考研考博-英语-商丘职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-商丘职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Afteran（）tourperformance,theactressdecidedtoflytoHawaiitohaveafullrelaxation.

问题1选项

A.generous

B.exhausting

C.favorite

D.numerous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项generous“慷慨的，大方的”；B选项exhausting“使人筋疲力尽的”；C选项favorite“最受喜爱的”；D选项numerous“许多的”。句意：在一场使人筋疲力尽的巡回演唱会之后，这位女演员决定飞往夏威夷度假放松。根据句意女演员决定飞往夏威夷度假放松可知前面的演唱会让人筋疲力尽所以才想要放松。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Inmostcasespoliticiansare（）astheyseldomtellthetruth.

问题1选项

A.skeptical

B.pessimistic

C.incredulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A:skeptical“怀疑的，多疑的”；B:pessimistic“悲观的”；C:incredulous“怀疑的”；D:incredible“难以相信的”。句意：在大多数情况下，政治家都是难以相信的，因为他们很少说实话。结合此处句意，政治家很少说实话，判断出选项D为正确答案。

3.单选题

Film-makersworkverycloselywithscientistswhoseworkstudyingthecomplexityofanimallivesisvitalforwildlifeconservation.

问题1选项

A.reservation

B.utilization

C.dedication

D.protection

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.reservation预订；保留地B.utilization利用，使用

C.dedication奉献D.protection保护

【考查点】名词辨析

【解题思路】与原词搭配的是“野生动物”，原词conservation“保护”，指野生动物保护，D选项protection“保护”，与原词最接近。

【干扰项排除】

A选项reservation“预订；保留地”，与原词是形近词，但两者意义不同；

B选项utilization“利用，使用”，没有依据，且利用野生动物，不符合语境；

C选项dedication“奉献”，没有依据，且奉献野生动物，不搭配。

【句意】电影制作人与科学家密切合作，这些科学家研究动物生活的复杂性，对野生动物保护至关重要。

4.单选题

Therearesomanynewbooksaboutdyingthattherearenowspecialshelvessetasidefortheminbookshops,alongwiththehealth-dietandhome-repairpaperbacks.Someofthemareso（1）withdetailedinformationandstep-by-stepinstructionsforperformingthefunction,thatyou’dthinkthiswasanewsortof（2）whichallofusarenowrequiredtolearn.Thestrongestimpressionthecasualreadergetsisthatproperdyinghasbecomeanextraordinary,（3）anexoticexperience,somethingonlythespeciallytrainedcando.

（4）,youcouldbeledtobelievethatwearetheonly（5）capableofbeingawareofdeath,andthatwhentherestnatureisexperiencingthelifecycleanddying,onegenerationafter（6）,itisadifferentkindofprocess,doneautomaticallyandtrivially,ormore“natural”,aswesay.

Anelminourbackyard（7）theblight（枯萎病）thissummeranddroppedstonedead,leafless,almostovernight.Oneweekend（8）wasanormal-lookingelm,maybealittlebareinspotsbut（9）alarming,andthenextweekenditwasgone,passedover,departed,taken.Takenisright,forthetreesurgeoncamebyyesterdaywithhis（10）ofyounghelpersandtheircherrypicker,andtookitdownbranchbybranchandcarteditoffinthebackofaredtruck,everyone（11）.

Thedying（12）afieldmouse,atthejawsofanamiablehouseholdcat,isaspectacleIhavebeheldmanytimes.It（13）tomakemewince.However,earlyinlifeIgaveupthrowingsticks（14）thecattomakehimdropthemouse.（15）thedroopedmouseregularlywentaheadanddiedanyway.

问题1选项

A.contained

B.embraced

C.packed

D.littered

问题2选项

A.ability

B.skill

C.quality

D.technology

问题3选项

A.and

B.even

C.yet

D.but

问题4选项

A.Furthermore

B.However

C.Evenso

D.Sincethen

问题5选项

A.races

B.creatures

C.people

D.human

问题6选项

A.theother

B.another

C.thenext

D.thefollowing

问题7选项

A.caught

B.held

C.took

D.picked

问题8选项

A.that

B.which

C.it

D.this

问题9选项

A.something

B.anything

C.nothing

D.everything

问题10选项

A.crew

B.members

C.corps

D.fellows

问题11选项

A.sings

B.sang

C.sung

D.singing

问题12选项

A.to

B.in

C.for

D.of

问题13选项

A.was

B.wasused

C.used

D.wasabout

问题14选项

A.into

B.on

C.at

D.off

问题15选项

A.but

B.because

C.while

D.inorderthat

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:C

第10题:A

第11题:D

第12题:D

第13题:C

第14题:C

第15题:B

【解析】1.考查动词辨析。根据句意,空格处的动词应表示“包括”，A项和B项虽然符合句意，但两者都是及物动词，不能跟with连用。bepackedwith表示“充满/充斥……”，符合搭配跟语义。belitteredwith表示“胡乱丢满，到处都是”，不符合句意。因此选C。

2.考查名词辨析。该处句意为:一些书中充斥着细节信息和详细说明，以至于你会认为这是要求去学习的一种新……。因此B项“技能”符合句意跟搭配。

3.逻辑分析。句子中，exotic表示“奇异的'而extraordinary表示“非常奇特的”，因此，两者之间是递进的逻辑关系。因此B项正确。

4.逻辑分析。前面指出:适当的死亡已然成了一种奇特的经历。后面指出:书中内容会让你觉得我们是唯一有死亡意识的生物。所以该处是进一步介绍书籍给人们关于死亡的印象。故选A项“此外，而且”。

5.考查名词辨析。该处句意为:书中内容会让你觉得我们是唯一有死亡意识的……，自然界中的其他生命经历着生命的周期和死亡。因此可知，空格处应该为“生物”。

6.考查代词辨析。此处another“又一个”与one“一个”构成搭配。在这里表示“一代又一代”。

7.考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去式。该处句意为:我家后院的榆树今年夏天染上了枯萎病。Catch染上，患，得(感冒等疾病)；hold持有，抓住；take(疾病)突然侵袭；pick采集，挑选。因此A项符合句意。

8.语法分析。句子中，but是连词，因此，but之前的句子应该是个完整的句子，而“maybealittlebareinsports”是名词性结构，即逗号之前的部分应该是主谓宾完整的句子，故空格处缺少能做主语的词，而且需要指代“elm”，因此，C项符合要求。

9.考查代词辨析。该处句意为:或许出现些斑点，但……让人担忧，而且外表看来一切正常，而且第二周就没有了……。因为外表正常，而且第二周就没有了，因此，榆树出现的问题不严重，故没有什么让人担忧的

10.【试题答案】A

考查名词辨析。根据句意可知这里应该表示的是“他的全体工作人员”，故选A。

11.语法题。考查非谓语动词。everyone之前是逗号，而前面是完整的句子，因此，everyone的动词应该是非谓语形式，再者everyone与sing之间是主动关系，因此，D项的“singing”是现在分词做伴随状语。

12.考查介词辨析。afieldmouse是dying的定语，因此该处应该是表示“一只田鼠的死”。因此选D项。

13.考查动词辨析。空格处缺少谓语动词。Beto将要，不符合句意。Beusedto习惯于，不符合句意。Usedtodo过去常常，符合句意。Beabout即将，正打算，不符合句意。故选C。

14.考查固定搭配。Throwat投向，掷向。

15.逻辑分析。前句句意为:但是，我老早就不再向叼着田鼠的猫扔棍子，让它

把田鼠放下。该句句意为:被放下的老鼠通常还是会死掉。因此前后是因果关系。后面是原因。故选B。

5.单选题

Theyassistedtheofficialsinorganizingprojects,tookresponsibilityfortheirmaintenance,andattendedtothecountlessdetailsinvolvedintheorganization,direction,and（）ofmassesoflaborers.

问题1选项

A.staff

B.sustenance

C.ingredients

D.components

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项staff“职员”；B选项sustenance“生计”；C选项ingredient“原料，要素”；D选项component“成分，组件”。题干提到，官员组织项目，负责项目的维护，其中也提到劳动者，可推测劳动者的生计问题受到关注，可知B选项正确。句意：他们帮助官员组织项目，负责项目的维护，处理组织、指导和广大劳动者的……所涉及到的无数的细节。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Heraisedhiseyebrowsandstuckhisheadforwardand（）itinasinglenod,agestureboysusedthenforO.K.whentheywerepleased.

问题1选项

A.shrugged

B.tugged

C.jerked

D.twisted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项shrugged“耸肩”；B选项tugged“用力拖，拉”；C选项jerked“使猝然一动，猛拉”；D选项twisted“使缠绕”。句意：他扬起眉毛，把头向前探了探，猛地点了点头，这是当时男孩们高兴时用来表示“OK”的手势。本句表示猛地点了点头，因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

Ifeltmyself（）andmyhandstrembledasIread:Wehaveyourson.Heissafesofar.Ifyouobeyordershewillbesoonbebackwithyou.

问题1选项

A.begrowingcold

B.growcold

C.havegrowncold

D.togrowcold

【答案】B

【解析】感官动词如feel,see,watch,hear后面接动词原形或动名词,

首先排除选项A和D。根据句意：当我读到:“你的儿子在我们手里,

他目前很安全,

只要你遵守约定,

他将很快回到你身边”时,

我感到不寒而栗,

手也开始颤抖。这里用一般现在时即可,

选项B正确。

8.单选题

Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich（）thetraffic.

问题1选项

A.setback

B.stoodback

C.heldup

D.keptdown

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。setback“推迟，使受…挫折”；standback“退后，往后站”；holdup“举起，阻拦”；keepdown“控制，镇压”。句意：路上的一个大洞阻碍了交通。C项符合题意。

9.单选题

Wemustlearntomeetmisfortunegracefully.

问题1选项

A.adversity

B.famine

C.enormity

D.nuance

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.adversity逆境；不幸B.famine饥荒

C.enormity巨大；暴行D.nuance细微差别

【答案】A

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意：我们必须学会优雅地面对不幸。划线词misfortune意为“厄运；不幸”。因此A选项与之意思相近，选A。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】我们必须学会优雅地面对不幸。

10.单选题

Inhislecture,ProfMendezreviewedtheevidencesforthealteredviewoftheplateboundarybetweentheIndiansubcontinentandtheTibetanPlateauthatisnowgaininggroundamong

Europeangeologist

问题1选项

A.reviewedthe

B.evidencesforthealteredview

C.thatisnow

D.gainingground

E.没有错误

【答案】B

【解析】名词误用。evidences去掉s。evidence在句中表示"证据",为不可数名词。

11.单选题

Goingthroughatrickydivorcewouldbeenoughtoputanyoneoffmarriageforlife.Butanewstudyshowsthatmenaremuchmorelikelyto______astressfulandcomplicatedbreak-upthanwomen.

问题1选项

A.geton

B.getoff

C.getover

D.getin

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。geton“上车；进展”；getoff”脱下；下车“；getover”克服“；getin”进入；陷入“。句意：经历一场棘手的离婚足以让任何人放弃婚姻。但一项新的研究表明，男性比女性更有可能……一段紧张而复杂的分手。句中but，因而存在转折关系，说明男性比女性更容易从分手中振作起来。因此选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Lastyear,Mattearned（）hisbrother,whohasabetterposition.

问题1选项

A.twiceasmuchas

B.twiceasmanyas

C.twicemoreas

D.twiceasmoreas

【答案】A

【解析】考查倍数的表达。1.倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+其它。这种结构又常演变成下列两类：①倍数+as+many+可数名词复数+as；②倍数+as+much+不可数名词+as。如:ThereareseventimesasmanypeopleasIexpected.（是我预料的人数的七倍。），Thereisfivetimesasmuchcoffeeinthisglassasinthatone.（这个杯子里的咖啡是那个杯子里的五倍。），这个句子前半句说马特赚得比他哥哥多，肯定是钱money赚得多，而money是不可数，所以不能用many，排除B选项。没有C，D选项的用法。句意：去年马特比他哥哥赚得多两倍，而他哥哥的职位比他高。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

13.单选题

WhenUseHaddasoldherroomy,threebedroomhouseayearagotomoveintoatwo-bedroomcondoinBerkeley,California,shestruggledtoarrangeheroldfurnitureinhernewspace.Familiarpiecesthathadfittogethersonaturallybeforenolongerconnectedinthesamehomeyway.Nothingseemedtowork.Hersevenlargewoodenbookshelves,standingtogetherintheliving/diningroomarea,lookedawkwardandalittleoverwhelming.Shecouldn’tfindspaceforherfavoriteleatherchairandtheotherfurnituregroupedaroundthelivingroomfireplace.Inanalcoveoffthemasterbedroom,herdeskfeltoutofplaceandgotinthewayofthein-wallironingboard."Iwasfrustratedbecauseitlookedawful,shesays.

Haddaturnedtoasurprisingsourceforhelpthe"homestager"she'dhiredearliertostripthepersonalityfromheroldhomesoitwouldbemoreattractivetopotentialbuyers.

It'snotasstrangeasitsounds.Real-estateagentsoftenrecommendthatsellershireahomestager(alsoknownasreal-estateenhancer)towhiskthroughtheirhomesand"neutralize"thembeforetheygoonthemarket.When"stagingtosell,"ahomestager,sometimeswiththehelpofateam,stashesawaypersonalitems(yourcollectionofantiquedolls,forexample,orthemodelboatonthemantel);repaintsaggressivelycoloredwalls,andrearrangesfurnitureandaccessoriestodrawattentiontoahome'sbestfeatures."Stagingtolive,"asit'scalled,isthelogicalnextstep.Havingcometoappreciatetheclean,unclutteredlookthestagerachievedintheiroldhomes,sellerarerehiringstagerstoworkthesamemagicintheirnewhome.Butthistime,insteadofseekingtodepersonalizeyourabode,theemphasisisonorganizing,decluttering,andrearrangingto"de-stress"theenvironment,saysBarbSchwarz,who'sbeenstaginghomesformorethan30yearsandfoundedtheInternationalAssociationofHomeStagingProfessionalsfouryearsago.

"It'svisualtherapy,"saysSchwarz."It'saboutfine-tuningaspacetoimproveitsenergyandtheflowfromroomtoroom,"shesays.Schwarzestimatesthatabout40percentofherstaging-to-sellclientsaskhertostagetheirnewhomes.

Stagingisalsoaboutgettingridoffamiliarobjectsthathomeownersareoverlyattachedto,saysinteriordesignerPatMcMillan,coauthorofHomeDecoratingforDummies.Astager"canbebrutallyhonest"aboutdisposingofclutterandrelegatingtattyfamilyheirloomstothecloset.

Anyonecanhangoutashingleinthisrapidlygrowingfield,throughathree-daycourseatoneofSchwarz'sStagingUniversitytrainingprogramswhichcoverssuchtopicsastrafficpatterns,furniturearrangement,and"familylifestyle”,earnsgraduatestherighttocallthemselvesAccreditedStagingProfessionals.Feesvarywidelybuttypicallyrunabout$75anhour.Dependingonthenumberofrooms,thetotalfeetostageahomemayrangeanywherefrom$750to$3,0000,saysSchwarz.

1.Thesentence"Nothingseemedtowok"(Paragraph1)probablymeans（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothethirdparagraph?

3.Wemayinferfromthethirdparagraphthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thestagerfieldistheoneinwhich?

问题1选项

A.herfurniturelosttheirfunctionsfortheirnewarrangement

B.shehadlostherjobandhadnothingtodo

C.herfurnitureweretoooldtobeusedanylonger

D.shedidn'tlikeherfurnitureanymorefortheirawfullooking

问题2选项

A.Onehomestagerisenoughtodoalltheworks.

B.Thestagerstrytheirbesttopreventthehousefrombeingsold.

C.Personalitemsofthehomeownerwillbeusedtodrawattention.

D.Wallswithinappropriatecolorswillberepainted.

问题3选项

A.stagingtoliveisacertainstepforallthe"stagingtosell"clients.

B.stagersarerehiredtohelptheclientsorganizetheirnewhouses.

C.stagersarerehiredtohelptheclientsselltheirnewhouses.

D.stagingtolivecostsmuchmorethanthestepof“stagingtosell”.

问题4选项

A.anyonecanbuyasatisfyinghousefrom

B.anyonecanearnalotofmoney

C.anyonecanhaveatry

D.anyonecanstartatrainingcompany

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“句子‘没有什么看起来发挥了作用’可能是什么意思？”文章第一段第二句提到曾经摆放在一起的成套的家具现在却不再按照以前的方式摆放了（Familiarpiecesthathadfittogethersonaturallybeforenolongerconnectedinthesamehomeyway）；第四句提到她的七个大型的木制书柜被摆放在客厅里面，使它们看起来不协调并且占了大量的空间（Hersevenlargewoodenbookshelves,standingtogetherintheliving/diningroomarea,lookedawkwardandalittleoverwhelming），因此可知选项A“重新摆放后的家具失去了作用”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第三段可知下列哪句话是正确的？”文章第二段提到Hadda后悔没有早点找一个理家老手来帮她去掉房子之前的印记，以便吸引潜在买家（Haddaturnedtoasurprisingsourceforhelpthe"homestager"she'dhiredearliertostripthepersonalityfromheroldhomesoitwouldbemoreattractivetopotentialbuyers），由此可知选项D“不合适的墙面颜色需要重新刷油漆”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“从第三段可推断出什么？”文章第三段倒数第二句话提到在见识到了理家老手的高超手段后，他们会再次雇佣理家老手去打理他们的新家（Havingcometoappreciatetheclean,unclutteredlookthestagerachievedintheiroldhomes,sellerarerehiringstagerstoworkthesamemagicintheirnewhome），因此选项B符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，理家行业怎么样？”文章最后一段第一句话提到每个人都可以尝试在这个领域发展（Anyonecanhangoutashingleinthisrapidlygrowingfield），选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Mr.Smithhadanunusual（

）:hewasfirstanofficeclerk,thenasailor,andendedupasaschoolteacher.

问题1选项

A.profession

B.occupation

C.position

D.career

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项profession“（需要教育、大量训练和专门学习的法律、医学、教育等脑力劳动方面的）专业或职业”；B选项occupation“（成为正常的生活来源的一项活动）职业，行业，位置”；C选项position“（雇用）职位，工作，职务”；D选项career“事业，生涯；某人工作经历或事业上取得成就的总的过程或进程”。句意：史密斯先生有着不寻常的人生：他起初当过办公室职员，然后当海员，最终做了一名教师。根据句意，选项D选项正确。

15.单选题

Thatmanclaimedtobea(n)（）ofConfucius.

问题1选项

A.descending

B.ascending

C.descendant

D.offspring

【答案】C

【解析】近义词辨析。Descending“下降”，ascending“上升”，descendant“后裔；子孙”，offspring“后代；产物”，offspring作复数，句意：那个人自称是孔子的后代。所以C符合题意。

16.单选题

（）,itisquiteeasytodrillaholeonitwithlaser.

问题1选项

A.Asthediamondishard

B.Howhardisthediamond

C.Hardasthediamondis

D.Hardalthoughthediamondis

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒装用法。由前后两句的关系可知，前一个分句为让步状语，由此知B项与D项不正确；再由as引导让步状语从句时，后面做表语的名词或形容词要放在as前来形成倒装，故C项正确。句意：钻石虽硬，但是用激光很容易钻一个洞。

17.单选题

Biologicaldiversityhasbecomewidelyrecognizedasacriticalconservationissueonlyinthepasttwodecades.Therapiddestructionofthetropicalrainforests,whicharetheecosystemswiththehighestknownspeciesdiversityonEarth,hasawakenedpeopletotheimportanceandfragilityofbiologicaldiversity.Thehighrateofspeciesextinctionsintheseenvironmentsisjolting,butitisimportanttorecognizethesignificanceofbiologicaldiversityinallecosystems.Asthehumanpopulationcontinuestoexpand,itwillnegativelyaffectoneafteranotherofEarth’secosystems.Interrestrialecosystemsandinfringemarineecosystems(suchaswetlands),themostcommonproblemishabitatdestruction.Inmostsituations,theresultisirreversible.Nowhumansarebeginningtodestroymarineecosystemsthroughothertypesofactivities,suchasdisposalandrunoffofpoisonouswaste;inlessthantwocenturies,bysignificantlyreducingthevarietyofspeciesonEarth,theyhaveunraveledconsofevolutionandirrevocablyredirecteditscourse.

Certainly,therehavebeenperiodsinEarth’shistorywhenmassextinctionshaveoccurred.Theextinctionofthedinosaurswascausedbysomephysicalevent,eitherclimaticorcosmic.Therehavealsobeenlessdramaticextinctions,aswhennaturalcompetitionbetweenspeciesreachedanextremeconclusion.Only0.1percentofthespeciesthathavelivedonEarthhavesurvivedtothepresent,anditwaslargelychancethatdeterminedwhichspeciessurvivedandwhichdiedout.

However,nothinghaseverequatedthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworldanddemolishingtheenvironment.Infact,thereiswideagreementthatitistherateofchangehumansareinflicting,evenmorethanthechangesthemselves,thatwillleadtobiologicaldevastation.LifeonEarthhascontinuallybeeninfluxasslowphysicalandchemicalchangeshaveoccurredonEarth,butlifeneedstimetoadapt-timeformigrationandgeneticadaptationwithinexistingspeciesandtimefortheproliferationofnewgeneticmaterialandnewspeciesthatmaybeabletosurviveinnewenvironments.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.TheauthormentionsthereductionofthevarietyofspeciesonEarthinline10tosuggestthat（

）.

3.Theauthormentionstheextinctionofthedinosaursinthesecondparagraphtoemphasizethat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,naturalevolutionarychangeisdifferentfromchangescausedbyhumansinthatchangescausedbyhumans（

）.

5.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.Thecausesoftheextinctionofthedinosaur

B.Thevarietyofspeciesfoundintropicalrainforests.

C.TheimpactofhumanactivitiesonEarth’secosystems

D.Thetimerequiredforspeciestoadapttonewenvironments.

问题2选项

A.newhabitatscanbecreatedforspecies

B.humansareoftenmadeillbypollutedwater

C.somespecieshavebeenmadeextinctbyhumanactivity

D.anunderstandingofevolutioncanpreventcertainspeciesfromdisappearing.

问题3选项

A.thecauseofthedinosaurs’extinctionisunknown

B.Earth’sclimatehaschangedsignificantlysincethedinosaurs’extinction.

C.notallmassextinctionshavebeencausedbyhumanactivity

D.actionsbyhumanscouldnotstoptheirreversibleprocessofaspecies’extinction

问题4选项

A.areoccurringatamuchfasterrate

B.arelessdevastatingtomostspecies

C.affectfewerecosystems

D.arereversible

问题5选项

A.Humaninfluenceonecosystemsshouldnotbeafactorindeterminingpublicpolicy

B.Theextinctionofafewspeciesisanacceptableconsequenceofhumanprogress.

C.Technologywillprovidesolutionstoproblemscausedbythedestructionofecosystems.

D.Humansshouldbemoreconsciousoftheinfluencetheyhaveonecosystems.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章提到了由于人类的活动导致一些动物灭绝，导致各种污染，严重破坏了地球生态系统。文章最后一段However,nothinghaseverequatedthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworldanddemolishingtheenvironment提到人类改变物理和化学世界以及毁坏环境的速度和程度已经超过了一切其他事物。选项C“人类活动对地球生态系统的影响”符合题意。

2.文章第一段Nowhumansarebeginningtodestroymarineecosystemsthroughothertypesofactivities,suchasdisposalandrunoffofpoisonouswaste提到人类正通过其他活动来破坏海洋生态系统，比如有毒垃圾的排放，可知由于人类的活动导致很多动物灭绝。选项C符合题意。

3.文章第二段第一句Certainly,therehavebeenperiodsinEarth’shistorywhenmassextinctionshaveoccurred提到有些动物的灭绝是地球历史进程中的结果。紧接着这用恐龙灭绝来佐证这个观点。选项C“不是所有动物的灭绝都是人类行为导致的”符合题意。

4.文章最后一段提到人类改变物理和化学世界以及破坏地球的速度比任何事物都快，并且事实上即将会导致生物毁坏的是人类正在造成的变化速度已经超过了变化本身。选项A符合题意。

5.文章第一段提到生物多样性已经成为一个公认的严重环保问题（Biologicaldiversityhasbecomewidelyrecognizedasacriticalconservationissueonlyinthepasttwodecades），文章最后也提到事实上有一种广泛的共识就是即将会导致生物毁坏的是人类正在造成的变化速度已经超过了变化本身（Infact,thereiswideagreementthatitistherateofchangehumansareinflicting,evenmorethanthechangesthemselves），根据以上这些可推断人类应该更加意识到自己行为对生态系统的影响作用。选项D符合题意。

18.单选题

Youheartherefrainallthetime;theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn'tfeelgood.Whydoesn'tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent(富裕的)SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodemclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn'treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively-andwrongly-labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil.”

It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrichoverpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople'sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon'tsatisfytheirrisingwantsforbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey'vebecome“thedisposableAmerican,”asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopianpossibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity（肥胖症）.Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We'vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness?

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause（

）.

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”（Line3,Para.5）?

5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

问题1选项

A.Whystatisticsdon'ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B.Whyaffluencedoesn'tguaranteehappiness.

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

问题2选项

A.publicspendinghasn'tbeencutdownasexpected

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodemsociety

问题3选项

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.

D.Healthcareandeducationalcosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

问题4选项

A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

问题5选项

A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B.Asenseofself-fulfillment

C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段第二句:Whydoesn'tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluentSocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97(为什么日益增长的财富不能让人感觉日益幸福呢？这个问题至少可以追溯到1958年的《富裕社会》一书，作者JohnKennethGalbraith最近去世了，享年97岁),由此可知JohnKennethGalbraith在《富裕社会》一书中提到的问题是“为什么富裕不能意味幸福”即选项B。

2.细节事实题。第三段第一句:..materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent(物质主义太盛行，将滋生不满)。由此可知D项“现代社会物质主义泛滥”正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干关键词peoplefeelsqueezed定位至第四段最后一句:Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon'tsatisfytheirrisingwantsforbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections(人们感觉‘财政吃紧’，因为增长的收入常常不能满足越来越高的需求--更大的房子、更完备的医疗、更优质的教育、更快捷的网络连接)。因此选A“物质追求超出了他们的收入”。

4.词义题。“thedisposableAmerican,”在第五段,其前面句为:Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving(人们把工作稳定性当作生活水平的一部分)以及Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded(公司解雇人员在增加，削弱了工作的稳定性)。因此这些“遗弃的美国人”指不再有稳定工作的工人，故选择D。

5.细节事实题。第七段指出:Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder(“但寻求增长会带来新的焦虑和经济冲突，这些将扰乱社会秩序)。由此可知选C“新的忧虑和经济冲突”。

19.单选题

Theprocessofperceivingotherpeopleisrarelytranslated(toourselvesorothers)intocold,objectiveterms.“Shewas5feet8inchestall,hadfairhair,andworeacoloredskirt.”Moreoften,wetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpointhisorherattitudes,emotions,motivations,abilities,ideasandcharacters.Furthermore,wesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly-perhapswithatwo-secondglance.

Wetrytoobtaininformationaboutothersinmanyways.Bergersuggestsseveralmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers:watching,withoutbeingnoticed,apersoninteractingwithothers,particularlywithotherswhoareknowntoyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson’sbehaviorwiththeknownothers’behavior;observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehaviorisrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponsesarecalledfor;deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocialenvironmentsoastoobservetheperson’sresponsestospecificstimuli;askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththepersonabouthimorher;andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-faceinteractiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson-questions,self-disclosures(自我表露)，andsoon.Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeopleareconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationareoftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon’teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Itwillalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseeminglyinconsistentbehavior.Ironically(讽刺性地)，thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowinganotherpersontoowell(e.g.,secretsanddeceptions)maybejustasimportanttothedevelopmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethingsthatenableustoobtainaccur