考研考博-英语-咸阳师范学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-咸阳师范学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Einstein’stheoryofrelativityseemedhardtobelieveatthetime______.

问题1选项

A.thathefirstintroducedit

B.whenhefirstintroduced

C.hefirstintroduced

D.whichhefirstintroducedit

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.thathefirstintroducedit他第一次介绍它B.whenhefirstintroduced他第一次介绍

C.hefirstintroduced他第一次介绍D.whichhefirstintroducedit他第一次介绍它

【考查点】定语从句。

【解题思路】分析句子可知，atthetime（在那时）为句子的时间状语从句，句意是“爱因斯坦的相对论在当时似乎难以置信”，空格处为定语从句修饰atthetime，引导词在定语从句中充当时间状语，所以从句主谓宾必须完整，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】

B、C项缺少宾语it；

D项which应该改为atwhich。

【句意】当爱因斯坦第一次提出相对论时，他的理论似乎难以置信。

2.单选题

Greece,economically,isintheblack.Withverylittletoexportotherthansuchfarmproductsastobacco,cottonandfruit,thecountryearnsenoughfrom“invisibleearnings”topayforitsneeded,growingimports.FromthesendingoutofthingstheGreeks,earnonly$285million;fromtourism,shippingandtheremittancesofGreeksabroad,thecountrytakesinanadditional$375millionandthiswashesoutthealmost$400millionbywhichimportsexceedexports.

Ithasabalancedbudget.Althoughmorethanonedrachma（古希腊银币）outoffourgoesfordefense,thegovernmentendedarecentyearwithaslightsurplus-$66million.Greecehasadecentonethirdofabilliondollarsingoldandforeignexchange.Ithasagovernmentnotdependentoncoalescing（接合）incompatiblepartiestoobtainparliamentarymajorities.

Inthussummarizingafewhappyhighlights,Idon’tmeantominimizethevastextentofGreece’sproblems.ItisthepoorestcountrybyawidemargininFreeEurope,andpovertyiswidespread.Atbestanannualincomeof$60to$70isthelotofmanyapeasant,andsubstantialunemploymentplaguesthecountryside,cities,andtownsofGreece.Therearefewnaturalresourcesonwhichtobuildanysubstantialindustrialbase.SomeyearsagoIwrotehere:“GreekstatesmanshipwillhavetocreateanatmosphereinwhichhomeandforeignsavingswillwillinglyseekinvestmentopportunitiesinthebackwardeconomyofGreece.Sofar,mostAmericanandotherforeignattempthaveboggeddownintheGreekgovernment’sredtapeandshrewdnessaboutsmallpoints.”

Greatstrideshavebeenmade.Asfarbackas1956,expandingtourismseemedalogicalwaytobringneededforeigncurrenciesandadditionaljobstoGreece.AtthattimeItalkedwiththeHiltonHotelpeople,whohadbeenexamininghotelpossibilities,andtotheGreekgovernmentdivisionresponsibleforthisareaoftheeconomy.Theywerehopelesslydeadlockedinalmosttotaldifferencesofopinionandoutlook.

Todaymostoftheincrediblyvaried,beautiful,historicalsightsofGreecehavenew,ifinmanycasesmodest,touristfacilities.Tourismitselfhasjumpedfromapproximately$31milliontoover$90million.ThereisbothamagnificentnewHiltonHotelinAthensandacompletelymodernized,greatlyexpandedGrandeBretagne,aswellasotherfirst-ratenewhotels.AndtheadventofjetshasmadeAthensasaccessibleasParisorRome—withoutthesky-highpricesoftraffic-chokedstreetsofeither.

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Manypeasantsearnlessthan

（

）.

3.TheGreekGovernmentspends

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,Greecehas

（

）.

5.Greeceimportsannuallygoodsandmaterials（

）.

问题1选项

A.Greekincomeandexpenditures

B.TheimprovingeconomicsituationinGreece

C.Thevalueoftourism

D.Militaryexpenditures

问题2选项

A.$60aweek

B.$2aweek

C.$1aday

D.$10amonth

问题3选项

A.morethan25%ofitsbudgetonmilitaryterms

B.Morethanitscollects

C.Athirdofabilliondollarsingold

D.Lessthan25%ofitsbudgetonmilitaryterms

问题4选项

A.adictatorship

B.amonarchy

C.asinglemajorityparty

D.toomuchredtape

问题5选项

A.totalingalmost$700million

B.thatbalanceexports

C.thatarepaidbytourists

D.costing$66million

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。文章首先指出了希腊经济的不景气，人均收入低，失业严重，然而随着旅游业的发展，情况有了很大的转变，经济明显增长，因此B选项“希腊经济形势的改善”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段中“Atbestanannualincomeof$60to$70isthelotofmanya

peasant”可知许多农民的收入处于60-70美元一年，计算下来与每周少于2美元最接近，因此选B。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“Althoughmorethanonedrachma（古希腊银币）outoffourgoesfordefense”可知超过四分之一的钱用于军事方面，因此选A。

4.推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Ithasagovernmentnotdependentoncoalescingincompatiblepartiestoobtainparliamentarymajorities.”政府不依靠不相容的政党之间的合作来获得议会的多数席位，可知希腊是单一大党，因此选C

5.推理判断题。根据第一段中“FromthesendingoutofthingstheGreeks,earnonly$285million;fromtourism,shippingandtheremittancesofGreeksabroad,thecountrytakesinanadditional$375millionandthiswashesoutthealmost$400millionbywhichimportsexceedexports.”可知希腊出口额为2.85亿美元，进口额超过出口额4亿美元，那么希腊的出口额为6.7亿美元，接近7亿美元，因此选A。

3.单选题

Schoolchildrenoughttobe（）totheirparentsandteachers.

问题1选项

A.alien

B.transient

C.obedient

D.current

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项alien“外国的；相异的”；B选项transient“短暂的；路过的”；C选项obedient“服从的；孝顺的”；D选项current“现在的；最近的”。句意：学龄儿童应该……父母和老师。句中主语是Schoolchildren，由关键信息totheirparentsandteachers“对其父母和老师”要服从。因此C选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Eventoday,acenturyafterPasteurdevelopedthefirstvaccine,rabiesalmostalwayskills（

）intheearlieststagesofthedisease.

问题1选项

A.itsvictimsunlessinoculated

B.thevictimsunlessthereisaninoculation

C.thevictimsunlessinoculated

D.itsvictimsunlesstheyareinoculated

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法结构。unless后面接条件状语从句，首先排除A、C项，句意要表达的是如果受害者能接种疫苗，而不是狂犬病被接种疫苗。句意：即使在今天，巴斯德开发出第一种疫苗后的一个世纪，狂犬病几乎总能杀死受害者，除非在疾病的早期阶段接种疫苗。故B项正确。

5.单选题

（）thereason,importanttissuesrangingfromthemusclestothebrainshrinkandbecomelesscompetentwithage.

问题1选项

A.However

B.Nomatterhow

C.Whichever

D.Whatever

【答案】D

【解析】考查让步状语从句。A选项however“然而”，通常引导一个让步状语从句，从句中的形容词或副词必须紧接其后；例如：Howeverrichpeopleare，theyalwaysseemanxioustotakemoremoney.（无论人们有多富裕，他们似乎总是渴望挣到更多的钱。）；B选项nomatterhow“不管怎样，无论如何”，引导让步状语从句的用法：nomatterhow+形容词/副词+主语+谓语(+宾语）；例如：Nomatterhowexpensiveitmaybe,I’lltakeit.（无论它有多贵，我也要买下它。）；C选项whichever，“不论哪个”引导让步状语从句时，相当于nomatterwhich，其意为“无论哪个”“不管哪个”，在句中充当定语或者宾语，例如：Whicheveryouchoose,theotherswillbeoffended.（无论你选哪个，都会冒犯其余的人。）；D选项whatever，“不论什么”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于nomatterwhat，在句中充当主语或者宾语，例如：Whateveryousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.（无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。），Whatever引导让步状语从句有时可以省略从句中的be动词，例如：Whateveryourargument,Ishallholdtomydecision.（不论你怎样争辩，我还是坚持自己的决定。），本题属于省略be动词的情况，whateverthereasonis，importanttissuesrangingfromthemusclestothebrainshrinkandbecomelesscompetentwithage.句意：不管是什么原因，从肌肉到大脑的重要组织都会随着年龄的增长而萎缩，能力下降。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Nevertheless,researchersofthePleistoceneepochhavedevelopedallsortsofmoreorlessfancifulmodelschemesofhowtheywouldhavearrangedtheIceAge（

）inchargeofevents.

问题1选项

A.theyhadbeen

B.hadtheybeen

C.theyhadhavebeen

D.werethey

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒装句。If引导的虚拟条件句省略if时，谓语动词或助动词提到主语前，形成主谓倒装。题干中had提到they前面，形成部分倒装。How引导的这个句子的正常语序应该是：Iftheyhadbeeninchargeofevents,theywouldhavearrangedtheIceAgeinfancifulmodelschemes。因此B选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Healthexpertsrecommendleisurelymeals.

问题1选项

A.paidfor

B.deleted

C.gathered

D.regular

【答案】D

【解析】考查词义辨析。leisurely意为“不慌不忙的，慢悠悠的”；payfor意为“赔偿，付款，为……付出代价”；delete意为“删除”；gather意为“聚集，集合”；regular意为“规则的，有规律的”。

句意：健康专家建议从容饮食。

8.单选题

ThecompanyexpandeditsbusinessintoEurope,hopingto（）.

问题1选项

A.boost

B.encourage

C.urge

D.accelerate

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这家公司把它的业务扩展到了欧洲,希望能够增加市场份额。

考查动词辨析。Boost使增长,使兴旺,偷窃;encourage鼓励,激励;urge催促,驱策;accelerate加快,加速。空格的宾语为“itsmarketshare(市场份额)”,因此A符合句意。

9.不定项选择题

Theideahasreignedforyearsthattheagingbrain’sneuronsdieoffbyasmanyas100,000aday—takingwiththemlife’scherishedmemories.But,infactneuron-biologistssuchasAlanPetersofBostonUniversityhaveshowninrecentstudiesthat,whilebraincellsmayshrinkinoldage,theydon’tdieoffinlargenumbers.

What’smore,sayneuroscientists,it’sprimarilythebrain’s“hardware”—thebillionsoftelephone-line-likeconnectionsandrelayswitcheswhichactasprocessingequipment—thatisvulnerabletowearingoutwithage.Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.So,justasrunningthelatestsoftwareprogramonanoldcomputerwilltakemoretimeandmayinvolvesometrouble,onecarstillpossessafirst-rateintelligencewhilelosingsomecognitivespeedlaterinlife.

Whenmentalabilitiesdopasstheirpeak,memoryisn’tthefirsttogo,Powellandotherssay.It’susuallythebrain’scapacitytomakesenseofspatialrelationships—map-readingorfindingyourcaratthemall—whichmaybegintogetdifficultinyour40s.

Adecadelater,theabstractreasoningrequiredtomakeanalogiesdipsdownward.Nexttodropis“verbalmemoryafterdelay”—rememberingdetailsofastoryafterhavingturnedattentiontoothertasks.Butsomementalskills,suchastheabilitytoconcentrateorcalculatemath,seemtoremainsturdylongintooldage.And“procedural”memory—howtoplaygolforrideabike—isusuallynottouchedbyaging.

Even“common”memoryloss,however,shouldn’tbeconsiderednormal.Itcouldbetreatable.NeurologistsatHarvardarefindingthat,laterinlife,thebrainoftenproduceslessacetylcholine(乙酰胆碱),aneurotransmitterinvolvedinmemory.Tentativeresultssuggestthatdrugscouldmimicthemissingchemical.Atleastadozenothersubstancesarealsobeingstudiedaspotentialmemoryboosters.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whenweareold________.

2.Accordingtotheneuroscientists,theinformationinourmind________.

3.Theneuroscientistscompareourbrainwithcomputertoshowthat________.

4.Accordingtothepassage,atwhatagedoourbrainsworkbest?

5.Whatmighthappenwhenweareinour50s?

6.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.ourbrainneuronsdieoffveryquickly

B.ourbrainneuronsdonotdieatall

C.ourbrainneuronsmaybecomesmaller

D.ourbrainneuronstakeawayourcherishedmemories

问题2选项

A.iseasytobelostatoldages

B.doesnotchangeatoldages

C.wearsouteasilywithage

D.canbemorecomplicatedatoldages

问题3选项

A.whenpeoplegetold,theirbrainsworkslowlyasoldmachines

B.humanbeingsareasintelligentascomputers

C.thestructureofourbrainsisverycomplicated

D.agreatdealofinformationcanbestoredinourbrains

问题4选项

A.Whenweareyoungerthanthirty.

B.Whenweareaboutforty.

C.Whenweareoverfifty.

D.Whenweareveryold.

问题5选项

A.Webegintoforgetwherewehaveputourthings.

B.Webegintohavedifficultyinexplainingwhytwothingsarealike.

C.Webegintoforgetthemessagethatwehavebeentold.

D.Webegintoforgethowtooperateamachine.

问题6选项

A.HowToKeepOurMemoriesAtOldAges

B.MemoriesGoesFirstWhenWeAreOld

C.ExploringTheMythOfOurMemory

D.HowToStayMentallyAlert

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

第6题:C

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句...whilebraincellsmayshrinkinoldage,theydon’tdieoffinlargenumbers.（……虽然我们的脑细胞会在晚年萎缩，但是并不会出现大量死亡的现象）从这句可知脑细胞不会很快速地死亡，也不是不会死亡只是小范围地死亡，所以A选项“我们的脑细胞会很快的死亡”和B选项“我们的脑细胞完全不会死亡”错误；D选项“我们的脑细胞带走珍贵的会议”不符合逻辑，因为是脑细胞的死亡才会造成记忆缺失并不是脑细胞带走我们的记忆。萎缩的细胞会要比普通细胞小。所以答案是C选项“我们的脑细胞可能会变小”。

第2题:事实细节题。从题干定位到第二段倒数第二三句话Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.（大脑的“软件”——一生中装满了大脑的实际信息——并不一定会退化。如果要说有什么的话，那就是它（脑细胞）变得更加复杂了）从这句话可知储存着大脑信息的“软件”不会退化，所以“软件”里面的信息也不会轻易丢失，A选项“我们脑海的信息在老年的时候容易忘记”；B选项“我们脑海的信息在老年的时候也不会改变”C选项“我们脑海的信息在老年的时候容易磨损”错误；D选项“我们脑海的信息在老年的时候会变得复杂”正确。

第3题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段前面三句话it’sprimarilythebrain’s“hardware”—thebillionsoftelephone-line-likeconnectionsandrelayswitcheswhichactasprocessingequipment—thatisvulnerabletowearingoutwithage.Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.（主要是大脑的“硬件”——数十亿充当处理设备的像电话线一样的连接和继电器开关（的细胞）——很容易随着年龄的增长而磨损。大脑的“软件”——在一生中装满了大脑的实际信息——并不一定会退化。如果要说有什么的话，那就是它（脑细胞）变得更加复杂了。）随着年龄的增长脑细胞里储藏的信息变得复杂了，但是处理信息的细胞却随着年龄的增长老化，这一现象就很像一台旧电脑运行着最新的软件，所以A选项“当人们变老之后，我们大脑的工作会如同一台旧电脑般运行得缓慢”正确。B选项“人类像电脑一样聪明”，这个说法不符合我们生活逻辑；C选项“我们大脑结构非常复杂”和D选项“大量信息可以储存在我们脑海中”文章没有提及。

第4题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段Whenmentalabilitiesdopasstheirpeak,memoryisn’tthefirsttogo,Powellandotherssay.It’susuallythebrain’scapacitytomakesenseofspatialrelationships—map-readingorfindingyourcaratthemall—whichmaybegintogetdifficultinyour40s.（鲍威尔和其他生物学家说，当脑力达到顶峰时，记忆力并不是最先消失的。（最先消失的）通常是大脑理解空间关系的能力——看地图或在商场里找到你的车——在你40多岁的时候，这可能开始变得困难。）从beginto（开始）这个关键词可知40岁的时候，我们的大脑开始走下坡路了，所以40岁时，我们大脑就处于巅峰状态，因而答案选B。

第5题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第四段第二句话Adecadelater,theabstractreasoningrequiredtomakeanalogiesdipsdownward.（十年后，进行类比所需要的抽象推理能力下降了。）分析两件事的异同需要我们的抽象逻辑能力，所以B选项“我们解释某两件事的相似之处开始变得困难”正确，定位到最后一段第一句话Even“common”memoryloss,however,shouldn’tbeconsiderednormal.Itcouldbetreatable.（然而，即使是“普通的”失忆也不应该被视为正常。它是可以治疗的。）失忆不是正常现象而且是可以治愈的，而A选项“我们开始忘记把东西放哪了”，C选项“我们开始忘记别人告诉我们的信息”，D选项“我们开始忘记怎么操作机械了”，这些都是关于失忆的现象的，所以A，C，D不选。

第6题:主旨大意题。文章全文都是在客观地描述我们脑细胞随着年龄的增长会出现什么情况，没有告诉我们应该去什么措施，所以A选项“怎么在老年的时候保持记忆”，以及D选项“怎样保持机警”不选。B选项“当我们老了，记忆排在第一位”虽然文中有提及，但是不是主题，而且这句话和文章内容相对的，所以排除。文章内容是根据记忆来展开的，第一段以人们的错觉开头，然后介绍了生物学家相关的实验验证脑细胞和记忆的关系，然后描述随着年龄的增长，记忆出现什么样的情况，所以答案选C选项“探寻我们记忆之谜”。

10.单选题

4.

问题1选项

A.Fullnessinthestomach.

B.Occasionalstomachache.

C.Stomachdistention.

D.Frequentbelches.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Howlonghaveyoubeenhavingthisproblem?

W:ItstartedinJune,soformorethan5monthsnow.Mystomachhurtsaftersomemealsbutnotalways.

Q:Whatdoesthewomancomplainof?

【解析】推断题。女士说：Mystomachhurtsaftersomemealsbutnotalways（进食后胃部会有疼痛的时候，但并非常态）。

11.单选题

Tothegreatdisappointmentofthepublic,thewantedinthemurdercasesofarremains（）.

问题1选项

A.inprison

B.infreedom

C.atease

D.atlarge

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。inprison“坐牢”；infreedom“自由”；atease“安逸；自由自在”；atlarge“详尽的；未被捕的”。前半句提到“公众非常失望”，由此可推测是杀人犯还没有落网，因此选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

Thehumancriterionforperfectvisionis20/20forreadingthestandardlinesonaSnelleneyechartwithoutahitch.Thescoreisdeterminedbyhowwellyoureadlinesoflettersofdifferentsizesfrom20feetaway.Butbeingabletoreadthebottomlineontheeyechartdoesnotapproximateperfectionasfarasotherspeciesareconcerned.Mostbirdswouldconsiderusveryvisuallyhandicapped.Thehawk,forinstance,hassuchsharpeyesthatitcanspotadimeeathesidewalkwhileperchedonthetopoftheEmpireStateBuilding.Itcanmakefinevisualdistinctionsbecauseitisblessedwithonemillionconespersquaremillimeterinitsretina.Andinwater,humansarefar-sighted,whilethekingfisher,swoopingdowntospearfish,canseewellinbothairandwaterbecauseitisendowedwithtwofoveae-areasoftheeye,consistingmostlyofcones,thatprovidevisualdistinctions.Onefoveaepermitsthebird,whileintheairtoscanthewaterbelowwithoneeyeatatime.Thisiscalledmonocularvision.Onceithitsthewater,theotherfoveajoinsin,allowingthekingfishertofocusbatheye,likebinoculars,onitpreyatthesametime.Afrogsvisionisdistinguishedbyitsabilitytoperceivethingsasaconstantmotionpicture.Knownas"bugdetectors",ahighlydevelopedsetofcellsinafrog'seyesrespondsmainlytomovingobjects.So,itissaidthatafrogsittinginafieldofdeadbugswouldn’tseethemasfoodandwouldstarve.

Thebeehasa“compound’’eye,whichisusedfornavigation.Ithas15,000facet,thatdividewhatitseenintoapatternofdots,ormosaic.Withthiskindofvision,thebeeseesthesunonlyasconstantlymeasurestheangleofitslineoffightinrelationtothesun.Abee's'eyealsogaugesflightspeed.Andifthatisnotenoughtoleaveour20/20“perfectvision,palingintoinsignificance,thebeeiscapableofseeingsomethingwecan't-ultravioletlight.Thus,whathumansconsidertobe"perfectvision"isinfactratherlimitedwhenwelookatotherspecies.However,thereisstillmuchtobesaidforthehumaneye.Ofallthemammals,onlyhumansandsomeprimatescanenjoythepleasureofcolorvision.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whymightbirdsandanimalsconsiderhumansveryvisuallyhandicapped?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.Theword"that”inline10referto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Eyevariationamongdifferentspecies

B.Limitsofthehumaneye

C.Perfectvision

D.Differenteyesfordifferentuses

问题2选项

A.Humanscan'tseeverywellineitherairorwater.

B.Humanseyesarenotaswellsuitedtoourneeds.

C.Themainoutstandingfeatureofhumaneyesiscolorvision.

D.Humaneyescan'tdowhattheireyescan.

问题3选项

A.Kingfishershavemonocularvision.

B.Hawkseyesconsistmostlyofconesthatcanallowittoscanwithoneeyeatatime.

C.Humansarefarsightedinwater.

D.Beesseepatternsofdots.

问题4选项

A.Foveae

B.Areasoftheeye

C.Cones

D.Visualdistinction

问题5选项

A.Eyeshavedevelopeddifferentlyineachspecies

B.Beeshavethemostcomplexeyes

C.Humansshouldnotenvywhattheydon'tneed

D.Perfectvisionisnotperfect.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.试题解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段提到人类的视力与其他物种相比，并不是完美的，紧接着列举了几种不同动物的眼睛及其视力特征；第二段主要介绍了动物“蜜蜂”的眼睛特征，简要提到了只有人类和一些灵长类动物才能享受彩色视觉的乐趣。因此本文主要是介绍不同的眼睛有不同的用途，选D。

2.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Butbeingabletoreadthebottomlineontheeyechartdoesnotapproximateperfectionasfarasotherspeciesareconcerned.Mostbirdswouldconsiderusveryvisuallyhandicapped.（但是，对其他物种来说，能够读懂眼图上的底线并不能接近完美。大多数鸟类会认为我们视力很差）可知人类的视力比其他动物的视力要差，具有局限性，因此选D。

3.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的whilethekingfisher...Onefoveaepermitsthebird,whileintheairtoscanthewaterbelowwithoneeyeatatime.（然而翠鸟……其中一个凹窝允许飞翔在空中的翠鸟不吋用一只眼瞳扫视水面的情况）可知B选项不是鹰眼的特征，而是翠鸟眼睛的特征，题干中问的是“NOTtrue”，因此选B。

4.词义题。根据题干信息“"that”inline10”定位至文章第一段中，由Andinwater,humansarefar-sighted,whilethekingfisher,swoopingdowntospearfish,canseewellinbothairandwaterbecauseitisendowedwithtwofoveae-areasoftheeye,consistingmostlyofcones,thatprovidevisualdistinctions.（在水里，人类是远视的，而俯冲到水里捉鱼的翠鸟在水上和水下都能看清景物，因为它的眼睛里有两凹窝区域，这两个凹窝主要由具有视觉分辨能力的圆锥细胞组成）可知句中的“that”为关系代词，修饰前面的先行词“cones”，引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，因此选C。

5.推理判断题。本文主要介绍了人类眼睛的特点以及鹰、翠鸟、青蛙、蜜蜂这几种不同动物的眼睛特征与视力，因此A选项“每一物种的眼睛都有不同的发育”符合题意。

13.单选题

Ifyou（

）throughabookormagazine,youlookthroughitinacasualway.

问题1选项

A.brew

B.brood

C.bruise

D.browse

【答案】D

【解析】句意:随意地翻看书籍杂志，其实就是浏览。

考查动词辨析。Brew酿制(啤酒),沏(茶),煮(咖啡);brood焦虑,忧思(使人厌烦、担忧或不安的事);bruise(使)出现伤痕,撞伤;browse(在商店里)随便看看,浏览,翻阅。因此D符合句意。

14.单选题

（）youpromiseyouwillworkhard,（）supportyoutocollege.

问题1选项

A.Ifonly...willI

B.Only...Iwill

C.Onlyif...willI

D.Onlyif...Iwill、

【答案】C

【解析】考查语法知识。观察第一空的选项，ifonly“只要；但愿”后面一般用虚拟语气；onlyif“只有”后用倒装。再综合题干可判定此题使用倒装句结构。因此C选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Prehistoricpeoplemadepaintsbygrindingcoloredmaterials（

）intopowderandaddingwater.

问题1选项

A.ifvegetationandclay

B.howvegetationandclay

C.thatvegetationandclayare

D.suchasvegetationandclay

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。分析选项可知vegetationandclay（植物和泥土）属于coloredmaterials，所以空格处所填单词应该是对有色材料的举例，故D项正确。句意：史前的人们通过将彩色材料诸如植被和黏土研成粉末再加水的方式来制作绘画颜料。

16.单选题

Clearlyifwearetoparticipateinthesocietyinwhichwelive,wemustcommunicatewithotherpeople.Agreatdealofcommunicatingisperformedonaperson-to-personbasisbythesimplemeansofspeech.Ifwetravelinbuses,buythingsinshops,oreatinrestaurants,wearelikelytohaveconversationswherewegiveinformationoropinions,receivenewsorcomment,andverylikelyhaveourviewschallengedbyothermembersofsociety.

Face-to-facecontactisbynomeanstheonlyformofcommunication,andduringthelasttwohundredyearstheartofmasscommunicationhasbecomeoneofthedominatingfactorsofcontemporarysociety.Twothings,aboveothers,havecausedtheenormousgrowthofthecommunicationindustry.Firstly,inventivenesshasledtoadvancesinprinting,telecommunications,photography,radioandtelevision.Secondly,speedhasrevolutionizedthetransmissionandreceptionofcommunicationssothatlocalnewsoftentakesabackseattonationalnews,whichitselfisoftenalmosteclipsedbyinternationalnews.

Nolongeristhepossessionofinformationconfinedtoaprivilegedminority.Inthelastcentury,thewealthymanwithhisownlibrarywasindeedfortunate,buttodaytherearepubliclibraries.Fortyyearsago,peopleusedtoflocktothecinema,butnowfarmorepeoplesitathomeandturnontheTVtowatchaprogrammethatisbeingchanneledintomillionsofhomes.

Communicationisnolongermerelyconcernedwiththetransmissionofinformation.Themoderncommunicationindustryinfluencesthewaypeopleliveinsocietyandbroadenstheirhorizonsbyallowingaccesstoinformation,educationandentertaining.Theprinting,broadcastingandadvertisingindustriesareallinvolvedwithinforming,educatingandentertaining.

Althoughagreatdealofthematerialcommunicatedbythemassmediaisveryvaluabletotheindividualandtothesocietyofwhichheisapart,thevastmodernnetworkofcommunicationsisopentoabuse.However,themassmediaarewithusforbetter,forworse,andthereisnoturningback.

1.Inthefirstparagraphthewriteremphasizesthe（

）offace-to-facecontactinsocialsettings.

2.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

4.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthatthewriteris（

）.

问题1选项

A.nature

B.limitation

C.usefulness

D.creativity

问题2选项

A.localnewsusedtobetheonlysourceofinformation

B.localnewsstilltakesasignificantplace

C.nationalnewsisbecomingmorepopular

D.internationalnewsisthefastesttransmittednews

问题3选项

A.Topossessinformationusedtobeaprivilege.

B.Publiclibrarieshavereplacedprivatelibraries.

C.Communicationmeansmorethantransmission.

D.Informationinfluenceswaysoflifeandthinking.

问题4选项

A.indifferenttoharmfulinfluenceofthemassmedia

B.happyaboutthedrasticchangesinthemassmedia

C.pessimisticaboutthefutureofthemassmedia

D.concernedaboutthewronguseofthemassmedia

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“第一段作者强调的是面对面交流在社会场景中的……”。文章第一段提到如果我们要参与到所生活的社会中去的话，必须与他人交流，无论是做公车去旅行，在商店里买东西，去餐馆里吃饭都需要给他人提供自己的信息或者观点，接收新闻或评论，以上这些都说明了面对面交流在社会生活中的作用，因此选项C符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章暗示了……”。文章第二段最后一句提到信息传播的速度已经彻底改变了通信的传输和接收方式，以至于地方新闻常常被置于国家新闻之后，而国家新闻又被国际新闻所淹没（Secondly,speedhasrevolutionizedthetransmissionandreceptionofcommunicationssothatlocalnewsoftentakesabackseattonationalnews,whichitselfisoftenalmosteclipsedbyinternationalnews），由此可知选项D“国际新闻传播地最快”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“下列哪项是错误的”。文章第三段第一句话提到“信息不再是少数人的专属”（Nolongeristhepossessionofinformationconfinedtoaprivilegedminority），由此可知选项A说法正确，排除；文章第四段第一句提到“通信不仅仅涉及信息的传递”（Communicationisnolongermerelyconcernedwiththetransmissionofinformation），由此可知选项C说法正确，排除；文章第四段第二句提到“现代通信产业影响着人们的社会生活方式，并通过信息、教育和娱乐来拓宽人们的视野”（Themoderncommunicationindustryinfluencesthewaypeopleliveinsocietyandbroadenstheirhorizonsbyallowingaccesstoinformation,educationandentertaining），由此可知选项D的说法正确，排除。综上，选项B符合题意。

4.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章最后一段，我们可以推测作者……”。文章最后一段提到虽然大众传媒的发展对个人和社会都有很大价值，但是庞大的现代传播网络很容易被泛滥（thevastmodernnetworkofcommunicationsisopentoabuse），由此可以看出作者对于滥用大众媒体表示担忧，选项D符合题意。

17.翻译题

Throughouthistorynewtechnologieshaverevolutionizedwarfare,sometimesabruptly,sometimesonlygradually:thinkofgunpowder,aircraft,radarandnuclearfission.Soithasbeenwithinforma-tiontechnology.ComputersandtheinternethavetransformedeconomiesandgivenWesternarmiesgreatadvantages,suchastheabilitytosendremotelypilotedaircraftacrosstheworldtogatherintelli-genceandattacktargets.(1).Butthespreadofdigitaltechnologycomesatacost:itexposesarmiesandsocietiestodigitalattack.Somescenarios(电影)imaginethealmostinstantaneousfailureofthesystemsthatkeepthe

modern

worldturning.Ascomputernetworkscollapse,factoriesandchemicalplantsexplode,satellitesspinoutofcontrolandthefinancialandpowergridsfail.Cyberspacehasbecomethefifthdomainofwarfare,afterland,sea,airandspace.

ThecyberattacksonEstoniain2007andonGeorgiain2008(thelatterstrangelyhappenedtocoincidewiththeadvanceofRussiantroopsacrosstheCaucasus)arewidelyassumedtohavebeendi-rectedbytheKremlin(克里姆林宫),buttheycouldbetracedonlytoRussiancyber-criminals.ManyofthecomputersusedintheattackbelongedtoinnocentAmericanswhosePCshadbeenhi-jacked.CompaniessuspectChinaoforganizingmini-raidstoransackWesternknow-how:butitcouldjusthaveeasilybeenWesterncriminals,computer-hackersshowingoffordisillusionedformeremploy-ees.(2).OnereasonwhyWesterngovernmentshaveuntilrecentlybeenreticentaboutcyber-espio-nage（间谍）issurelybecausetheyaredabhandsatit,too.

Cyber-weaponsarebeingdevelopedsecretly,withoutdiscussionofhowandwhentheymightbeused.（3）.Ifcyberarms-controlistoAmerica’sadvantage，itwouldbewisetoshadesuchaccords（协议）whileitstillhastheupperhandincyberspace.Inthemeantime，however,countriesshouldagreeonmodestaccords,orevenjustinformal“rulesoftheroad”thatwouldraisethepoliticalcostofcy-ber-attacks.Perhapstherecouldbeadealtopreventthecrude“denial-of-service”assaultsthatbroughtdownEstonianandGeorgianwebsiteswithamassofbogus（伪造的）requestsforinforma-tion；NATOandtheEuropeanUnioncouldmakeitclearthatattacksincyberspace,asintherealworld,willprovokearesponse:theUNorsignatoriesoftheGenevaConventionscoulddeclarethatcyber-attacksoncivilianfacilitiesare,likephysicalattackswithbombandbullet,outofboundsinwar；richcountriescouldexerteconomicpressureonstatesthatdonotadoptmeasurestofightonlinecriminals.Countriesshouldbeencouragedtospellouttheirmilitarypoliciesincyberspace,asAmeri-cadoesfornuclearweapons,missiledefenseandspace.（4）.Andtherecouldbeaninternationalcen-tretomonitorcyber-attacks,oraninternationaldutytoassistcountriesundercyber-attacks,regard-lessofthenationalityormotiveoftheattacker—akintothedutyofshipstohelpmariners（水手）indistress.

Theinternetisnota“commons”,butanetworkofnetworks