考研考博-英语-太原城市职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-太原城市职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

Inthelate1960sintegratedcircuit,tinytransistorsandotherelectricalcomponentsarrangedonasinglechipofsilicon(硅),replacedindividualtransistorsincomputers.Integratedcircuitsbecameminiaturized(使小型化),enablingmorecomponentstobedesignedintoasinglecomputercircuit.

【答案】20世纪60年代末，安装在一块硅片上的集成电路、微型晶体管和其他电子元件取代了计算机中的单个晶体管。集成电路小型化使人们将更多组件设计成一个单一的计算机电路。

2.单选题

Grain（

）aretoguaranteetheconsumptionofnonagriculturalpopulationandtocopewithseriousnaturaldisasters.

问题1选项

A.savings

B.storages

C.stocks

D.reserves

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项savings“积蓄；节省物”；B选项storage“贮存”是不可数名词；C选项stocks“存货；股份”；D选项reserves“储备”。填一个名词做主语，Grain做其定语，由不定式的内容可知reserves“储备”符合题意，句意为：粮食储备是用来保证非农业人口消费和应对严重自然灾害的。故答案选D。

3.单选题

Thegoodnewsisthatcreativitytrainingthatalignswiththenewscienceworkssurprisinglywell.TheUniversityofOklahoma,theUniversityofGeorgia,andTaiwan’sNationalChengchiUniversityeachindependentlyconductedalarge-scaleanalysisofsuchprograms.Allthreeteamsofscholarsconcludedthatcreativitytrainingcanhaveastrongeffect.“Creativitycanbetaught.”saysJamesC.Kaufman,professoratCaliforniaStateUniversity,SanBernardino.

What’scommonaboutsuccessfulprogramsistheyalternatemaximumdivergentthinkingwithboutsofintenseconvergentthinking,throughseveralstages.Realimprovementdoesn’thappeninaweekendworkshop.Butwhenappliedtotheeverydayprocessofworkorschool,brainfunctionimproves.

SowhatdoesthismeanforAmerica’sstandards-obsessedschools?Thekeyisinhowkidsworkthroughthevastcatalogofinformation.ConsidertheNationalInventorsHallofFameSchool,anewpublicmiddleschoolinAkron,Ohio.MindfulofOhio’scurriculumrequirements,theschool’steacherscameupwithaprojectforthefifthgraders:figureouthowtoreducethenoiseinthelibrary.Itswindowsfacedapublicspaceand,evenwhenclosed,letthroughtoomuchnoise.Thestudentshadfourweekstodesignproposals.

Workinginsmallteams,thefifthgradersfirstengagedinwhatcreativitytheoristDonaldTreffingerdescribesasfact-finding.Howdoessoundtravelthroughmaterials?Whatmaterialsreducenoisethemost?Then,problemfinding—anticipatingallpotentialpitfallssotheirdesignsaremorelikelytowork.Next,idea-findinggenerateasmanyideasaspossible.Drapes,plants,orlargekiteshungfromtheceilingwouldallbafflesound.Or,insteadofreducingthesound,maybemaskitbyplayingthesoundofgentlewaterfall?Aproposalfordouble-panedglassevolvedintoanideatofillthespacebetweenpaneswithwater.Next,solution-finding:whichideaswerethemosteffective,cheapest,andaestheticallypleasing?Fiberglassabsorbedsoundthebestbutwouldn’tbesafe.Wouldanaquariumwithfishbeeasierthanwater-filledpanes?

Thenteamsdevelopedaplanofaction.Theybuiltscalemodelsandchosefabricsamples.Theyrealizedthey’dneedtopersuadeajanitortocarefortheplantsandfishduringvacation.Teamspersuadedotherstosupportthem—sometimessowell,teamsdecidedtocombineprojects.Finally,theypresenteddesignstoteachers,parents,andJimWest,inventoroftheelectricmicrophone.

51.Thegoodnewsaboutthethreeteams’conclusionisthat______.

52.Accordingtothepassagetheimprovementofdivergentandconvergentthinkingtakeplace______.

53.ThesubjectsoftheprojectinanAmerica’sstandards-obsessedschoolare______.

54.Accordingtotheauthor,theteamsintheschoolprojecthavegonethroughthefollowingstepsexcept______.

55.WhatwasindicatedfromthetactthattheteamspresenteddesignstoJimWest,inventoroftheelectricmicrophone?

问题1选项

A.large-scaleanalysishasbeenconducted

B.threeuniversitiesallreachedtheirconclusions

C.creativetrainingcoincidewithnewscienceworks

D.creativetrainingcanbestronglyaffected

问题2选项

A.indifferentstages

B.duringexperiment

C.onweekendworkshop

D.inroutineworkorschool

问题3选项

A.thefifthgraders

B.thescientists

C.thewindows

D.theproposals

问题4选项

A.findingfacts

B.findingplans

C.findingideas

D.findingsolutions

问题5选项

A.Theteamsneedtomakeaconsultation.

B.Theteamswouldliketopersuadehim.

C.Thedesignsoftheteamsreachedahighlevel.

D.Thedesignsoftheteamsgothissupport.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】51.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“关于这三个团队的结论，好消息是什么？”。从第一段Thegoodnewsisthatcreativitytrainingthatalignswiththenewscienceworkssurprisinglywell.（好消息是与技术学结盟的创造性训练效果出乎意料的好）和后面三个研究团队得出的结论Creativitycanbetaught.（创造力可以被教授），可以得出关于这三个团队的结论的好消息是创造性训练与新的科技相吻合；A选项“进行了大规模分析”和B选项“三个团队都得出了结论”不是关于结论的好消息，D选项“创造力能够被强烈的影响”不够具体，因此C选项正确。

52.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“分散和聚合思维发生在哪里？”。第二段提到Realimprovementdoesn’thappeninaweekendworkshop.Butwhenappliedtotheeverydayprocessofworkorschool,brainfunctionimproves.（真正的进步不会发生在周末的研讨会上。但如果应用到日常工作或学习过程中，大脑功能就会得到提高）；由此推断分散和聚合思维发生在日常工作和学习中，A项“不同阶段”没有提到；B项“实验中”包括在学校工作里面；C项“周末研讨会”错误。因此D项正确。

53.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干的意思是“课题的主题是什么？”。第三段提到theschool’steacherscameupwithaprojectforthefifthgraders:figureouthowtoreducethenoiseinthelibrary.Itswindowsfacedapublicspaceand,evenwhenclosed,letthroughtoomuchnoise.Thestudentshadfourweekstodesignproposals.（学校的老师们给五年级的学生们提出了一个课题：如何减少图书馆的噪音。它的窗户面向公共空间，即使关上了仍然有很大的噪音。学生们有四周的时间来设计方案）；由此可知课题是就如何减少图书馆的噪音做方案。A项是“五年级”，B项是“科学家”，C项是“窗户”，D项是“方案”；因此D项正确。

54.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干的意思是“根据作者，在这个项目中，五年级学生团队做以下几个步骤除了……以外？”。第四段讲述的都是五年级团队为这个项目所做的一些行动，文中提到了fact-finding,problem-finding,idea-finding和solution-finding，由此可知只有B项“发现计划”没有提到，所以此题选B选项。

55.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干的意思是“小组把设计方案提交给JimWest暗示了什么？”。最后一段指出Teamspersuadedotherstosupportthem—sometimessowell,teamsdecidedtocombineprojects.Finally,theypresenteddesignstoteachers,parents,andJimWest,inventoroftheelectricmicrophone.（团队说服了其他团队支持他们，有时候情况好到各团队决定把设计方案结合在一起；最后，他们向老师、家长和电子麦克风的发明者吉姆•韦斯特（JimWest）展示了设计方案），可以推测，他们是想要咨询老师，父母和JimWest的意见，B项“团队说服了Jim”、C项“设计方案达到了更高的级别”和D项“团队得到了Jim的支持”均未提到。因此此题选A选项。

4.单选题

Thelawcan（）fatherstomakeregularpaymentsfortheirchildren.

问题1选项

A.compel

B.comply

C.complain

D.combine

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项compel“强迫、迫使”，B项comply“遵守、顺从”，C项complain“抱怨”，D项combine“联合、结合”；句意：这项法律可强制父亲定期支付子女的费用。因此A选项正确。

5.翻译题

TheChinesepresenceinthecoloniesstirredmanyAustraliananxieties.AustraliancolonistslikedtothinkofthemselvesasBritish,buttheybegantoseetheywereBritishinstrangegeo-politicalsurroundings.TheysuspectedAustraliamightbeonagreatChinesefloodplain.ItwasclearlywellwithinreachofChineseinfluence.California,anothergoldrushsociety,hadalsoexperiencedasubstantialinfluxofChinese.TherealizationgrewthatAustraliashouldnotlookjusttoBritain.ItsharedstrategicinterestswithotherwhitecommunitiesinthePacific,especiallywithAmerica.Butthepacificwasacontestedocean.Fromthe1880s,itwasincreasinglyapparentthatChinaandJapanwerealsonearbyPacificnations.

(1)ThepresenceofsomanyChineseintensifieddebateonthepotentialcharacterofAustraliansociety.Potentconcernshaddevelopedaboutcivicvaluesingoldrushcommunities,concernsaggravatedbyAustralia'sconvictorigins.Goldwasaseductive,richlymythologizedsubstance.ItsdiscoveryintheAustraliancoloniespublicizedtheirpotentialmorethananythingelsehadyetdone.Goldattractedayoung,cosmopolitan,ambitious,predominantlywhitemalepopulation,oftenimbuedwithadvanceddemocraticviews.YetasDavidGoodmanhasshown,thisinfluxstirredanxietiesaboutthemoralstabilityofthesegold-seekingcommunities.Agold-obsessedsocietyappearedapoorfoundationforastableculturedsociety.Manysocialcommentatorsfoundtheprospectthatworkingmencouldgainsuddenwealthinthiswayverydisturbing.Wouldpeoplestillvalueachievementswroughtbysteadylabourandindustrioushabits?Whatwouldhappentomoralvalues?(2)Therewasanothermoredisturbingthought.IfAustraliacouldproduceonlytheserough,uncivilizedcommunities,mightitnotlosethemoralauthoritybywhichAustralians,claimingtherightsofasuperiorculture,soughtexclusiveaccesstothecontinent?WereAustraliansstillworthyoftheirimmenseopportunities?

QuestionsoftenureandentitlementwereintensifiedbythedispossessionoftheAustralianAborigines.OneofthemainjustificationsusedatthattimefortakingoverAboriginallandcamefromthebeliefthattheywereaprimitive,nomadicpeoplewithnofixedsettlementsorhabitsofagriculture.Itwasthoughtthattheydidnotvaluetheirlandandhadnocapacitytodevelopit(3)Oneofthetroublingparadoxesofgoldseekingpopulationswasthattheyalsowereahighlymobilewanderingtribe,insomewayssimilartotheAboriginestheysoughttodisplace.AnxietiesaboutthecontinuityofwhitesettlementinAustraliaintensifiedimpulsestovilifyAboriginesandtokeepAsiansout.Themajorquestionrevolvedaroundentitlementtotheland.(4)Inthebluntlanguageofthelatenineteenthcentury,ifwhitehadreplacedblackbecauseblackwasnotdevelopingthecontinent,whyshouldyellownotreplacewhiteonpreciselythesamegrounds?IfEuropeancommunitiesinAustraliawerenotseentobecivilizedandproductive,thecaseforsoletenureofAustraliabywhitesmightbeseriouslyweakened.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）这么多中国人的出现加剧了这场关于澳大利亚社会潜在性格的争论。淘金社区的公民价值观引起了人们强烈的关注,这种关注又因澳大利亚人原本就是罪犯的后裔而变得更为严重。黄金是一种充满诱惑而又富有神话色彩的物质。

（2）还有另一种更令人不安的思想。如果澳大利亚只能形成这些粗俗而又不文明的社区,那么对于声称享有优等文化权利的澳大利亚人来说,难道不会丢失他们建立在找到通往澳洲大陆的独有途径上的那份道德权威吗？澳大利亚人仍然值得拥有巨大的机遇吗？

（3）淘金社区的人们有一个令人烦恼的悖论,即他们也是高度漂移的部落,这在某些方面类似于他们试图取代的土著居民。因为担忧白人殖民者在澳大利亚定居的连续性,促使他们对土著居民进行诽谤和驱逐亚洲人。

（4）用十九世纪末生硬的语言来讲,如果白人取代黑人是因为黑人没有发展澳洲大陆,那么为什么依据同样的理由黄色人就不应该去取代白人呢？如果在澳大利亚的欧洲社区不被看作是文明并富有成效的,完全由白人统治澳大利亚的状况就有可能被严重削弱。

6.单选题

Acomputerprogramcanprovideinformationinwaysthatforcestudentsto（）learninginsteadofbeingmerelyofknowledge.

问题1选项

A.shoreup/reservoirs

B.accedeto/consumers

C.participatein/recipients

D.compensatefor/custodians

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语及名词辨析。shoreup“支持，支撑，加固”；reservoir“水库，蓄水池”；accedeto“加入，同意，就任”；consumer“消费者，用户，顾客”；participatein“参与，参加”；recipient“接受者，受体”；compensatefor“赔偿，补偿”；custodian“管理人，监护人”。句意：计算机程序可以通过迫使学生参与学习而非仅是知识接受者的方式来提供信息。因此C项符合句意。

7.单选题

Whatsheachievedinherresearchmight（

）whatshehadbeenexpecting.

问题1选项

A.exceed

B.exclaim

C.excess

D.extend

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。exceed“超过，胜过”；exclaim“大声说出”；excess“超过”，名词；extend“延伸，扩大”。

句意：她在研究中的收获可能超过她的预期。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

______fashionedfromawickfloatinginabowlofoilfunctionedaccordingtotheprincipleofcapillaryaction.

问题1选项

A.Alllampsearly

B.Lampsallearly

C.Allearlylamps

D.Earlyalllamps

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词前的形容词顺序问题。很多个形容词修饰名词，其先后顺序为数量、大小、新旧、颜色、产地、材料、名词性形容词；指示性形容词all,many,some及any均应放在一般修饰性形容词前面；句意：所有早期的灯都是由一根浮在油碗里的灯芯制成的，灯芯的作用原理是毛细管作用。因此只有C项语序正确。

9.单选题

BillieHoliday’sreputationasagreatjazz-bluessingerrestsonherability（

）emotionaldepthtohersongs.

问题1选项

A.begiving

B.aregiven

C.togive

D.beinggiven

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。haveabilitytodosth有能力做某事。句意：比利霍乐迪，作为一位伟大的爵士布鲁斯歌手，她的盛名在于能将感情融入到歌曲中。故C项正确。

10.单选题

TheATMsenablebankcustomerstoaccesstheirmoney24hoursadayandsevendaysaweek________ATMsarelocated.

问题1选项

A.wherever

B.whenever

C.however

D.whatever

【答案】A

【解析】考查状语从句。A选项wherever“无论何地”；B选项whenever“无论何时”；C选项“however”然而；D选项whatever“无论什么”。句意：ATM机能够让银行客户全天24小时之内取到钱（）有ATM机的地方。根据关键词located，我们可知这是要选一个关于地点的状语从句引导词，四个选项中只有A能表地点。

11.翻译题

该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。最终目标是确保无一人落后。由于此法案的实施，学校有更多的灵活性把资源用于最急需的地方。父母可更多地参与孩子的教育。

【答案】答：

TheactaimstoreformAmerica’selementaryandsecondaryschoolsandgiveallchildrenaccesstoahigh-qualityeducation.Theultimategoalistoensurenooneisleftbehind.Asaresultoftheimplementationofthisact,schoolsenjoysmoreflexibilitytouseresourceswheretheyaremostneeded.Parentscanbemoreinvolvedintheirchildren’seducation.

12.单选题

EnvironmenthastakenratherabackseatpoliticallysincetheEarthsummitinRiodeJaneironearlyfiveyearsago.

（1）theproblemsthatmeeting

（2）hadnotgoneaway.Oneenvironment（3）tank—theInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitutehasbeenlookingatthefutureofwaterand（4）reportreflectsgrowingconcernatthehugeleapinusageoverthepastfewyears,Insomepatoftheworld,waterconsumptionhas

（5）

fivefold.Andtheinstitute,knownbyits（6）IFPKE,saysshortagescouldsoonbecomethe

（7）forconflictandamajorbarrierto（8）theworld’sgrowingpopulation.Here’sRichardBlackofourScienceUnit.

“It’softenbeensaidthatwater

（9）oilwillbethecauseofwarfareinthenextcentury.AccordingtotheIFPREreport,thetime

（10）thathappensmightnotbefaraway.Thenumberofpeople

（11）bywatershortageswillincreaseten

（12）overthenext30years,itsays,

（13）couldwellleadtolargescaleconflicts.

Themainreasonwhywaterisbecominga

（14）resourceisagriculture,whichnow

（15）

70%ofwaterconsumptionworldwide,90%insome

（16）countries.Countlessfannershaveswitchedfromgrowingindigenouscropsforthe

（17）markettohighyieldexportvarieties,which

（18）

needfarmorewater.ButtheIFPRIreportsaysthatinsomeregionswatershortageisnowthesinglebiggestimpedimenttofeedingthepopulation.Waterscarcity

（19）

leadstowaterpollution.IntheIndianStateofWestBengal,forexample,overextractionofwaterfromboreholeshasledtoarsenicpoisoningwhichis（20）tohaveaffectedtwomillionpeoplesofar.ButtheIFPRIreportcallsforbetterwatermanagementworldwideincludingfinancialincentivestoencourageconservation.”

问题1选项

A.But

B.So

C.And

D.For

问题2选项

A.overcome

B.highlighted

C.motivated

D.confronted

问题3选项

A.thoughtful

B.thought

C.thinking

D.think

问题4选项

A.those

B.whose

C.its

D.their

问题5选项

A.decreased

B.increased

C.expanded

D.dwindled

问题6选项

A.initials

B.capitals

C.beginnings

D.letters

问题7选项

A.trigger

B.effect

C.initiation

D.consequence

问题8选项

A.feed

B.raise

C.feeding

D.raising

问题9选项

A.insteadof

B.inresponseto

C.inplaceof

D.ratherthan

问题10选项

A.which

B.how

C.why

D.when

问题11选项

A.affecting

B.affected

C.isaffected

D.isaffecting

问题12选项

A.double

B.multiple

C.fold

D.time

问题13选项

A.what

B.how

C.which

D.that

问题14选项

A.natural

B.scarce

C.plentiful

D.dormant

问题15选项

A.accountsfor

B.runsfor

C.speaksfor

D.countsfor

问题16选项

A.developed

B.developing

C.advanced

D.industrialized

问题17选项

A.home

B.export

C.exchange

D.foreign

问题18选项

A.remarkably

B.formidably

C.inevitably

D.consumedly

问题19选项

A.though

B.so

C.however

D.also

问题20选项

A.assessed

B.appraised

C.rated

D.estimated

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:D

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:A

第14题:B

第15题:B

第16题:B

第17题:A

第18题:D

第19题:D

第20题:D

【解析】（1）根据选项确定考察连词，句意：自从五年前在巴西里约热内卢举行的地球峰会以来，环境问题在政治上一直处于次要地位，而且遇到的问题并没有克服。表示句意顺承用and。

（2）A选项意思是‘克服，解决’，B选项意思是‘是突出，显著’，C选项意思是‘激发……的积极性’，D选项意思是‘面对，面临’。句意：而且遇到的问题并没有克服。A选项符合题意。

（3）根据空格后的名词tank确定这里需要填写一个形容词，只有A选项是形容词，所以A正确。

（4）根据空格后的动词reflects用的是三单形式，确定主语是单数，选项C符合题意。

（5）句意：在世界上的一些地方，用水量已经增长了五倍。A选项意思是‘减少’，B选项意思是‘增加’，C选项意思是‘扩大’，D选项意思是‘缩减’。B选项正确。

（6）A选项意思是‘英文缩写’，B选项意思是‘大写字母’，C选项意思是‘开始’，D选项意思是‘字母’。句意：这个因为它的缩写IFPKE而闻名的机构。A选项正确。

（7）A选项意思是‘触发器’，B选项意思是‘影响’，C选项意思是‘启蒙’，D选项意思是‘结果’。句意：短缺可能很快会触发冲突，A选项正确。

（8）feed意思是‘喂养’，raise意思是‘提高’，to表目的，后面接动词原形，排除CD选项。句意：也是阻碍世界人口增长的主要障碍，B选项正确。

（9）A选项意思是‘代替，而不是’，B选项意思是‘响应’，C选项意思是‘代替’，通常与be动词搭配使用，D选项意思是‘而不是’，通常不做主语。句意：人们常说水将代替石油将成为下个世纪战争的原因。A选项正确。

（10）定语从句，不缺成分，表示时间用when。

（11）空格后面有动词willincrease，所以空格里的词不能充当谓语，根据句意‘被水资源短缺影响的人’，表示被动，用过去分词，B选项符合题意。

（12）十倍，tentimes/fold/multiple，C选项正确。

（13）非限制性定语从句。用which引导。A选项正确

（14）A选项意思是‘自然的’，B选项意思是‘稀有的，缺乏的’，C选项意思是‘丰富的’，D选项意思是‘休眠的，静止的’。句意：水成为一种稀缺的资源的主要原因是农业。B选项正确。

（15）A选项意思是‘占……比例’，B选项意思是‘运行’，C选项意思是‘说明’，D选项意思是‘计数’。句意：农业用水占比全世界70%的水。B选项正确。

（16）A选项意思是‘先进的，发达的’，B选项意思是‘发展中的’，C选项意思是‘先进的，发达的’，D选项意思是‘工业化的’。句意：尤其是发展中国家。B选项正确。

（17）A选项意思是‘家，本地的’，B选项意思是‘出口’，C选项意思是‘交换，交易所’，D选项意思是‘外国的’。句意：无数的农民已经从种植本地农作物转向了高产的出口品种，A选项正确。

（18）A选项意思是‘显著地，非常地’，B选项意思是‘可怕地，强大地’，C选项意思是‘不可避免地，必然地’，D选项意思是‘格外地，大大地’。句意：无数的农民已经从种植本地农作物转向了高产的出口品种，这需要格外多的水。D选项正确。

（19）根据选项确定考察连词，句意：在一些地区，水资源短缺现在是养活人口的最大障碍。缺水还会导致水污染。Also表示‘也，还’，符合题意。

（20）A,B,C选项都表示‘评估’的意思,只有D选项是‘预估’的意思，所以D选项正确。

13.翻译题

Youthisnotatimeoflifeitisastateofmind.Itisnotamatterofredcheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees.Itisatemperofthewill;aqualityoftheimagination;avigoroftheemotions;itisafreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominanceofcourageovertimidity,oftheappetiteforadventureoveralifeofease.Thisoftenexistsinamanoffifty,morethaninaboyoftwenty.Nobodygrowsoldbymerelylivinganumberofyears;peoplegrowoldbydesertingtheirideals.

【答案】【参考译文】

青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙热的恋情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。

青春气贯长虹，勇锐盖过怯弱，进取压倒苟安。如此锐气，二十后生而有之，六旬男子则更多见。年岁有加，并非垂老，理想丢弃，方堕暮年。

14.单选题

Britishfoodhasagoodreputation,butEnglishcookinghasabadone.Itisdifficulttoexplainthereasonforthis.Unfortunately,however,superbrawingredientsareoftenminedfromthekitchensothattheycometothetablewithoutanyofthenaturalflavorandgoodness.

ThisbadreputationdiscouragesalotofpeoplefromeatinginanEnglishrestaurant.Iftheydogotoone,theyareusuallyfullofprejudiceagainstthefood.Itisapity,becausethereareexcellentcooksinEngland,excellentrestaurants,andexcellenthome-cooking.How,then,hasthebadreputationbeenbuiltup?

PerhapsonereasonisthatBritain’sIndustrialRevolutionoccurredveryearly,inthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.Asaresult;thequalityoffoodchangedtoo.ThiswasbecauseBritainstoppedbeingalargelyagriculturalcountry.Thepopulationofthetownsincreasedenormouslybetween1840and1870,andpeoplecouldnolongergrowtheirownfood,orbuyitfleshfromafarm.Hugequantitiesoffoodhadtobetakentothetowns,andalotofitlostitsfreshnessontheway.

Thislackoffreshnesswasdisguisedby“dressingup”thefood.Therichmiddleclassesate16ngelaboratemealswhichwerecookedforthembyFrenchchefs.Frenchbecame,andhasremained,theofficiallanguageofthediningroom.Out-of-seasondelicacieswereservedinspiteoftheirexpense,fortherewerealargenumberofextremelywealthypeoplewhowantedtoestablishthemselvessocially.The“look”ofthefoodwasmoreimportantthanitstaste.

Inthe1930s,thesupplyofservantbegantodecrease.Peoplestilltriedtoproducecomplicateddishes,however,buttheyeconomizedonthepreparationtime.TheSecondWorldWarmadethingsevenworsebymakingrawingredientsextremelyscarce.Asaresult,thereweremanywomenwhoneverhadtheopportunitytochooseapieceofmeatfromawell-stockedbutcher’sshop,butwerecontentandgratefultoacceptanythingthatwasofferedtothem.

FoodrationingcontinuedinBritainuntiltheearly1950s.Itwasonlyafterthishadstopped,andbutter,eggsandcreambecamemoreplentiful,anditwaspossibletotravelabroadagainandtasteotherwaysofpreparingfood,thattheEnglishdifferencetoeatingbecamereplacedbyanewenthusiasmforit.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,itisdifficulttoexplain（）.

2.ThenegativeeffectofBritain’sIndustrialRevolutiononEnglishcookingisthat（）.

3.AsaresultoftheIndustrialRevolution,（）.

4.TheSecondWorldWarworsenedtheproblembecause（）.

5.AnewenthusiasmforeatingemergedinBritain（）.

问题1选项

A.whyexcellentingredientsarespoiledintheprocessofcooking

B.whypeopledonotlikeEnglishcooking

C.whyBritishfoodoftenhasanaturalflavor

D.whypeoplepreferhome-cookingtoreadymadefood

问题2选项

A.thepopulationinthecountrysidedecreaseddramatically

B.peoplenolongergrewtheirownfoodontheirownfarms

C.thefreshnessoffoodwaslostonthewaytothecities

D.Britainwasnolongeranagriculturalcountry

问题3选项

A.moreattentionwasgiventothelookofthefood

B.FrenchbecametheofficiallanguageinEnglishrestaurants

C.alargenumberofextremelywealthypeopleateinFrenchrestaurants

D.out-of-seasondelicaciesbecameveryexpensive

问题4选项

A.therewasanincreasingdemandforservants

B.therewasalackofrawingredientsupply

C.manywomenrefusedtochoosemeatfrombutcher’sshops

D.FrenchchefsdominatedEnglishrestaurants

问题5选项

A.whenmanywomenfinallyhadtheopportunitytopurchasefleshmeatfromawell-stockedbutcher’sshop

B.whenbutter,eggsandcreambecameavailable

C.whenpeoplestartedtravelingtoothercities

D.aftertheearly1950s

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的一二句“Britishfoodhasagoodreputation,butEnglishcookinghasabadone.Itisdifficulttoexplainthereasonforthis.”可知，很难解释的是为什么人们不喜欢英国的烹饪。选项B符合原文。

2.根据关键词“IndustrialRevolution”定位到第三段，根据本段内容可知，英国工业革命对英国烹饪产生的一个负面影响是“Hugequantitiesoffoodhadtobetakentothetowns,andalotofitlostitsfreshnessontheway.”大量的食物被运到城镇，食物在运输的过程中不再新鲜。选项C符合原文。

3.根据第四段最后一句“The“look”ofthefoodwasmoreimportantthanitstaste.”工业革命使得人们更注重食物的外观而不是口感。选项A符合原文。

4.根据关键词“TheSecondWorldWar”定位到倒数第二段第三句“TheSecondWorldWarmadethingsevenworsebymakingrawingredientsextremelyscarce.”二战使得原材料极度匮乏，情况更加糟糕。选项B符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的内容可知，在1950年以后，英国出现了一种新的饮食热潮。选项D正确。

15.单选题

Hewasaccompaniedbyhisfaithfulfriendandsecretary,Mr.WilliamMinns,（

）.

问题1选项

A.withoutwhomhenevertravelled

B.withoutwhohenevertravelled

C.withouthimhenevertravelled

D.henevertravelledwithouthim

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构和选项，可知空格中填入非限制性定语从句，可由介词without+关系代词引导，who和him不能用作关系代词引导定语从句，选项B和C可排除。句意：他忠实的朋友兼秘书威廉•明斯先生，没有他经常陪同着他，每次旅游都会和他一起。因此选项A符合题意。

16.单选题

Asajuniorassistantmanager,hehadbeenselectedfor（）.

问题1选项

A.interruption

B.promotion

C.consideration

D.intuition

【答案】B

【解析】句意:作为一个年轻的副经理,他已被选中为提拔对象。

考查名词辨析。Interruption中断时间,打扰,插嘴;promotion提升,提拔,晋升;consideration仔细考虑,深思,斟酌;intuition直觉力,(一种)直觉。故B符合句意。

17.单选题

MaryBarton,particularlyinitsearlychapters,isamovingresponsetothesufferingofthe

industrialworkerintheEnglandofthe1840’s.Whatismostimpressiveaboutthebookistheintenseandpainstakingeffortmadebytheauthor,ElizabethGaskell,toconveytheexperienceofeverydaylifeinworking-classhomes.Hermethodispartlydocumentaryinnature:thenovelincludessuchfeaturesasacarefullyannotatedreproductionofdialect,theexactdetailsoffoodpricesinanaccountofateaparty,anitemizeddescriptionofthefurnitureoftheBartons’livingroom,andatranscription(againannotatedoftheballad“TheOldhamWeaver.”Theinterestofthisrecordisconsiderable,eventhoughthemethodhasaslightlydistancingeffect.

Asamemberofthemiddleclass,Gaskellcouldhardlyhelpapproachingworking-classlifeasanoutsideobserverandareporter,andthereaderofthenovelisalwaysconsciousofthisfact.Butthereisgenuineimaginativere-creationinheraccountsofthewalkinGreenHeysFields,ofteaattheBartons’house,andofJohnBartonandhisfriend’sdiscoveryofthestarvingfamilyinthecellarinthechapter“PovertyandDeath.”Indeed,forasimilarlyconvincingre-creationofsuchfamiliesemotionsandresponses(whicharemorecrucialthanthematerialdetailsonwhichthemerereporterisapttoconcentrate),theEnglishnovelhadtowait60yearsfortheearlywritingofD.H.Lawrence.IfGaskellneverquiteconveysthesenseoffullparticipationthatwouldcompletelyauthenticatethisaspectofMaryBarton,shestillbringstothesescenesanintuitiverecognitionoffeelingsthathasitsownsufficientconviction.

Thechapter“OldAlice’sHistory”brilliantlydramatizesthesituationofthatearlygenerationofworkersbroughtfromthevillagesandthecountrysidetotheurbanindustrialcenters.TheaccountofJobLegh,theweaverandnaturalistwhoisdevotedtothestudyofbiology,vividlyembodiesonekindofresponsetoanurbanindustrialenvironment:anaffinityforlivingthingsthathardens,byitsverycontrastwithitsenvironment,intoakindofcrankiness.Theearlychapters-aboutfactoryworkerswalkingoutinspringintoGreenHeysFields;aboutAliceWilson,rememberinginhercellarthetwig-gatheringforbroomsinthenativevillagethatshewillneveragainsee;aboutJobLgh,intentonhisimpaledinsects-capturethecharacteristicresponsesofagenerationtothenewandcrushingexperienceofindustrialism.Theotherearlychapterseloquentlyportraythedevelopmentoftheinstinctivecooperationwitheachotherthatwasalreadybecominganimportanttraditionamongworkers.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardGaskell’suseofthemethodofdocumentaryrecordinMaryBarton?Accordingtothepassage,MaryBartonandtheearlynovelsofD.HLawrencesharewhichofthefollowing?

2.WhichofthefollowingismostcloselyanalogoustoJobLeghinMaryBarton,asthatcharacterisdescribedinthepassage?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromexamplesgiveninthelastparagraphofthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingwaspartof“thenewandcrushingexperienceofindusfrialism”(lines33-34)formany4.membersoftheEnglishworkingclassinthenineteenthcentury?

5.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagebelievesthatMaryBartonmighthavebeenanevenbetternovelifGaskellhad（

）.

6.Whichofthefollowingphrasescouldbestbesubstitutedforthephrase‘"thisaspectofMaryBarton"inline20-21withoutchangingthemeaningofthepassageasawhole?

7.TheauthorofthepassagedescribesMaryBartonaseachofthefollowingEXCEPT

问题1选项

A.Uncriticalenthusiasm

B.Unresolvedambivalence

C.Qualifiedapproval

D.Resignedacceptance

问题2选项

A.Depictionofthefeelingsofworking-classfamilies.

B.Documentaryobjectivityaboutworking-classcircumstances.

C.Richlydetaileddescriptionofworking-classadjustmenttourbanlife.

D.Imaginativelystructuredplotsaboutworking-classcharacters.

问题3选项

A.Anentomologistwhocollectedbutterfliesasachild

B.Asmall-townattorneywhosehobbyisnaturephotography.

C.Ayoungmanwholeavershisfamily’sdairyfarmtostarthisownbusiness.

D.Acitydwellerwhoraisesexoticplantsonther