考研考博-英语-厦门演艺职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门演艺职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Freddoesn’tlikewhitecoffee,nordoesheliketoputcreamonhisstrawberries,becauseheprefersthem______.

问题1选项

A.natural

B.plain

C.simple

D.ordinary

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.natural自然的；天然的B.plain朴素的；简单的

C.simple简单的D.ordinary普通的；平常的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】按照主句内容“弗雷德不喜欢加牛奶的咖啡，也不喜欢在草莓上加奶油”可推知，他喜欢吃原滋原味的食物，plain可以表示食物等素净、清淡的，所以该题选择B项恰当。

【干扰项排除】

A项、D项不符合句意；

C项指人或事物拥有他们所需要的所有基本或必要的东西，或者某件事物易于理解，不符合语境。

【句意】弗雷德不喜欢加牛奶的咖啡，也不喜欢在草莓上加奶油，因为他喜欢原味的食物。

2.翻译题

Humorhasbeenwelldefinedas“thinkinginfunwhilefeelinginearnest”.TheEnglishdonotapproachlifeintellectually;theydonotdemandthatitshallconformtosomerigidmentalplan;theyarenotconvincedthattheuniversecanbepenetratedbythought;theyarewillingtogotowork,eitherinpoliticsorart,withoutatheorytosustainthem;andwhentheyaremorepracticalthanotherraces,itisnot-asthoseracesfrequentlyconclude—becausetheyarecoldlyclear-sightedandunimaginative,butbecausetheydonotbusythemselvesaskingreasontofindakeywheninstincthasalreadyshownthemthatthedooriswideopen.

【答案】幽默能被很好地定义为“一边诚挚地感受，一边有趣地思考”。英国人不肯理智地对待生活。他们不要求人生必须符合某种死板的计划，他们也不相信宇宙会被透彻地思考研究。他们愿意在没有理论支持的情况下从事政治或艺术工作。并且当他们比别的民族更实际的时候，事实并不是因为他们能只有头脑冷静、缺乏想象力像别的民族得出的结论那样，而是因为当本能已经告诉他们门是打开的时候，他们没有忙着让理性去找出钥匙。

3.单选题

IncolonialAmerica,peoplegenerallycoveredtheirbedswithdecorativequiltsresemblingthoseofthelandsfromwhichthequittershadcome.WealthyandsociallyprominentsettlersmadequiltsoftheEnglishtype,cutfromlargelengthsofclothofthesamecolorandtextureratherthanstitchedtogetherfromsmallerpieces.TheymadetheseuntiltheadventoftheRevolutionaryWarin1775,wheneverythingEnglishcametobefrownedupon.

Amongthewhole-clothquiltsmadebythesewealthysettlersduringtheearlyperiodarethosenowcalledlinsey-woolseys.Thistermwasusuallyappliedtoafabricofwoolandlinenusedinheavyclothingandquiltedpetticoatsworninthewintertime.Despitethename,linsey-woolseybedcoversdidnotoftencontainlinen.Rather,theyweremadeofatoplayerofwoolenorglazedworstedwoolfabric,consistingofsmooth,compactyarnfromlongwoolfiberdyeddarkblue,green,orbrownwithabottomlayerofacoarserwoolenmaterial,eithernaturalorashadeofyellow.Thefillingwasasoftlayerofwoolwhichhadbeencleanedandseparatedandthethreelayerswereheldtogetherwithdecorativestitchingdonewithhomespunlinenthread.Later,cottonthreadwasusedforthispurpose.Thedesignofthestitchingwasoftenasimpleonecomposedofinterlockingcirclesorcrosseddiagonallinesgivingadiamondpattern.

Thistypeofheavy,warm,quiltedbedcoverwassolargethatithungtothefloor.Thecomersarecutoutatthefootofthecoversothatthequiltfitsnuglyaroundthetallfour-poster,bedsofthe1700s,whichdifferedfromthoseoftodayinthattheywereshorterandwider;theywereshortbecausepeoplesleptinasemi-sittingpositionwithmanybolstersorpillows,andwide,becauseeachbedoftensleptthreeormore.Thelinsey-woolseycoveringwasfoundinthecolderregionsofthecountrybecauseofthewarmthitafforded.Therewasnocentralheatingandmostbedroomsdidnothavefireplaces.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?

2.TheauthormentionstheRevolutionaryWarasatimeperiodwhen（

）.

3.Thequiltsdescribedinthesecondandthirdparagraphsweremadeprimarilyof（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthatthesleepinghabitsofmostAmericanshavechangedsincethe1700sinallthefollowingwaysEXCEPT

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingwasmostlikelytobefoundinabedroominthecolderareasoftheAmericancolonies?

问题1选项

A.Theprocessingofwool

B.Linsey-woolseybedcovers

C.SleepinghabitsofcolonialAmericans

D.QuiltsmadeinEngland

问题2选项

A.quiltsweresuppliedtothearmy

B.moreimmigrantsarrivedfromEngland

C.quiltsimportedfromEnglandbecamehardertofind

D.people'sattitudestowardEnglandchanged

问题3选项

A.wool

B.linen

C.cotton

D.amixtureoffabrics

问题4选项

A.thepositioninwhichpeoplesleep

B.thenumbersofbolstersorpillowspeoplesleepon

C.thelengthoftimepeoplesleep

D.thenumberofpeoplewhosleepinonebed

问题5选项

A.Alinsey-woolsey

B.Aventfromacentralhealingsystem

C.Afireplace

D.Awoodstove

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，原文第一段首先介绍了什么是被褥，接下来的段落则是具体介绍其中的一种——Linsey-woolsey。所以选项B正确。

2.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“TheymadetheseuntiltheadventoftheRevolutionaryWarin1775,wheneverythingEnglishcametobefrownedupon.”直到1775年革命战争爆发，人们对来自英国的一切都不赞成。也就是说，人们对英国的态度改变了。选项D符合原文。

3.推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“Despitethename,linsey-woolseybedcoversdidnotoftencontainlinen.Rather,theyweremadeofatoplayerofwoolenorglazedworstedwoolfabric...”尽管有这个名字，linsey-woolsey床单通常并不包含亚麻。相反，它们是由一层羊毛或光滑的精纺毛织物制成的……由此可知，其主要成分是羊毛，选项A正确。

4.事实细节题。根据第三段第二句“theywereshortbecausepeoplesleptinasemi-sittingpositionwithmanybolstersorpillows,andwide,becauseeachbedoftensleptthreeormore.”它们短是因为人们以半坐的姿势睡觉，有许多支撑物或枕头；宽是因为每张床通常睡三个人或更多。由此可知，选项A，B，D均有提及，只有选项C不正确。

5.事实细节题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Thelinsey-woolseycoveringwasfoundinthecolderregionsofthecountrybecauseofthewarmthitafforded.”由于它所提供的温暖，人们在该国较冷的地区发现了这种类似羊毛的覆盖物。所以选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Theyarealsocontactingthemilitarytoaidinthe______ofthecallingcardsandcellphones.

问题1选项

A.attribution

B.distribution

C.contribution

D.tuition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项attribution“归因，属性”，B项distribution“分布，分配”，C项contribution“贡献”，D项tuition“学费，讲授”。根据句子意思“他们还联系了军方，帮助……电话卡和手机”可知，A、D选项不符合语境；inthedistributionof表示“在……方面分配/分发”符合句子语义。句意：他们还与军方联系，帮助分发电话卡和手机。因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.单选题

Inthecompetitivemodel—theeconomyofmanysellerseachwithasmallshareofthetotalmarket—therestraintontheprivateexerciseofeconomicpowerwasprovidedbyotherfirmsonthesamesideofthemarket.Itwastheeagernessofcompetitorstosell,notthecomplaintsofbuyers,thatsavedthelatterfromspoliation.Itwasassumed,nodoubtaccurately,thatthenineteenth-centurytextilemanufacturerwhooverchargedforhisproductwouldpromptlylosehismarkettoanothermanufacturerwhodidnot.Ifallmanufacturersfoundthemselvesinapositionwheretheycouldexploitastrongdemand,andmarkuptheirpricesaccordingly,therewouldsoonbeaninflowofnewcompetitors.Theresultingincreaseinsupplywouldbringpricesandprofitsbacktonormal.

Aswiththesellerwhowastemptedtousehiseconomicpoweragainstthecustomer,sowiththebuyerwhowastemptedtouseitagainsthislabororsuppliers,themanwhopaidlessthantheprevailingwagewouldlosehislaborforcetothosewhopaidtheworkerhisfull(marginal)contributiontotheearningsofthefirm.Inallcasestheincentivetosociallydesirablebehaviorwasprovidedbythecompetitor.Itwastothesamesideofthemarket—therestraintofsellersbyothersellersandofbuyersbyotherbuyers,inotherwordstocompetition—thateconomistscametolookfortheself-regulatorymechanismsoftheeconomy.

Theyalsocametolooktocompetitionexclusivelyandinformal;theorystilldo.Thenotionthattheremightbeanotherregulatorymechanismintheeconomyhadbeenalmostcompletelyexcludedfromeconomicthought.Thus,withthewidespreaddisappearanceofcompetitioninitsclassicalfromanditsreplacementbythesmallgroupoffirmsifnotinovert,atleastinconventionalortacit,collusion,itwaseasytosupposethatsincecompetitionhaddisappeared,alleffectiverestraintonprivatepowerhaddisappeared.Indeed,thisconclusionwasallbutinevitableifnosearchwasmadeforotherrestraints,andsocompletewasthepreoccupationwithcompetitionthatnonewasmade.

Infact,newrestraintsonprivatepowerdidappeartoreplacecompetition.Theywerenurturedbythesameprocessofconcentrationwhichimpairedordestroyedcompetition.Buttheyappearednotonthesamesideofthemarketbutontheoppositeside,notwithcompetitorsbutwithcustomersorsuppliers.ItwillbeconvenienttohaveanameforthiscounterpartofcompetitionandIshallcallitcountervailingpower.

Tobeginwithabroadandsomewhattoodogmaticallystatedproposition,privateeconomicpowerisheldincheckbythecountervailingpowerofthosewhoaresubjecttoit.Thefirstbegetsthesecond.Thelongtrendtowardconcentrationofindustrialenterpriseinthehandsofarelativelyfewfirmshasbroughtintoexistencenotonlystrongsellers,aseconomistshavesupposed,butalsostrongbuyers,afacttheyhavefailedtosee.Thetwodeveloptogether,notinprecisestep,butinsuchmannerthattherecanbenodoubtthattheoneisinresponsetotheother.

21.Theword“spoliation”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans（）.

22.Howiseconomicpowerappliedwhenamanufacturerwantstohiremoreworkers?

23.Economistsdidn’tsearchforotherrestraintsotherthancompetitionbecause（）.

24.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofothereconomists’predictionabouttheoutcomesofconcentration?

25.Thepassagemainlydiscussesabout（）.

问题1选项

A.loot

B.spoil

C.restraint

D.agitation

问题2选项

A.Heoffersthemwelfarefunds.

B.Hepaysthemaccordingtotheirwork.

C.Heprovidesfreeboardandlodging.

D.Hegivesthemchancesofgettingpromoted.

问题3选项

A.theysolelyfocusedoncompetition

B.theyhadnoideaofotherrestraints

C.theyhadmoreinterestincompetition

D.otherrestraintswereoflittleimportance

问题4选项

A.Theyhavemadewildpredictions.

B.Theyfailedtoseetheriseofmerger.

C.Theyforesawtheappearanceofstrongbuyers.

D.Theirsuppositionwaspartiallytrue.

问题5选项

A.business

B.buyersandsellers

C.businessmodel

D.economicpower

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】21.语义题。根据题干信息将信息点定位到原文第一段。根据下文“…wouldpromptlylosehismarkettoanothermanufacturerwhodidnot（会很快把市场拱手让给另一家没有这么做的制造商）”“…exploitastrongdemand,andmarkuptheirpricesaccordingly（利用强劲的需求，相应地抬高价格）”即可得出本题答案。

22.

事实细节题。根据题干信息将信息点定位至原文第二段第一句。“Aswiththesellerwhowastemptedtousehiseconomicpoweragainstthecustomer,sowiththebuyerwhowastemptedtouseitagainsthislabororsuppliers,themanwhopaidlessthantheprevailingwagewouldlosehislaborforcetothosewhopaidtheworkerhisfull(marginal)contributiontotheearningsofthefirm.（对于那些想要用他的经济实力来对付顾客的卖方，同样对于想要用经济实力来对付他的劳动力或供应商的买方，支付低于当时工资的人将会失去他的实验室，或者被迫接受那些向工人支付他对公司收入的全部（边际）贡献的人。）”即可得出本题答案。

23.细节事实题。根据题干信息将信息点定位至原文第三段第一句。根据“Theyalsocametolooktocompetitionexclusivelyandinformal;theorystilldo.（他们也开始只关注正式的竞争；理论仍然如此。）”即可得出本题答案。

24.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“othereconomists’prediction”“theoutcomesofconcentration”可将信息点定位至原文最后一段第三句。根据“Thelongtrendtowardconcentrationofindustrialenterpriseinthehandsofarelativelyfewfirmshasbroughtintoexistencenotonlystrongsellers,aseconomistshavesupposed,butalsostrongbuyers,afacttheyhavefailedtosee.（长期以来，工业企业集中在相对较少的公司手中的趋势，不仅像经济学家所认为的那样，带来了强劲的卖方，也带来了强劲的买方，这是他们没有看到的事实。）”即可得出本题答案。

25.

主旨大意题。通读全文即可发现作者全篇谈论的皆是商业方面的内容。从而得出本题答案。

6.单选题

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoulthequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking，sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking'sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographersoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountis“authentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject.Thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographersalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell“the”storyofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho（

）.

2.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

4.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause

（

）.

5.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

问题1选项

A.knowsthesubjectverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

B.isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

C.isindependentandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

D.possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

问题2选项

A.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects’lives

C.thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfigures

D.biographiescanseverdifferentpurposes

问题3选项

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject

C.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

D.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

问题4选项

A.itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

B.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject’sprivatelife

C.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntotheoutsiders

D.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject’scharacter

问题5选项

A.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

B.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiography

D.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章首句指出:Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject(传记作家必须与主人公保持适当距离，并要时常调整与主人公之间的距离).故选A“既要比较了解，又要保持一定距离”。

2.判断推理题。题干关键词ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBible前面所在句为:Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographersoftenrevealademocraticmotive(当主人公是英雄或著名人物吋，传记作者常常会流露出民主的动机)以及Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus(其它一些传记则有意要改变我们)。可知选择D“传记可以有不同的目的”。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段内容可知传记作家和主人公的关系太近太远都不好;第二段第一句指出:Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask(要完成这一任务，没有最佳位罝);最后一段最后一句:Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell“the”storyofalife(我们直觉地意识到没有人能够讲述完整的人生故事)。故选C“没人能写出完美传记”。

4.细节事实题。最后一段指出:the“unauthorized”characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress(未经授权的传记通常意味着读者有可能从中读到主人公不希望公之于众的刺激的八卦消息),因此选B“包含有关主人公私生活的有趣的信息”。

5.主旨大意题。文章指出:传记作家在与主人公关系太近太远都不好。无论传记作者如何描述，都不能完完全全展示人物的真实生活。因此选A“传记作者很难选准最佳角度去写作”。

7.单选题

Agoodeducationisan（

）youcanfallbackonfortherestofyourlife.

问题1选项

A.asset

B.ethic

C.inventory

D.obligation

【答案】A

【解析】句意:好的教育是你余生能依靠的资产。

考查名词辨析。Asset资产,优点,有利条件;ethic道德准则,伦理标准;inventory清单,财产清单,(商店的)存货;obligation义务,职责,责任。因此A符合句意。

8.单选题

BarackObamarevsupontheenvironmentbylettingstatessetcar-emissionsstandards.

问题1选项

A.landsup

B.botchesup

C.startsup

D.sharksup

【答案】C

【解析】考查近义短语辨析。A选项landup“到达终点；最终成为；使淤塞”；B选项botchup“搞坏；弄糟”；C选项startup“开始；发动；突然站起；突然出现”；D选项sharkup“敲诈”。句意：巴拉克•奥巴马（BarackObama）通过让各州设定汽车排放标准来加速环境保护。revup“使更活跃；使快转；加速”。与该词组意思最接近的是C选项，因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Ithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatthesizeoftheuniverse（

）ourimagination.

问题1选项

A.transforms

B.transfers

C.transpires

D.transcends

【答案】D

【解析】transform改变，转化；transfer转移，移交；transpire蒸发，泄露；transcend胜过，超越。句意：人们普遍认为宇宙的大小超出了我们的想象。选项D符合句意。

10.单选题

TheAmericansocietyis（

）anexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresourceswhichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.

问题1选项

A.establishedon

B.affiliatedto

C.originatedfrom

D.incorporatedwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。（be）establishedon“建立在……之上”。句意：美国社会是建立在一种极其不稳固的自然资源基础上的，这与可能恶化的环境有联系。结合此处语义，A选项正确。

11.单选题

Abroadcastingstationwillsometimes（）toitslistenersaprogrammewhichithasreceivedfromanotherstation.

问题1选项

A.rely

B.relay

C.relate

D.reside

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。rely“依靠”；relay“转播”；relate“联系”；reside“居住，留守”。句意:有时候一个广播电台会将其所收到的其他电台的节目转播给听众。选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoon（季风）fromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,

continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciations（冰蚀）hadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandflora（动植物）multiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking”intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys;withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan’’tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcoldandpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous（一妻多夫制）societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplandswhichpermittedno

experimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvivalformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved（insofarasithasbeen）bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe"unusualtraitsorsituations"referredtointhefirstsentence?

2.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

3.Theauthor'sknowledgeofTibetisprobably（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationscanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

问题1选项

A.Patternsofanimalandplantgrowth

B.FoodandfoodpreparationpatternsoftheuplandTibetans.

C.SocialandfamilialorganizationoftypicalTibetansociety.

D.Alloftheabove

问题2选项

A.analyzethepossiblecausallinksbetweenTibetanecologyandsociety.

B.describethesocialorganizationoftypicalTibetanvillages.

C.describeTibetanfaunaandflora.

D.analyzethemysteriesofthesuddenappearanceoftheHimalayas.

问题3选项

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultoflifelongstudies.

C.derivedfrombooksonly

D.limitedtogeologicalhistory

问题4选项

A.Allregionshavedifferentsoilsandthus,differentcultures

B.Someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

问题5选项

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates.

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent.

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent.

D.arefoundinlandmassthatusedtobeaseparatecontinent.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。A项(动植物生长模式),B项(高原藏族的食物和食物准备模式),C项(典型藏族社会的社会家庭组织)都是文中提到的不寻常的特征或情况。

2.主旨大意题。文章主要是分析了一妻多夫制的社会体制及其形成的生态原因。

3.推断题。文章中作者引用了Montesquieu,Armand等人的观点,由此推测作者对西藏的知识应该是从书本中获得。

4.细节题。由第一段得知Montesquieu认为如果同一地区的土壤和气候相同，那么其文化也应该相同。故选C。

5.细节题。第三段指出:Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies(因此，在冰河期结束后，只有少数现存于原始大陆物种生命),故选A。

13.单选题

Althoughshescrubbedtheoldpotthoroughly,shecouldnotmakeitlookcompletelyclean.

问题1选项

A.disinfected

B.scratched

C.rinsed

D.scoured

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。横线单词scrubbed意为“用力擦洗；使净化”；A选项“disinfected”意为“将……消毒”；B选项“scratched”意为“抓；刮；挖出；乱涂”；C选项“rinsed”意为“（用清水）冲洗，漂净”；D选项“scoured”意为“（用粗糙的物体）擦净，洗涤；冲洗，清除”。句意：虽然她已经彻底地擦洗那只旧壶，但她无法使它看上去完全干净。由题干可知，shecouldnotmakeitlookcompletelyclean（但她无法使它看上去完全干净）说明她正设法把那只旧壶弄干净，可以推测出这里的动作应该是擦净。由此可知，scrubbed在此处最可能是“用力擦洗”的意思，四个选项中scoured具有“擦净”的意思，与此相近。因此D选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Thepolicearesuspicious（

）hiswordsbecausehealreadyhasarecord.

问题1选项

A.to

B.at

C.on

D.of

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。besuspiciousof“对……感到怀疑”。选项D符合题意。句意：警察对他的话感到怀疑因为他已经做好了记录。

15.翻译题

任何形式的脑力锻炼都比窝在沙发上看电视要好。但最能产生积极影响的锻炼活动绝不是简单和轻松的活动：永无休止地玩游戏，或者看历史频道的最新记录长片可能是不够的。就像肌肉越用越强健一样，脑力训练可以使你的心智技能和记忆力保持张力。不要过得太舒服。走出舒适区，时不时挑战一下你的心智技能，比如到你从来没有去过的城市旅游，这会使你在陌生的环境里不断探索。

【答案】【参考译文】AnyformofmentalexerciseisbetterthanwatchingTVonthesofa.Buttheexerciseactivitiesthatcanhavethemostpositiveimpactarebynomeanssimpleandeasyactivities:itmaynotbeenoughtoplaygamesendlesslyorwatchthelatestdocumentaryfeaturefilmsonthehistorychannel.Justasmusclesbecomestrongerwithuse,mentaltrainingcankeepyourmentalskillsandmemoryundertension.Don’tbetoocomfortable.Stepoutofyourcomfortzoneandoccasionallychallengeyourmentalskills,suchastravelingtoacityyouhaveneverbeento,whichwillmakeyouconstantlyexploreinastrangeenvironment.

16.单选题

African-Americanwomenpoetsalso（）totheliteraryachievementoftheHarlemRenaissance,particularlyintheirarticulationofrace,classandgenderissues.

问题1选项

A.contributed

B.approached

C.adapted

D.elevated

【答案】A

【解析】句意:非裔美国女性诗人也对哈莱姆文艺复兴吋期的文学成就做出了贡献，尤其是她们在种族、阶级和性别问题上的表达。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去式。contribute贡献，出力，投稿，捐献；approach接近，着手处理；adapt使适应，改编；elevate提升，维起，振奋情绪等。

17.单选题

Amanufacturerdoesnotusuallydealdirectlywithpeoplewhousehisproducts.Hesellshisproductstothemindirectlythrough(1)outlets.Thereforehissellingproblemhastwoaspects:Hemust(2)storekeepersthatitwillbe(3)forthemtostockthethingshemanufactures,andhemust(4)thousandsormillionsofunseenpeopletobuyhisproductsfromstorekeepersinvariousplaces.Thiskindofselling(5)bothtradeadvertisingandconsumeradvertising.Themanufacturerplacesadvertisementsintrademagazinesthatarereadby(6)whosellshistypeofproducts.Hethenundertakesmorecostlyadvertising(7)totheconsumer.

Advertisersknowfrompracticalexperiencethatproducts,oldornew,cannotbe(8)people.Inthemoderneconomy“theconsumeristheking.”Customersare(9)whattheywant.Muchmoneyisspentonresearch(10)anefforttounderstandtheconsumer’sdesires.(11)theseeffortstopleasethepublic,(12)areoftenfickle.They(13)theirpreferencesfromonebrandtoanotherorfromonetypeofproducttoanother.Inmanyinstancesnoamountofadvertising,(14)cleverorpersuasive,cankeeppeoplefrommakingsuchchanges.(15),advertisingitselfisoftenthecauseofthecustomer’sdecisiontochangeproducts.

问题1选项

A.wholesale

B.retail

C.wholesome

D.retailing

问题2选项

A.convince

B.advice

C.inform

D.prompt

问题3选项

A.profitable

B.triumphant

C.mandatory

D.privileged

问题4选项

A.advertise

B.induce

C.authorize

D.enlighten

问题5选项

A.callson

B.callsoff

C.callsup

D.callsfor

问题6选项

A.readers

B.consumers

C.merchants

D.retailers

问题7选项

A.toadapt

B.toappeal

C.torespond

D.toobject

问题8选项

A.forcedon

B.promotedto

C.compelledby

D.coercedto

问题9选项

A.freeofbuying

B.freefrombuyi