B、C、D四个选项都有“加强，增强”的意思。used是过去分词表被动，意为“被用来……”，空格处和下文的“socialstatus（社会地位）”构成动宾逻辑，表示礼仪作为富人的附属品来怎么样他们现有的社会地位。既然富人将礼仪作为一种工具，就说明礼仪对他们有利，会使他们现有的社会地位得到加强和巩固。reinforce指加强某事物的力量，使其更强大，因此A选项reinforce“加强，加固”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项intensify“增强，加剧”指使情感或事态在程度或强度上剧烈地增加，不能和“socialstatus（社会地位）”进行搭配；

C选项amplify“放大，加强”指增强某事物的声音等强度或在某个陈述中添加细节，不能和“socialstatus（社会地位）”进行搭配；

D选项aggravate“加重，使恶化”指使糟糕或不愉快的情况恶化，富人现有的社会地位并不糟糕，不符合题干的语义逻辑。

【句意】礼仪不仅是富人的附属品，用来加强他们现有的社会地位，而且是社会结构的组成部分。

16.单选题

TomMacaulay,beingadiligentyoungman,neverrefusesto________moreworkthathisbossassignedtohim.

问题1选项

A.takeup

B.takein

C.takeoff

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项takeup“占据”；B选项takein“吸收，领会”；C选项takeoff“脱下，起飞”；D选项takeon“承担，承受”。句意：TomMacaulay作为一名勤奋的年轻人，从来不拒绝（）他老板派发给他的工作。派发的工作是要承担的，因而答案选D最为合适。

17.单选题

Nervesignalsmaytravelthroughnerveormusclefibersatspeedsashighastwohundredmilesperhour.

问题1选项

A.velocities

B.impulses

C.ratios

D.atrocities

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项velocities“速度”；B选项impulses“脉冲”；C选项ratios“比率”；D选项atrocities“暴行，残忍”。句意：神经信号通过神经纤维或肌肉纤维的速度可达每小时200英里。句子中的划线部分含义“速度”，与A选项最为接近，因此A选项符合题意。

18.单选题

Somepeoplethinkthata（

）translation,orword-for-wordtranslation,iseasierthanafreetranslation.

问题1选项

A.literal

B.literary

C.liberal

D.linear

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。literal“照原文的，逐字的”；literary“文学的”；liberal“自由的”；linear“直线的”。句意：一些人认为直译或者逐字的翻译要比意译简单。选项A符合题意。

19.单选题

Untilmeninventedwaysofstayingunderwaterformorethanafewminutes,thewondersoftheworldbelowthesurfaceoftheseawerealmostunknown.Themainproblem,ofcourse,liesinair.Howcouldairbesuppliedtoswimmersbelowthesurfaceofthesea?Picturesmadeabout2,900yearsagoinAsiashowmenswimmingunderthesurfacewithairbagstiedtotheirbodies.Apipefromthebagcarriedairintotheswimmer’smouth.Butlittleprogresswasachievedintheinventionofdivingdevicesuntilabout1490,whenthefamousItalianpainter,LeonardodaVinci,designedacompletedivingsuit.

In1680,anItalianprofessorinventedalargeairbagwithaglasswindowtobewornoverthediver’shead.To“clean”theairabreathingpipewentfromtheairbag,throughanotherbagtoremovemoisture,andthenagaintothelargeairbag.Theplandidnotwork,butitgavelaterinventorstheideaofmovingairaroundindivingdevices.

In1819,aGerman,AugustusSiebe,developedawayofforcingairintothehead-coveringbyamachineoperatedabovethewater.Finally,in1837,heinventedthe“hard-hatsuit”thatwastobeusedfornearlyacentury.Ithadametalcoveringfortheheadandanairpipeattachedtoamachineabovethewater.Italsohadsmallopeningstoremoveunwantedair.Butthereweretwodangerstothediverinsidethe“hard-hatsuit”.Onewasthesuddenrisetothesurface,causedbyatoogreatsupplyofair.Theotherwasthecrushingofthebody,causedbyasuddendivingintodeepwater.Thesuddenrisetothesurfacecouldkillthediver;asuddendivecouldforcehisbodyupintothehelmet,whichcouldalsoresultindeath.

Graduallythe“hard-hatsuit”wasimprovedsothatthedivercouldbegivenaconstantsupplyofair.Thedivercouldthenmovearoundundertheoceanwithoutworryingabouttheairsupply.

Duringthe1940sdivingunderwaterwithoutaspecialsuitbecamepopular.Instead,diversusedabreathingdeviceandasmallcoveringmadeofrubberandglassoverpartsoftheface.Toimprovetheswimmer’sspeedanothernewinventionwasused：apieceofrubbershapedlikeagiantfoot,whichwasattachedtoeachofthediver’sownfeet.Themanufactureofrubberbreathingpipesmadeitpossiblefordiverstofloatonthesurfaceofthewater,observingthemarinelifeunderneaththem.Aspecialrubbersuitenabledthemtostayincoldwaterforlongperiods,collectingspecimensofanimalandvegetablelifethathadneverbeenobtainedinthepast.

Themostimportantadvance,however,wastheinventionofaself-containedunderwaterbreathingapparatus,whichiscalleda“scuba”.

InventedbytwoFrenchmen,JacquesCousteauandEmileGagnan,thescubaconsistsofamouth-piecejoinedtooneortwotanksofcompressedairwhichareattachedtothediver’sback.

Thescubamakesitpossibleforadiver-scientisttowork200feetunderwaterorevendeeperforseveralhours.Asaresult,scientistscannowmovearoundfreelyatgreatdepths,learningaboutthewondersofthesea.

1.Themainprogressmentionedinthispassagewas（

）.

2.AninventionofanItalianprofessor（

）.

3.Siebes’inventionwasnotaperfectone,because（

）.

4.Theword“scuba”is（

）.

问题1选项

A.anItalianprofessorinventedalargeairbag

B.meninventedthebestdivingdevices

C.anItalianpainterdesignedacompletedivingsuit

D.anairbag

问题2选项

A.workedoutverywell

B.can“clean”theair

C.inspiredlaterinventions

D.wasusedtoremovemoisture

问题3选项

A.toosmallasupplyofaircouldresultinasuddenrisetothesurface

B.asuddendiveintodeepwatercouldcausethecrushingofthebody

C.theairpipeattachedtoamachinecouldbeabovethesurface

D.bothAandB

问题4选项

A.acertaindiver’sname

B.anoriginalEnglishword

C.namedbytheinventor

D.anacronym

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.信息推断题。根据文中的单词“invented,developed,improved”以及“themostimportantadvance”可以知道，文章一直在阐述潜水装备的发展进程。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据“itgavelaterinventorstheidea”这一句得知选项C最符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第三句，“Butthereweretwodangers…Onewas…Theotherwas…,”选项B最符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“self-containedunderwaterbreathingapparatus”，可知scuda是首字母缩略词，选项D符合题意。

20.单选题

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmallwell-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts.Yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerlessthathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob.Theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain-bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofloveandofreason-aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（

）

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（

）.

问题1选项

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividualfunctionsinit

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

问题2选项

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

问题3选项

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

问题4选项

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkerandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

问题5选项

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一句话通常点出主旨大意。通篇文章都在谈论人们由于对工作没有激情和兴趣而找不到存在感，生活在巨大的焦虑之中的现实。所以C选项“社会中毫不重要的一个小部分，尽管一切运作正常”符合题意。

2.根据文章第二段的最后一句话‘Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.他们生活和死亡从来没有面对过人类作为情感和智力独立和有生产力的人存在的基本现实。’确定真正的原因是作为“情感与理智上独立的、富有创造性的”个人被忽视。D选项正确。选项A、B只是部分原因，不是真正的原因；C的意思与文章内容相悖。

3.语义推测题。文章第三段开头提到‘Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.生活在社会上层阶级的人需要面对更为激烈的竞争，因此面临着更大的焦虑，同时也更没有安全感‘。所以A和B选项排除。第三段最后一句提到“Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.一个人需要频繁地去证实他不比其竞争者差或比他更好，这样频繁的焦虑和压力正是人类抑郁和生病的原因。”，所以C选项排除。所以正确答案为D。

4.语义理解题。文章最后一段作者提到了解决方法：Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofloveandofreason-aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.我建议把我们的社会制度从以最大限度的生产和消费为目的的官僚主义管理的工业主义转变为以人为本的工业主义，在这种工业主义中，人和充分发挥他的潜力---即爱和理性的潜力---是一切社会安排的目标。作者不赞同回到工业革命前的生产模式或是19世纪自由市场资本主义，所以A和B选项排除。作者赞同旨在激发人类爱和理智无限潜能的社会事业，所以C选项正确。D选项文章没有提及，排除。

5.作者观点题。作者提出了由于工业主义后在社会上产生的焦虑，但是文章最后一段，作者并不仅仅是表达对现状的不满意，而是以宽容的方式提出更好的建议来改善现状。所以D选项“宽容”符合题意。A“赞同”和C“怀疑”都不符合文意，排除。B‘不满’比较片面，排除。

21.单选题

TheEuropeanUnionrevealedonJanuary23thhowitplanstosavetheworld.Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailhowmuchpaineachofits27memberswillhavetobeariftheEUistomeetambitioustargetssetbynationalleaderslastMatch.

Theaimistocutgreenhouse-gasemissionsby2020byatleastafifth,andmorethandoubleto20%theamountofenergyproducedfromrenewablesourcessuchaswindorwavepower.Iffuelfromplantsprovesgreenenough,10%ofthefuelusedintransportmustcomefrombiofuelsbythesamedate.Thenewplanturnsthesegoalsintonationaltargets.Thiswillsurelystartmuchgrumblingandmonthsofhorse-trading,astheEuropeanCommission’srecommendationsareturnedintobindinglawbynationalgovernmentsandtheEuropeanParliament.

Countrieswithgreeneryintheirveinsarebeingaskedtotakemoreoftheburdenthannewermembers.Sweden,forexample,isbeinginvitedtomeet49%ofitsenergyfromrenewables.Attheotherend,Maltagetsarenewablestargetofjust10%.Itisasimilarstorywhenitcomestocuttinggreenhousegases:by2020,Denmarkmustcutemissionsby20%from2005levels;BulgariaandRomania,thenewestmembers,maylettheiremissionsriseby20%.

EUleadershiponclimatechangewillnotcomecheap.Thedirectcostsalonemaybee60billion($87billion),orabout0.5%oftotalEUGDP,by2020,saidthecommission’spresident,JoseManuelBarroso.Butthisisstillpresentedasabargaincomparedwiththecostofinaction,whichMrBarrosoputattentimesashigh.“Oh,leadingtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangeneednotcostjobs,eveninthemostheavilypollutingbranchesofheavyindustry.WewanttokeepourindustryinEurope”,insistedMr.Barroso.

ThetricktoachievetheseeminglyimpossibletargetsistheEU’semissions-tradingscheme(ETS).ThisobligesbigpolluterssuchaspowercompaniesormanufacturinggiantstotradepermitsthatallowthemtoemitCO2andotherclimate-changenasties,withinasteadilytighteningoverallcap.IfcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesdonotsignbindinginternationalagreementsby2011,thentheheaviestgreenhouse-gasemittersinsidetheEUmaybegiventheseallowancesfree,thecommissionsuggests.Or,itthreatens,firmsoutsidetheEUcouldbeforcedtobuyETSpermits.

1.Toitsmembernations,theEU’splanmeans______.

2.Byusingsomedatainparagraph3,theauthor______.

3.AccordingtoMr.Barroso,heavyindustryintheEUcountrieswill______.

4.AccordingtotheEU’sETS,bigpolluters______.

问题1选项

A.afiercecompetition

B.anidealgoal

C.agoodopportunity

D.adifficulttask

问题2选项

A.givesanobjectivedescriptionofthetaskassignmentamongEUcountries

B.showsdisapprovalofallowingsomenationstoraisetheirCO2emissions

C.revealshispuzzlementaboutwhysomenationsaretodolessthanothers

D.presentshisadmirationforthosewhotakegreaterpainstosavetheworld

问题3选项

A.stopbeingthebiggestpolluter

B.beshortofskilledworkforce

C.continueoperating

D.reactwithinaction

问题4选项

A.shallbegivennopermitsuntil2011

B.havetopayfortheirexistence

C.willbeallowedafixedamountofemissions

D.canbenefitiftheychoosetobeinsidetheEU

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“对其成员国来说，欧盟的计划意味着……”。根据第一段最后一句Amammothclimate-changeplanspellsoutindetailhowmuchpaineachofits27memberswillhavetobeariftheEUistomeetambitioustargetssetbynationalleaderslastMatch.（一项庞大的气候变化计划详细说明了如果欧盟想要实现各国领导人在上一场比赛中设定的雄心勃勃的目标，其27个成员国将会承受多大的痛苦）和最后一段第一句ThetricktoachievetheseeminglyimpossibletargetsistheEU’semissions-tradingscheme(ETS).（达到这些似乎不可能的任务的窍门是欧盟的排放交易计划）可推知，对欧盟的成员国来说，这一项计划是很艰巨的任务，D项“一项艰巨的任务”符合题意；A项“一个激烈的竞争”、B项“一个理想的目标”和C项“一个很好的机会”都与文章不符，文章主要讲述的是欧盟制定的拯救世界的计划会需要其成员国更多的责任和代价，是一个不可能实现的计划。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“通过使用第三段中的一些数据，作者……”。第三段主要围绕绿色能源比重大的国家比其他国家被要求承担更多的责任而进行分析和具体说明，作者在这里只是一个客观的陈述，并未透露自己的情绪观点，A项“客观描述了欧盟国家之间的任务分配”符合题意；B项“表示不赞成一些国家提高二氧化碳排放量”、C项“揭示了他对为什么有些国家比其他国家做得少的困惑”和D项“对那些为拯救世界付出更大努力的人表示钦佩”概括不正确。因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“据巴罗佐先生说，欧盟国家的重工业将会……”。根据第四段巴罗佐先生说的话Oh,leadingtheworldinthefightagainstclimatechangeneednotcostjobs,eveninthemostheavilypollutingbranchesofheavyindustry.WewanttokeepourindustryinEurope.（领导世界对抗气候变化不需要以就业为代价，即使是在污染最严重的重工业，我们想留住欧洲的工业产业）可知，欧盟国家的重工业将会继续，C项“继续运营”正确；由此也可知A项“停止做最大的污染者”错误；B项“缺少熟练劳动力”没有提到；由Butthisisstillpresentedasabargaincomparedwiththecostofin