考研考博-英语-唐山师范学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-唐山师范学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thebasiccausesareunknown,althoughcertainconditionsthatmayleadtocancerhavebeen（）•

问题1选项

A.identified

B.guaranteed

C.notified

D.conveyed

【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。句意：尽管人们已经

可能导致癌症的某些条件，但是仍不知道根本的原因。

Identify鉴别，识别；guarantee保证，担保；notify通知，布告；convey传达，传递。所以，A项identify符合句意。

2.填空题

Chongqing（1）tobepartofSichuan,butitwas（2）fromtheprovincein1997andmade（3）self-governingmunicipality.Thenewpoliticalunithasapopulation（4）about33millionpeople,butonly7.5millionofthemliveintheurbanarea.The（5）ofthemliveinthenearbydistrictsthatarepartofthemunicipality.

【答案】1.used

2.separated

3.a

4.of

5.rest

【解析】1.固定搭配。usedtobe曾经是。

2.固定搭配。beseparatedfrom与……分离

3.语法分析。此处填不定冠词a,表示“一个”。

4.语义题。Hasapopulationof后面接具体人数表示“有…人”。

5.语义题。Rest其余的。

3.单选题

Sometimestheseareclearlystatedbutmoreoftenthannottheyare________inattitudesandactions.

问题1选项

A.implicit

B.hidden

C.existent

D.covered

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“含蓄的，盲从的”；B选项“隐藏的”；C选项“现存的，存在的”；D选项“覆盖的，隐藏着的”。句意：有时候这些东西被描述得很清晰，但是他们会在态度或者行动上（）。根据题干关键词“clearly”和“but”，选A更符合题意，这些描述得很清楚，但是在行动或者态度方面他们是隐晦的。B，D选项一般和by搭配。C选项带入句子中不符合逻辑。

4.单选题

Ifnoacquisitionwascognizedasrightfuleveninaprovisionalway（）enteringthecivilcondition,thecivilconditionitselfwouldbeimpossible.

问题1选项

A.anteriorbefore

B.posteriorto

C.priorbefore

D.priorto

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析和固定搭配。anterior“先前的”；posteriorto“晚于”；priorto“居先”；prior“优先的”。句意：如果获取行为被认为是合理的，甚至是以暂时的方式提前申请民用条件，那么民用条件本身变得不可能。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

）

theafternoon.

问题1选项

A.regained

B.recovered

C.restored

D.revived

【答案】A

【解析】句意:股票交易市场上的股票在早上大幅下跌，但在下午却小幅上涨。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。regain恢复,收回（不及物动词）上涨；recover恢复,弥补,重新获得；restore恢复,还原;revive复兴,苏醒,恢复精祌。根据前面句意以及表转折的but可知A符合句意。

6.单选题

Theyarenolongeronspeakingtermsbecauseshe（）hisconfidence.

问题1选项

A.exposed

B.destroyed

C.proved

D.betrayed

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。expose“揭露，曝光”;destroy“毁灭，破坏”;prove“证明，检验，显示”;betray“背叛，出卖”。句意：他们不再和睦相处了，因为她背叛了他的信任。选项D符合题意。

7.翻译题

Ineconomicsthemostfundamentalofthesecentralproblemsisthetheoryofvalue.Thetheoryofvaluemustexplainhowthecomparativevaluesofdifferentgoodsandservicesareestablished.Untilthatproblemissolved,itisnotpossibletoanalysesforscientificpurposeswhatwillbeproducedandinwhatquantities,howtheresourceswillbeemployedinproducingthemenuofoutputs,andhowtheresourceswillbevalued.Withoutatheoryofvaluetheeconomistscanhavenotheoryofinternationaltradeorpossiblyatheoryofmoney.Thiscentralproblemofvaluedoesnotchangeinitsessentialconcernifoneseekstoexplainvaluesinruralorurbansocieties,orinagriculturalorindustrialsocieties.

【答案】在经济学中，这些核心问题的最基本部分是价值理论。价值理论必须解释出不同商品和服务的比较值是怎样生成的。只有这个问题解决了才有可能从科学的目的去分析生产什么产品、生产数量和生产项目单上的这些产品需要雇用多少劳力，以及怎样利用以实现这些劳力的最大价值。没有价值论，经济学家就不会知道国际贸易理论，可能也不会知道货币理论。如果人们试图从农村城市社会或是农业工业社会去解释价值，则基本上价值的核心问题不会改变。

8.单选题

Wearenot（

）tovetoourownproposals.

问题1选项

A.likely

B.possible

C.probable

D.potential

【答案】A

【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项likely“很可能的（可能性比较强）”，其主语可以是人；B选项possible“可能的，合理的”，主语一般为it；C选项probable“很可能的；可信的”，一般是这样用的：itisprobablethat；D选项potential“潜在的，可能的”，一般为：itispotentialtodosth.。句意：我们不可能否定我们自己的提议。句子主语是We，根据题干可知likely符合句意。

9.翻译题

Severalyearsago,aformerSaudioilministerissuedwhathassincebecomeanoft-quotedprophecy:“TheStoneAgedidnotendforlackofstone,andtheOilAgewillendlongbeforetheworldrunsoutofoil”.Itwasalament,andacknowledgementthatadayofreckoningwascomingthatwouldchangetheglobalbalanceofwealthandpower.AflukeofgeologyhadmadethevastemptinessoftheSaudidesertthenumberonesourceofthemostimportantcommodityonearth.Butthegoodtimeswouldnot,andcouldnot,lastforever,andheknewit.

Ifyougobackfarenough,youcantracetheprosperityandsecurityofnations,corporations,andevenindividualstoenergy.Andinourpetroleum-dependentworld,that,forthemostpart,meansOilGovernmentriseandfallonit,armiesrunonit,companiesrelyonit,andconsumersdependonitfromthetimetheywaketotheirclockradiostothemomenttheyturnofftheirTVsandfallasleep.Forthepastcentury,despiterisingpricesandoccasional“crises”—moreoftenthannotmanufacturedeventsresultingfrompoliticaloreconomicforces—therehasalwaysbeenenoughoilavailabletokeeptheenginesofglobalgrowthhumming.Butthatisaluxuryofthepast.Inthefuture,anewanduncertainenergyageisemerging.

【答案】几年前，一位前沙特石油部长发表了这一预言，后来成为人们经常引用的预言：“石器时代并没有因为缺少石头而结束，石油时代将在世界石油枯竭之前结束。”他哀痛地承认，清算的日子即将到来，全球财富与权力的平衡将会被改变。地理上的意外收获使广袤空旷的沙特沙漠成为地球上最重要商品的最重要的来源。但是，美好的时光不可能永远持续下去，他很清楚这一点。

如果你追溯到足够久远的时代，你可以将国家的安全和繁荣、企业甚至个人都能与能源联系起来。在我们这个依赖石油的世界上，在很大程度上，这意味着石油政府依赖于石油而起起落落，军队依赖于它而运行，公司依赖它，消费者也依赖它，当他们从收音机的闹钟中醒来的时候，直到他们关掉电视睡着的那一刻。在过去的一个世纪里，尽管价格不断上涨，偶尔也会发生危机，但往往是政治或经济力量造成的事件，使得总有足够的石油供应提供动力，来维持全球经济的增长。但这是过去的奢侈。未来，一个新的、不确定的能源时代正在形成。

10.单选题

Intheprocessofacquiringknowledge,asmuchcanbelearnedfromseekingasfromfinding,fromjourneysasfrom（

）.

问题1选项

A.travel

B.destination

C.instruction

D.seeking

【答案】B

【解析】根据句意可知,“seeking”和“finding”相对,那么填空处的词应该与“journeys”相对,首先排除选项D;其次选项A与之意思相同,也可排除;选项C不符合句意;只有选项B正确。

11.翻译题

Idon’trecallFrenchcivilizationfeelingsoimportantinmylifetime.Therewillbeuglyargumentsoverthecomingweeks,oncethefirstshockpasses,overwhowasresponsible,howthisdisasterhappened,whatnegligencewasinvolved.Butinthosesilent,reverent,hymn-singingcrowdsonthestreetsofParis,IalsosawthepossibilityofaFrenchcoming-togetherinthedeterminationtorebuildnotonlytheNotre-Damecathedral,butalsoanationshakenbytheviolenceoftheYellowVestmovementandthesocialdivisionsitreflects.ThestoryofNotre-Dameisastoryofenduranceandrebirth.

【答案】在我的一生中，法国文明从未有过如此重要的感觉。在接下来的几周内，一旦第一波冲击过去，谁应该对此负责，这场灾难是如何发生的，哪些过失牵涉其中，将会有令人不快的争论。但在那些沉默的,虔诚的,只需人群在巴黎街头,我也看到了一个法国相遇了的可能性的决心重建不仅圣母院大教堂,也是一个国家遭受的暴力黄色背心运动和社会部门反映。巴黎圣母院的故事是一个关于忍耐和重生的故事。

12.单选题

Economicsinvolvesthestudyoftopicslikewealthandpoverty,moneyandbanks,incomes,taxes,prosperityanddepression,bigbusinessandlaborunions,andhundredsofothermattersthatintimatelyaffectthewaywelive.Economicforcessurroundourdailylives,influencinghoweasyorhowharditistogetajob,howmuchwecanearninourchosenoccupations,andhowmuchourpaycheckswillbuyafterwereceivethem.

Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisionsabouthowmuchtospendandforwhatpurposes,andhowmuchtoraiseintaxesandwhoshouldbetaxedaswellasintheirevaluationsoftheconsequencesofwar,peace,anddisarmament.Urbanslums,jobdiscrimination,unequaleducationalopportunities,andcivilrightshaveimportantconsequencesforallofusforboththosewhoarediscriminatedagainstandthosewhoarenot.Atastillmoregloballeveleconomicfactorsareinvolvedinbirth,health,death,populationgrowth,andthedynamicsofhistory.

Infact,probablywithoutexception,eachtopicineconomicsnotonlytouchessomewhereonyourownpersonallifebutisalsoimportanttosomecurrenteconomicproblemsofgovernmentonsocialpolicyandis,atthesametime,involvedinthelong-rangeconcernsofhumanhistory.

Thecommonthreadthatrunsthroughallofthesetopics,bindingthemtogetherintoacoherentbodyofstudy,isthatonewayoranothereachdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.Practicallynothingthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.Aloafofbreadistheendresultoflongseriesofoperationsthatbeginswithplantingandharvestinggrainandproceedsthroughmilling,baking,andshippingtothepointatwhichthehousewifecanpicktheloafoffthegrocer’sshelf.Thedriverfillinghistankataservicesstationistakingthefinalstepinalongchainofactivities:drillingoilwells,movingpetroleuminshipsandpipelines,chemicaltreatment,refiningandstorage.Thesameisgenerallytrueofallgoods.

Theprocessofbridgingthegapbetweentheoriginalresourcesofnatureandneedsofthefinalconsumerisproduction.Productionincludesanyactivitythatmakesgoodsandservicesavailabletopeople.Itisnotrestrictedtoworkontangiblephysicalcommodities,butencompassesservicesaswell.Doctors,lawyers,teachers,andbarbersareproductive,asareactors,musicians,entertainers,andotherswhoperformservicesforourbenefits.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage?

2.Wemayinferfromthecontextthattheword“encompass”(Line4,Paragraph5)means（）

3.Accordingtothepassage,economicsisthestudyof（）

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Economicfactorsinfluenceourdailylife.

B.Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisionsaboutsomepolicies.

C.Whatwestudyineconomicsishowgovernmentsinfluencetheuseofland,labor,capital,etc.

D.Theservicesofwholesalers,retailersandbankersareanimportantpartoftheproductiveprocess.

问题2选项

A.surround

B.enclose

C.encircle

D.include

问题3选项

A.productionandconsumption

B.government’spolicy

C.activitiesthatmakegoodsavailabletopeople

D.consequencesofwarandpeace.

问题4选项

A.Theservicesofdoctors,lawyersandteachersareunproductive.

B.Economicfactorsareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofhistory.

C.Allthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.

D.Jobdiscriminationandunequaleducationalopportunitieshaveimportantconsequencesonlyforthosewhoarediscriminatedagainst.

问题5选项

A.Urbanslums,jobdiscrimination,unequaleducationalopportunities,andcivilrightsareexcludedfromeconomicfactors.

B.Eachtopicineconomicsdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.

C.Governmentpoliciesdeterminethelinkbetweentheresourcesofnatureandneedsoftheconsumer.

D.Ahousewifecannotpickaloafofbreadoffthegrocer’sshelfunlessthereisagoodharvest.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段的一二句“...affectthewaywelive.”对应选项A；第二段的第一句“Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisions...”对应选项B；最后一段的第三句“Itisnotrestrictedtoworkontangiblephysicalcommodities,butencompassesservicesaswell.”对应选项D。只有选项C在文中没有提及。

2.词义题。根据原文：它不限制于有形的物质设施,但是也服务。选项D包括,与原文encompass意思最相近。

3.细节事实题。根据第四段的第一句“...,isthatonewayoranothereachdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.”每个主题都以这样或那样的方式处理社会生产和使用商品和服务的方式。所以选项A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Doctors,lawyers,teachers,andbarbersareproductive...”可知选项A错误；根据第三段的最后一句“atthesametime,involvedinthelong-rangeconcernsofhumanhistory.”可知选项B正确；根据第四段的第二句“Practicallynothingthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.”可知选项C错误；根据第二段的第二句“jobdiscrimination,...andthosewhoarenot.”可知选项D也错误。所以本题选B。

5.判断推理题。根据第四段的第一句“Thecommonthreadthatrunsthroughallofthesetopics,bindingthemtogetherintoacoherentbodyofstudy,isthatonewayoranothereachdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.”由此可以推断选项B符合原文。

13.单选题

Twoofthechildrenhavetosleepinonebed,buttheotherthreehave（）ones.

问题1选项

A.similar

B.singular

C.different

D.separate

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：两个孩子必须睡在一张床上，而另外三个孩子睡在不同的床上。根据语境可知，这里指分开的独立的床，选项D符合语境。

14.单选题

Heisapromisingyoungmanwhoisnowstudyingatourgraduateschool.Ashissupervisor,Iwouldliketo（

）himtoyournotice.

问题1选项

A.commend

B.decree

C.presume

D.articulate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。commend“推荐，称赞”；decree“命令，颁布，判决”；presume“假定，推测”；articulate“发音，清楚地讲话”。句意：他是个有前途的年轻人，现在在我们研究院学习，作为他的导师，我乐意向你推荐他。选项A符合题意。

15.不定项选择题

Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.

Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety’sunderstanding—theknowledge,hopesandfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyismirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,theweakness,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

“Allmenarecreatedequal.”We’vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry’sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren—therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprogram,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.

1.Whatisthepurposeforauthortocitetheexampleofstageinparagraph2?

2.Whydoespublicpaymuchattentiontoexceptionaleducation?

3.WhichoneofthefollowingactionshasNOTbeentakentofacilitateexceptionaleducation?

4.Theword“substantially”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Toshowthoseexceptionalchildrenaremoreeasilyinfluencedthannormalchildren.

B.Toindicatethoseexceptionalchildrenhavegreatpotentials.

C.Toidentifyallmenareborntobeequal.

D.Toillustratetheimportanceofenvironmentsuchasfamilyandsociety.

问题2选项

A.Exceptionaleducationisapartofcompulsoryeducation.

B.Thebeliefthatexceptionalchildrenshoulddeveloptheirpotentialsaswell.

C.Exceptionaleducationhasbeenunderestimatedforalongtime.

D.Exceptionaleducationisareflectionofsociety.

问题3选项

A.Courtshaveconfirmedtherightforexceptionalchildrentoreceiveeducation.

B.Governmentshavemadepoliciestoprotectexceptionaleducation.

C.Schoolsareforcedbycourtstotakeactionstooffereducationforexceptionalchildren.

D.Schoolshaveappropriatedprogramsandinstructiontosatisfytheneedofexceptionalchildren.

问题4选项

A.stunningly

B.generally

C.adequately

D.fundamentally

问题5选项

A.Thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren.

B.Thespecialtyofexceptionalchildren.

C.Theintroductionofeducationprograms.

D.Theresponsibilitiesofgovernmentforthoseexceptionalchildren.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。通过列举了舞台的例子，作者强调了配角和剧中布景的重要性，结合下文Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment（特殊儿童所生活的家庭和社会往往是他们成长和发展的关键）可知，对特殊儿童而言，家庭和社会环境也是很重要的，因此D选项“说明环境的重要性，如家庭和社会”正确。

第2题:推理判断题。由第三段第三句Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities（在过去的30年中，公共教育对特殊儿童的极大兴趣表明了我们社会中的一种强烈想法，那就是所有的公民，无论其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会）可推断出B选项“特殊儿童也应该开发他们的潜能的信念”符合题意。

第3题:事实细节题。需注意题干中的NOT，因此要找出文中没有提及的措施。由第四段第五句Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation（最近的法院判决确认了所有儿童，无论残疾与否，都有接受适当教育的权利，并命令公立学校采取必要措施提供这种教育）可排除A选项和C选项；由本文最后一句Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprogram,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms（作为回应，学校正在调整课程，使教学能够适应特殊儿童，那些不能从常规课程中真正获益的儿童的需要）可排除D选项，因此B选项为正确答案。

第4题:语义推测题。根据上下文可知，学校正在调整课程，以适应特殊儿童的需要，因此可以推断出，常规课程是不足以应对特殊儿童的，substantially应为“足够的”，C选项符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。解题关键句通常在第一段或最后一段，由第一段第二句Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences（为了让这些孩子充分发展他们成年后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些差异）可知A选项“使教育适应残疾儿童的必要性”为正确答案。

16.单选题

Theshipswerefoundtobeunsuitablefortheconditionsinwhichtheyhadsupposedlybeen

A

B

C

D

adapted.

问题1选项

A.tobe

B.unsuitable

C.unsuitable

D.supposedly

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词搭配。C选项为“介词+which”引导的定语从句，adaptto（适应）为固定搭配，此处将介提前，因此用介词to。

试题答案：C;towhich

17.单选题

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynurserywasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe（1）halfofthe19thcentury;mostof（2）werecharitable.BothinEuropeandintheU.S.,theday-nurserymovementreceivedgreat（3）duringtheFirstWorldWar,when（4）ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedentednumbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountries,nurserieswereestablished（5）inmunitionsplants,underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.（6）thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose（7）,thisrisewasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,（8）,FederalStateandlocalgovernmentsgraduallybegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol（9）thedaynurseries,chieflyby（10）themandbyinspectingandregulatingtheconditionswithinthenurseries.

问题1选项

A.latter

B.other

C.late

D.first

问题2选项

A.those

B.them

C.whose

D.which

问题3选项

A.impetus

B.input

C.imitation

D.initiative

问题4选项

A.sources

B.abundance

C.shortage

D.reduction

问题5选项

A.hardly

B.entirely

C.only

D.even

问题6选项

A.Because

B.As

C.Since

D.Although

问题7选项

A.unanimously

B.sharply

C.predominantly

D.militantly

问题8选项

A.therefore

B.consequently

C.however

D.moreover

问题9选项

A.over

B.in

C.at

D.about

问题10选项

A.formulating

B.labeling

C.patenting

D.licensing

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:D

第7题:B

第8题:C

第9题:A

第10题:A

【解析】（1）上下文语义题。根据上文中提到1954年，时间应该为19世纪后期，故选项A符合题意。

（2）代词词义解析。本句为一个独立的简单句，所以课排除关系代词whose和which，those意思是他们的形容词性物主代词，选项B符合题意。

（3）名词词义解析。impetus“推动”；input“输入”；imitation“模仿”；initiative“主动权”。句意：日托所运动在一战期间受到了极大的推动力。选项A符合题意。

（4）上下文语境题。sources“来源”；abundance“丰富：充裕”；shortage“短缺”；reduction“减少”。此句的意思应该表示男性劳动力的短缺，选项C符合题意。

（5）逻辑关系考查题。根据上下文，这里是对建立日托所运动的一个进一步说明。所以用even甚至这个单词。选项D符合题意。

（6）逻辑关系考查题。文章中的“withoutgovernmentaidofanykind”与“underdirectgovernmentsponsorship”存在鲜明对比，意思完全相反，所以有转折意思。选项D符合题意。

（7）考查副词。unanimously“无异议地”；sharply“急剧地”；predominantly“支配地”；militantly“好战地”。句意：在美国，托儿所的数量急速增长，政府并未给予援助。选项B符合题意。

（8）逻辑关系考查。根据上下文，此句存在转折意义。选项C符合题意。

（9）固定短语考查。考查介词搭配，controlover“控制”，选项A符合题意。

（10）动词词义辨析。formulating“规范”；labeling“贴标签”；patenting“取得……的专利权”；licensing“批准”。选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

ThereareAmericanswhovisitFranceandcomebacksaying“theFrencharesorude.”Ifeeldifferently.IthinkAmericansperceiveFrenchbehavior“rude”becauseitdoesn'tfollowAmericanrules.Youcan'tassumethateveryoneinFranceshouldspeakEnglish.Youcan'tapproachaFrenchstrangerwithabigAmericanhelloand“howareyou”andexpectthemtorespondinkind.However,ifyoulookthemintheeye,giveaslightnodwithagentlehello,theywillrespondfavorably.

MostFrenchpeopleImeetaresubtleanddignified.Theyarenotloud,andtheyarereservedintheirexpressions.Weliketosaywordslike“great”,“magnificent”,or“marvelous”TheFrenchwillsay“pasmal”(notbad)eveniftheywinthelottery!AndyouwillbewrongifyouthinkEuropeansdon'thavetheirownnegativeideaofAmericans.MostyoungEuropeansI'vemetviewAmericansas“fake”andloud,sincewedotendtohavebighellosandsmilesforstrangersandask“howareyou”andwalkawaybeforearesponse.WeshouldmakeaconsciousefforttoshowtheFrenchthatwecanadjusttooursurroundings,andthatwedon'texpecttoenteraforeigncountryandhaveeverythingbejustaswewishittobe.

Iwasn’tabletocompletelyforgetmyAmericanrootsduringmystay.Iwasstilltheonegettingstrangelookswearingmysandalsinthecold(withsocksofcourse).Iwasstilltheonewiththeloudestlaugh.AndIcouldneverquitegetmyvoicetothatlevelwhichis“loudenoughforthewaitertohearbutnotnearbydiners”IwillalwaysfeelabitlikeanawkwardteenagerasIstumblemywayaroundEurope.IwasveryluckyinthatmyFrenchfriendsinsistedmyAmericanidiosyncrasies(习性)werecharminganddeservingofacceptance.

SolookattheFrenchinanewlight.Theyhavearichculture,arichpast.Icanattesttothefactthatifyouarekindandpolite,youwillgainfriends,andperhapsevenimproveforeignrelations!

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatmakesAmericansthinkthattheFrencharerude?

2.ComparedwithAmericans,theFrenchtendto（）whentheygivecompliments.

3.Whichoftheflowingdoestheauthorprobablyagree?

4.Themainpurposeofthepassagecanbebestputasto（）.

问题1选项

A.ThewayFrenchpeoplegreetstrangersinpublicisimpoliteandunkind.

B.ThewayFrenchpeoplebehavediffersfromwhatAmericansareusedto.

C.FewFrenchholdafriendlyorfavorableattitudetowardEnglishspeakers.

D.FewFrenchrespondtostrangersgentleandkindgreetingsfavorably.

问题2选项

A.speakataloudanddignifiedvoice

B.avoidusingnegativeexpressions

C.choosesubtleandmoderateexpressions

D.begenerousandsomewhatexaggerating

问题3选项

A.Oneshouldsticktohisownculturewhenhecommunicateswithforeigners.

B.Oneshouldfullyadapttotheculturalnormsofaforeigncountryhelivesin.

C.Onecankeepsomerulesofhisnativeculturewhenlivinginaforeigncounty.

D.Onecaneasilymakefriendswithforeignersbylearningtheiridiosyncrasies

问题4选项

A.explainaculturalconceptbycomparingtwopeoples’behaviors

B.tellatruestorybasedontheauthor’sownexperienceinaforeigncountry

C.proveapopularviewonanationbyuseoflogicalreasoning

D.refuteanationalstereotypewithevidencefromtheauthor'sownexperience

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第一段“IthinkAmericansperceiveFrenchbehavior"rude"becauseitdoesn'tfollowAmericanrules.”我认为美国人认为法国人的行为“粗鲁”，因为它不遵守美国的规则。A选项“法国人与陌生人在公众场合打招呼的方式是不礼貌和不友好的”，B选项“法国人与美国人的行为方式所习惯的不同”，C选项“很少有法国人对说英语的人持友好或有利的态度”。D选项“很少有法国人会亲切地问候陌生人”。因此，B选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到第二段首句“MostFrenchpeopleImeetaresubtleanddignified.”A选项“大声而庄重的说话”，B选项“避免使用消极的表达”，C选项“选择微妙和适度的表达”。D选项“慷慨一点，夸张一点”。因此，C选项符合题意。

3.判断推理题。根据题干定位到原文中的“Iwasn'tabletocompletelyforgetmyAmericanrootsduringmystay.Iwasstilltheonegettingstrangelookswearingmysandalsinthecold(withsocksofcourse).”在逗留期间，我没能完全忘记我的美国根。我仍然是那个在寒冷的天气里穿着凉鞋(当然是袜子)，被别人奇怪地看着的人。对应C选项“一个人在异国他乡生活时，可以保持一些本国文化的规则”。A选项“当一个人与外国人交流时，他应该坚持自己的文化”。“WeshouldmakeaconsciousefforttoshowtheFrenchthatwecanadjusttooursurroundings,andthatwedon'texpecttoenteraforeigncountryandhaveeverythingbejustaswewishittobe.”我们应该有意识地向法国人表明，我们能够适应我们的环境，我们不希望进入一个外国，一切都像我们希望的那样。可得知A选项错误。B选项“一个人应该完全适应他所生活的外国的文化规范”，完全适应过于绝对。D选项“通过了解外国人的性格特点，我们可以很容易地和他们交朋友”。原文没有提到。因此，C选项符合题意。

4.作者意图题。题目问的是这篇文章的主要目的最好的解释是什么，定位到文章的首段“ThereareAmericanswhovisitFranceandcomebacksaying"theFrencharesorude."Ifeeldifferently.”有些美国人到法国旅游回来后说:“法国人太粗鲁了。”我感觉不一样。后文也是用自己的亲身经历来反驳这些美国人的观点。A选项“通过比较两个人的行为来解释一个文化概念”，B选项“根据作者自己在国外的经历讲一个真实的故事”，C选项“用逻辑推理证明一个国家的流行观点”，D选项“用作者自己的经验来反驳国家的刻板印象”。因此，D选项符合题意。

19.单选题

Thecompanycanconstantlymonitorthelevelofheatandenergyandadjust（）.

问题1选项

A.accordingly

B.basically

C.conventionally

D.subjectively

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项accordingly“相应地”；B选项basically“基本地”；C选项conventionally“传统地”；D选项subjectively“主观地”。题干意思：公司可以不间断地监控热量和能源的指数，并且（）进行调整。因此A选项正确。

20.单选题

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthetactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-collarandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoredmatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong.etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhich