考研考博-英语-广西国际商务职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西国际商务职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

“Ineveryknownhumansocietythemale’sneedsforachievementcanberecognized.Inagreatnumberofhumansocietiesmen’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice.Theirmalenessinfacthastobeunderwrittenbypreventingwomenfromenteringsomefieldorperformingsomefeat.”

ThisistheconclusionoftheanthropologistMargaretMeadaboutthewayinwhichtherolesofmenandwomeninsocietyshouldbedistinguished.

Iftalkandprintareconsidereditwouldseemthattheformalemancipationofwomenisfarfromcomplete.Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemofdefenceswhichmenhavethrownuparoundtheirhithertoacceptedadvantages,takingsometimestheobviousformofexclusionfromtypesofoccupationandsociablegroupings,andsometimesthemoresubtleformofautomaticdoubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.

Thereareagoodmanyobjectivepiecesofevidencefortheerosionofmen’sstatus.Inthefirstplace,thereisthewidespreadpostwarphenomenonofthewomanPrimeMinister,inIndia,SriLankaandIsrael.

Secondly,thereistheverylargeincreaseinthenumberofwomenwhowork,especiallymarriedwomenandmothersofchildren.Morediffuselytherearetheincreasinglynumerousconvergencesbetweenmaleandfemalebehavior:theapproximationtoidenticalstylesindressandcoiffure,thesharingofdomestictasks,andtheadmissionofwomentoallsortsofhithertoexclusivelymaleleisure-timeactivities.

Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.Itisacquiredmorebythestudyofhumorouscartoonsthanofarchaeology,butthatdoesnotmattersinceitisnotsignificantastheorybutonlyasanexpressionofinwardlyfeltexpectationsofpeople’ssenseofwhatisfundamentallyproperinthedifferentiationbetweentherolesofthetwosexes.Inthisrudimentarynaturalsocietymengoouttohuntandfishandtofightoffthetribenextdoorwhilewomenkeepthefiregoing.Amorousinitiativeisfirmlyreservedtotheman,whosetsaboutcourtshipwithaclub.

52.Thephrase“men’ssurenessoftheirsexrole”inthefirstparagraphsuggeststhatthey（）.

53.ThethirdparagraphdoesNOTclaimthatmen（）.

54.Thethirdparagraph（）.

55.Attheendofthelastparagraphtheauthoruseshumorousexaggerationinorderto（）.

问题1选项

A.areconfidentintheirabilitytocharmwomen

B.taketheinitiativeincourtship

C.haveaclearideaofwhatisconsidered“manly”

D.tendtobemoreimmoralthanwomenare

问题2选项

A.preventwomenfromtakingupcertainprofessions

B.secretlyadmirewomen’sintellectandresolution

C.doubtwhetherwomenreallymeantosucceedinbusiness

D.forbidwomentojoincertainclubsandsocieties

问题3选项

A.generallyagreeswiththefirstparagraph

B.hasnoconnectionwithfirstparagraph

C.repeatstheargumentofthesecondparagraph

D.contradictsthelastparagraph

问题4选项

A.showthatmenarestrongerthanwomen

B.carryfurthertheideasoftheearlierparagraphs

C.supportthefirst.sentenceofthesameparagraph

D.disowntheideasheisexpressing

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】52.判断推理题。根据文章关键词定位到第一段men’ssurenessoftheirsexroleistiedupwiththeirright,orability,topracticesomeactivitythatwomenarenotallowedtopractice．（男子对其性别角色的确定与他们从事某些妇女不允许从事的活动的权利或能力有关）。从此句可知，男人们很清楚自己的“大男人”的角色，并且通过一些方式来把握和巩固这个地位，因此C选项“清楚地知道什么才是‘男子汉气概’”正确。A选项“对自己吸引女性的能力有信心”，没有提及；B选项“在求爱中采取主动”，亦没有提及；D选项“往往比女人更不道德”，文章没有具体说明。

53.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageofwomenandaboutthecomplicatedsystemof...doubtoftheseriousnessofwomen’spretensionstothelevelofintellectandresolutionthatmen,itissupposed,bringtothebusinessofrunningtheworld.（有大量的出版物是关于持续的对妇女的家庭束缚，关于男性为他们迄今所接受的优势建立的复杂的防御体系，有时以排除在各种职业和社交团体之外的明显形式出现，有时，更微妙的形式是，对女性自命不凡的严肃程度的自动怀疑，就像人们认为的，男性在管理世界时所具有的智慧和决心。）从这段话中可以看到A选项“阻止妇女从事某种职业”；B选项“暗自羡慕女人的智慧和决心”以及D选项“禁止妇女参加某些俱乐部和社团”都是文段中有提到的，只有C选项“怀疑女性是否真的想在商业上取得成功”是没有提及的，因此C选项当选。

54.判断推理题。第一段讲述的是男性会通过阻止妇女进入某个领域或从事某项壮举来保证他们的男子气概，而第三段说Thereisaflowofpublicationsaboutthecontinuingdomesticbondageof...occupationandsociablegroupings.（关于妇女继续受到家庭奴役和男子围绕其迄今为止公认的优势所建立的复杂的防御体系的出版物层出不穷，有时采取明显的形式，将妇女排除在各种职业和社交团体之外。）和第一段说的几乎都是同样的主题，因此A选项“大致同意第一段”正确。B选项“和第一段没有关系”；C选项“重复第二段的论点”以及D选项“与最后一段矛盾”，最后一段并没有谈到这方面的信息，都不正确。

55.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段，在文章最后一段结尾处作者用比较夸张的方式提到，在原始社会里，男人和女人的分工，以及扮演的角色。而本段第一句话Everyonecarriesroundwithhimafairlydefiniteideaoftheprimitiveornaturalconditionsofhumanlife.（人们都持着那种从人类最原始的状态时就有的关于男人和女人社会角色的观点。）因此最后两句话形象而具体地解释了那种观点到底是什么。因此C选项“支持同一段的第一句话”正确。A选项“表明男人比女人更强大”，并没有明确说明；B选项“进一步表达最初段落的意思”，最后一段并没有继续讲述第一段的信息；D选项“否认他所表达的观点”，不正确。

2.单选题

Howmightwestabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere?Thatquestionloomslargeintheeyesofscientistsandpoliticalleadersasthelevelsofcarbondioxidegrow.Carbondioxideandmethanehavelonglivesintheatmosphereand,oncetheyarethere,Earthmaybedestinedtobecomewarmer.Ifwefindthattheclimateisbecomingtoowarm,thereisnoeasyorrapidwaytoremovethegasesandreturntoanearlierclimatepattern.

Wemaybeabletocontrolfossilfueluseandratesofdeforestation,butthereisnodirectwaytocontroltheaccelerationofdecayexceptbystoppingthewarming.Tostabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereimmediately,wewouldhavetocutpresentreleaseabout4billiontonsofcarbonannually.Itisnotnowpossibletoaccomplishthiswithoutreducingbothdeforestationandourconsumptionoffossilfuels.

Mostscientistsbelievethatifimmediateglobalactionisnottaken,therapidincreasesofatmosphericcarbonfromdecaywillexceedthereductionsmadepossiblethroughcontroloffossilfueluseandmanagementofforests.In1990,theUnitedNationsgatheredmanyscientistsfromaroundtheworldtoreviewtheseissues.Thisgroup,theIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,concludedthatanimmediate60percentreductioninfossilfuelusewouldbenecessary.ButbyApril1992,nonationhadacceptedthegoal,thoughseveralhadrecognizedaneedforreducingemissionsby20percent.

AttheEarthSummitinJune1992,leadersfrommostindustrializednationsagreedinprincipletoreturntoearlierlevelsofcarbondioxideemissions—thoughoppositionfromtheUnitedStatespreventedthemfromagreeingtospecifictargetsforemissions,asmanyscientistshadhoped.Theleadersalsoagreedtoassistdevelopingnationsinlimitingtheirreleasesofgreenhousegases.

Humanbeingsareonlyoneofmillionsoforganismssufficientlydifferentoneanothertoberecognizedasspecies.Untilthe1980s,scientistsestimatedthattherewerebetween3millionand10millionspeciesonEarth.Then,scientistsbegantoexaminepopulationsofinsectslivinginthehighfoliageoftreesintropicalforest,andtheexperiencecausedthemtoincreasetheirestimateto30millionspecies.Afterscientistsbegantoconsiderthepopulationsofmicroorganismsinthetropics,theupperlimitoftheirestimatesroseto10(Jmillionspecies.Weshallprobablyneverhaveanaccuratecountofthedifferentkindsoforganismsthatshareourplanet.

Wedoknow,however,thatthesespecies—plantsandanimalstogether—keeptheplanetfunctioningasahabitatsuitableforall.WealsoknowthathumanactivitiesarereducingboththenumbersofspeciesonEarthandthepotentialoflandandwaterforsupportingthem.Thisprocessiscommonlycalledbioticimpoverishment—thelossoftherichbiologicalofEarth.

1.Thereasonwhyitisnoteasytocorrectglobalwarmingisthat（

）.

2.Tostoptheglobalwarming,wehaveto

（

）.

3.Itisimpliedthat,atthe1992EarthSummit,

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutspeciesonearth?

5.Thetextismainlyabout（

）.

问题1选项

A.mostscientistsandpoliticalleadershavenotawakenedtotheseverityoftheproblem

B.deforestationisrampantinmanypartsoftheworld

C.thereisnoeasywaytorestoretheatmospheretoitsnormalstateoncedamaged

D.theUnitedStatesisunwillingtocutdownonitscarbondioxideemissions

问题2选项

A.cutbothdeforestationanduseoffossilfuels

B.removecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere

C.findanewsourceofenergyotherthanfossilfuel

D.cutpresentreleasesto4billiontonsofcarbonayear

问题3选项

A.manyscientistshadhopedspecifictargetsforemissionsmightbereached

B.theU.S.showeditsunwillingnesstoreducethelevelofcarbondioxideemissions

C.severalcountrieshadrecognizedaneedforreducingemissionsby20percent

D.mostcountriespromisedtocuttheircarbondioxideemissionstoearlierlevels

问题4选项

A.Thereareabout100millionofthemonearth.

B.Aboutonethirdofthemarefoundintropicalforest.

C.Thehumanpopulationhaswellexceededthatofotherspecies.

D.Humanandotherspeciesarecloselylinkedforsurvival.

问题5选项

A.thesurvivalofdiversespeciesonearth

B.thepreventionofglobalwarming

C.thebioticimpoverishment

D.thecompositionoftheatmosphere

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的thereisnoeasyorrapidwaytoremovethegasesandreturntoanearlierclimatepattern（没有一种简单或快速的方法可以清除这些气体并恢复到早期的气候模式）可知选C。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Tostabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereimmediately,wewouldhavetocutpresentreleaseabout4billiontonsofcarbonannually.Itisnotnowpossibletoaccomplishthiswithoutreducingbothdeforestationandourconsumptionoffossilfuels.（为了立即稳定大气的成分，我们必须每年减少约40亿吨的碳排放。现在要做到这一点，就必须同时减少森林砍伐和化石燃料的消耗）可知选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的leadersfrommostindustrializednationsagreedinprincipletoreturntoearlierlevelsofcarbondioxideemissions（大多数工业化国家的领导人原则上同意恢复到早先的二氧化碳排放水平）可知D选项“大多数国家承诺将其二氧化碳排放量削减到早先的水平”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Wedoknow,however,thatthesespecies—plantsandanimalstogether—keeptheplanetfunctioningasahabitatsuitableforall.WealsoknowthathumanactivitiesarereducingboththenumbersofspeciesonEarthandthepotentialoflandandwaterforsupportingthem.（然而，我们知道，植物和动物这些物种一起使地球作为一个适合所有人的栖息地发挥作用。我们还知道，人类活动正在减少地球上物种的数量，以及可供它们使用的土地和水资源）可知D选项“人类和其他物种的生存息息相关”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了全球变暖的问题以及需要采取的措施，因此B选项“防止全球变暖”符合题意。

3.单选题

Althoughthespeakerwasawell-knownpersonality,hisspeechwaspoorly（）.

问题1选项

A.raised

B.lectured

C.delivered

D.preached

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。raise“提高”；lecture“讲课；演讲”；deliver“交付，发表”；preach“说教”。deliveraspeech是固定短语，意思是“发表演讲”，选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Asseriousassheisaboutthebullfight,shedoesnotallowrespectto（

）hersenseofwhimsywhenpaintingit.

问题1选项

A.inspire

B.provoke

C.suppress

D.satisfy

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项inspire“激发；鼓舞”；B选项provoke“驱使；激怒”；C选项suppress“抑制；镇压；废止”；D选项satisfy“满足；说服”。句意：尽管她认为斗牛是一件严肃的事，但在绘画斗牛时，她并没有让敬意······自己的奇思异想。“敬意”与“奇思异想”在本句中应为“抑制与被抑制”的关系，才可体现句中的转折含义。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Natural’senergyefficiencyoften（

）humantechnology:despitetheintensityofthelightfirefliesproduce,theamountofheatisnegligible;onlyrecentlyhavehumansdevelopedchemicallight-producingsystemswhoseefficiency（

）thefirefly’ssystem.

问题1选项

A.engenders;manipulates

B.reflects;simulates

C.outstrips;rivals

D.inhibits;matches

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析。首先看第一个空，engender“产生，引起（某种感觉或情况）”；reflect“反映，反射（声、光、热等）”；outstrip“超过，胜过”；inhibit“禁止，抑制”，根据句意第一个空应该填“outstrip”；再看第二个空，manipulate“（暗中）控制，（熟练地）操作”；reflect“表明，显示”；rival“堪比某人/某物竞争，比得上某人/某物”；match“相配，与……不相上下”；根据句意‘自然界的能量效率常常超过人类的技术：尽管莹火虫所发出的光亮极为强烈，但其热量却微乎其微。人类也是在近期才研制出能量效率能与萤火虫的发光体系相媲美的化学发光系统。’最适合填入第二个空的是“rival”，C选项正确。

6.翻译题

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.(1)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,human,nature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.(2)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.(3)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstood,however,effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind,feelings,andtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblems,however,untilitreplacestraditionalpre-scientificviews,andthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.(4)Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,andthey’reessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerningvalues.Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends?(5)Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.

【答案】1．难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

2．行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。

3．自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。

4．自由和尊严（它们）是传统理论定义的自主的人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。

5．（如果）这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。

7.翻译题

A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

把信息当知识，把知识当智慧。许多人日夜在网上“泡着”，四处收集新闻热点，说起来滔滔不绝，犹如天下大事尽在心中。可是如果你仔细听听，认真想想，却发现他嘴里没有一句是他的话。他根本没有兴趣咀嚼和消化那些信息。他只是一个信息的贩卖者，或者是廉价的传声筒。

【答案】Modernpeopletendtoequateinformationwithknowledge,andknowledgewithwisdom.That’swhymanyofthemaremousepotatoes,searchingforhotnewsdayandnight.Theywouldrattleonandononcesuchpeoplestrikeaconversationwithyou,asiftheykneweverythingaboutallmajoreventsintheworldandthesecretary-generalofUNwerealwaysathisbeckandcall!However,ifyoulistenattentivelyandthinkcarefullyyouwillfindtheyarebutparrotsthatonlyrepeatwhatothershavesaidwithoutasinglewordoftheirown.Theyneverbothertochewanddigesttheinformationroundedup.Theyarenomorethanmongersofinformationorcheapmegaphones.

8.翻译题

Asafashionableleisureactivity,travelingisfavoredbyagrowingnumberofpeople.Duetotherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,theimprovementoflivingstandardandthegovernment’ssupportoftourism,travelingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina.Travelinghasgraduallybecomeanessentialpartofpeople’sdailylife.Onholidays,numerousChinesetouristswouldswarmintoscenicspotsacrosstheworld.Whentraveling,peoplecanbroadentheirhorizons,enrichtheirknowledgeandappreciatebeautifulnaturallandscapes,whichwouldeventuallyhelptorelaxthemselvesphysicallyandmentally.

【答案】旅游作为一种时尚的休闲活动，为越来越多的人所喜爱。经济的迅猛发展、生活水平的提高，以及政府对旅游业的支持使得旅游在中国越来越流行。旅游已逐步成为人们日常生活必不可少的部分。每逢假期，大批的中国游客就会涌入世界各地的景点。旅游时人们可以开阔视野，增长知识，欣赏大自然的美丽风光，最终得以放松身心。

9.单选题

Unlikephilosopherswhoconstructedtheoreticallyidealstates,shebuiltatheorybasedon（

）;thus,althoughherconstructsmayhavebeeninelegant,theywere（

）sound.

问题1选项

A.ellectually

B.surmise...scientifically

C.experience...empirically

D.conjecture...factually

【答案】C

【解析】名词和副词词义辨析。A选项的intuition“直觉”；intellectually“智力上，理智地”；B选项的surmise“猜测，猜想”；scientifically“合乎科学地，系统地”；C选项的experience“经验，阅历”；empirically“以经验为主地”；D选项的conjecture“推测，猜想，揣摩”；factually“事实地，确实地”。根据句意‘与那些构建理论上完美理想状态的哲学家不同，她以经验为依据建立其理论，因此，尽管她的概念可能比较粗糙，但它们从经验主义的角度看却是切实可行的’确定C选项正确。

10.单选题

Someanthropologistsclaimthatafewapeshavebeentaughtarudimentarysignlanguages,butskepticsarguethattheapesareonly_______theirtrainers.

问题1选项

A.imitating

B.condoning

C.instructing

D.acknowledging

【答案】A

【解析】imitating模仿,效法;condoning宽恕,赦免;instructing指导,教;acknowledging承认,答谢。句意：一些人类学家声称,一些猿类已经学会了基本的手语,但持怀疑态度的人认为,猿类只是在模仿它们的驯兽师。选项A符合句意。

11.单选题

______isknowntoall,gasesexpandandcontractwiththeincreaseanddecreaseoftemperature.

问题1选项

A.Which

B.As

C.That

D.It

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：众所周知，气体随着温度的升高和降低而膨胀和收缩。C选项符合题意。B选项as关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句内容；其引导从句比较灵活，可以放句首，也可以放句中或句末；asisknowntoall可以看作asweallknow的被动式。因此B选项正确。

12.单选题

Thestudents______theirthankstoProfessorDavisbypresentinghimwithapartinggift.

问题1选项

A.extended

B.offered

C.expressed

D.indicated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项extend“延伸，扩大”，B项offer“提供”，C项express“表达”，D项indicate“表明，指出”。根据关键词thanks“感谢”可知，空格部分填入express符合语境。句意：学生们送给戴维斯教授一份临别礼物，以表示对他的感谢。因此，该题选择C项正确。

13.单选题

Don’tcarewhathesaid.Youknow,itwassaidina（）ofanger.

问题1选项

A.fit

B.ray

C.grain

D.layer

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项afitof“突发一阵，阵发”；B选项arayof“一线”；C选项agrainof“一点点；一些”D选项alayerof“一层”。句意：不用管他说什么。你知道，这是在愤怒中说的。这里指“阵发的愤怒”，因此A选项正确。

14.单选题

Dogovernmentsreallyassignandenforcepropertyrights?DespitethefactthatRegistriesofDeedsnowrecordlandownershipofeverysquareinchofNorthAmericanterritory,itisobvious:hattheserightshavenotalwaysexisted.[1]In1785,theU.S.CongresswasbusilyassigningunclaimedlandtotheconstructionofpublicschoolsintheNorthwestTerritory;latertotheconstructionofrailroadsintheWest.Today,mostlandisclaimed,butnationalgovernmentsandinternationalagenciesalikearebusilycreatingnewrightsinothertypesofscarceresourcessuchastheelectromagneticspectrumorthegeostationaryarc.

[2]Theelectromagneticspectrum,popularlycalledtheairwaves,isanimmenserangeoffrequencies(radiowaves,microwaves,visiblelight,X-rays,gammarays,andmore)thatareconvertedbymanyforvoicecommunication,navigation,datatransmission,andthelike.Almostallcurrentlyavailablefrequenciesarebeingusedbysomeone,andtheuncheckedarrivalofnewuserswouldleadtoseriousovercrowdingandbadreceptionforall.Butnewarrivalskeepcomingandthuscreateanairwavesgridlock.Thesewould-beusersincludetheobvious:AMandFMradiostationsaswellasVHFandUHFtelevisioncompanies.Theyincludepeopleengagedinairplane,boat,car,andrailroadcommunications,andothersbuildingcellularphonecompaniesandsatellitenavigationsystems.[3]Theyalsoincludeenergycompanieswantingtorelaysafetyinformationfromremotepipelinemonitors,makersofhigh-definitiontelevision,andscientistswithradiotelescopeswaitingformessagesfromextraterrestrials.Mostofall,theyincludetheusersofmillionsofgadgets,suchasbabymonitors,cordlessphones,garagedooropeners,pagers,TVremotecontrols,andultrasonicdenturecleaners.Thejammedairwavesproblemcame.toaheadin1990whenUPS,thelargestprivatepackagecarrierintheUnitedStates,decidedtooutfitits55,000truckswithradioreceiversandtransmitterssocustomerscouldbegivenup-to-the-secondinformationaboutdeliveries.TheFederalCommunicationsCommissionallocatedafrequencytoUPSthathadbeenusedbyhamradiooperators,whichcausedmanyproblems.The170,000memberAmericanRadioRelayLeaguepicketedfederalbuildingsinmajorcitiesacrosstheland.ItdelugedtheFCC,theCongress,andtheWhiteHousewithangryletters,anditchallengedtheFCCactionincourt.TwocongressmenquicklyintroducedtheEmergingTelecommunicationsTechnologyAct.Itwouldtake200megahertzofspectrumfromthemilitary(inlightoftheendoftheColdWar)anddistributethis"peacedividend"tocivilianusers.PresidentBush,inturn,chidedtheFCCforpracticallygivingawayscarcefrequenciesandincludedinthe1991budget$3billionofrevenuefromsellingaportionoftheairwavestowould-beowners.[4]WhiletheFCChadbeenchargingfavoredrecipientsnominalannuallicensefees,theaveragesalespriceofAMandFMradiostationsinthe1980scameto$1.24million,thatofVHFandUHFtelevisionstationswas$21.52million.SixtypercentofthesepriceswereattributablesolelytotheFCClicense.

1.Thesubjectofthispassagemaybesaidtobe().

2.InParagraph1,theword"spectrum"means"()."

3.Iftheauthorweredeliveringthispassageorally,hisorhertoneofvoicewouldprobablybe().

4.Whichofthesestatementswouldtheauthorsupport?

5.ThelastsentenceinParagraph1("Today,most...")suggeststhattheauthor’spurposeisto().

问题1选项

A.theovercrowdingofairwaves

B.radiostationownershipandsalesprices

C.ownershiprightstoairwavesandspace

D.thegeostationaryarcabovetheequator

问题2选项

A.apartofawhole

B.acontinuousrange

C.anopticalinstrument

D.aspecialquality

问题3选项

A.earnest

B.abstruse

C.amused

D.detached

问题4选项

A.Congressionalactioncaneasilysolvetheairwavesproblemsthataredeveloping

B.FMradiobandsarenotasjammedasAMbands.

C.Airwavesgridlockislikelytobecomeamajorprobleminthenearfuture.

D.Worldgovernmentbodiesarelikelytodevelopacontrolprogramforuseofspace.

问题5选项

A.describeaproblem

B.offerasolution

C.classifyinformation

D.criticize

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据原文内容可知,本文的主题是讲随着新用户的到来,无线电波过度拥挤。并且在第二段花了大量的篇幅来举例说明,第二段后半部分提到电波过度拥挤带来的问题。所以选项A更能概括原文主题。

2.根据第二段的第一句“...isanimmenserangeoffrequencies.”电磁波谱,通常被称为无线电波,是一个巨大的频率范围。所以选项B正确。

3.作者如果用口头表达这篇文章的话,他的语气可能是.earnest认真的；abstruse深奥的,难懂的；amused愉快的；detached超然的。根据文章内容,作者在很严肃的讨论电波拥挤造成的问题,所以选项A认真的,符合语境。

4.根据第二段的内容可知,电波拥挤的这个问题一直没有被解决,所以在不久的将来可能会成为一个大问题。选项C正确。

5.根据第一段的最后一句可知,今天,大多数土地被要求拥有,但各国政府和国际机构都在忙于在其他种类的稀缺资源,以便创造新的权力,比如电磁频谱或地球静止弧。但这个问题还是没有得到解决,所以作者的目的在于批判政府机构的无能。选项D正确。

15.单选题

TheworkersofspaceshuttleDiscoverygotintothebackoftheshuttletolookfor_______intheelectronicsthatsenddatafromthesensorstoonboardcomputers.

问题1选项

A.glitches

B.suspects

C.orbiters

D.pitches

【答案】A

【解析】glitch失灵，小故障；suspect嫌疑犯；orbiter盘旋物，人造卫星；pitch斜度。句意：航天飞机“发现者”号上的工作人员们进入飞机的后部，寻找将数据从传感器发送到机载计算机上的电子设备的故障。选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

Onmanyoccasions,wetendtointerprettheactionsofchildren（）ourownexperienceasanadult.

问题1选项

A.forthesakeof

B.onbehalfof

C.intermsof

D.inaccordancewith

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词短语。A选项forthesakeof“为了”；B选项onbehalfof“代表”；C选项intermsof“依据，在……方面”；D选项inaccordancewith“与……一致”。句意：在很多时候，我们倾向于依据自己作为一个成年人的经验来解释孩子的行为。根据空格前后的句意关系，只有C选项intermsof“依据，在……方面”符合句意，其他选项意思不对。因此C选项正确。

17.单选题

Adversecircumstancescompelledhimtoclosehisbusiness.

问题1选项

A.unfamiliar

B.local

C.unfavorable

D.good

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：……环境迫使他关闭了生意。A选项unfamiliar“不熟悉的，没有经验的”；B选项local“当地的，局部的”；C选项unfavorable“不利的，不宜的”；D选项good“好的”。根据下文的“closehisbusiness”可知，肯定是不好的环境导致他停业，adverse意为“不利的”，选项C与之意思相近。

18.单选题

Themedicalrecordshowsthatitwasthedrug,notthedisease,______killedhimtwoyearsago.

问题1选项

A.theeffectsofwhich

B.theeffectsofit

C.finally

D.that

【答案】D

【解析】考查强调句。句意：医疗记录显示两年前是药物而不是疾病害死了他。itwas...that是强调句型，强调是thedrug而不是thedisease，notthedisease是插入语，去掉itwas...that，句子仍然成立，thedrugkilledhimtwoyearsago。因此D选项正确。

19.单选题

WhenIappliedunderEarlyDecisiontotheUniversityofPennsylvaniafouryearsago,Iwasmotivatedbytwopowerfulemotions:ambitionandfear.TheambitionwastofulfillmylifelongexpectationofattendinganIvyLeagueschool;thefearwasthatwithouttheadvantageofferedbyEarlyDecision,Iwouldn’tmakethecut.APennadmissionsofficertoldmethatthepreviousyeartheyhadaccepted45percentofEarlyDecisionapplicantsandjust29percentoftotalapplicants.Theimplicationwasclear:applyingunderEarlyDecisiondramaticallyimprovesyourchancesofacceptance.AtBrownUniversity,myotherfavorite,applyingearlydidnotconferanyadvantage.WhileBrownwasmyNo.1choice,Pennwasaclosesecond,andIdesperatelywantedtomakesureIgotintooneofthetwo.

IappliedjustbeforetheNov.1deadline,andsixweekslaterIgotmyacceptancepackage.Iwasthrilledandrelieved.Whilemyfriendsspentwintervacationfinishingasmanyas18applicationseach,Irelaxed.OnaschooltriptoFranceoverspringbreak,Idrankwinewhileeveryoneelsestruggledwithinternationalcallingcardstophonehomeandfindoutwherethey’dbeenaccepted.Peoplecriedaboutgettingrejected,orbeganthedifficultandagonizingprocessofchoosingbetweentwoormoreschools.Strangely,noneofthismademefeelbetterabouthavingappliedearly.Itmademefeelworse.WhenalotofpeoplefrommyclassgotintoBrown,IwonderedifI,too,couldhave.

Pennsentadiscombobulatingarrayofmaterialtoincomingfreshmenoverthesummer.Asthepileofmailmounted,sodidmyconcernsthatIhadmadethewrongchoice.IhadbeentoPennonlyoneday,inOctoberofmysenioryear.IrealizenowIdidnotknownearlyenoughaboutmyselfortheschool.Pickingclasseswasfarmorearcane（错综复杂的）thanIhadexpected（orthanitwouldhavebeenatasmallerschool）.AndwhenIgottothecampus,Ifoundthatfraternities（男生联谊会）andsororities（女生联谊会）wereamorenoticeableandobnoxiouspresencethanthe30percentstudentmembershiphadsuggestedtome.

Itwasn'tlongbeforeIknewPennwasnotrightformeandIlookedintotransferring.Forme,itwasaboutmorethanjustchangingschools.IwantedtohavethetraditionalapplicationexperienceI'dmissedoutonduringmyfirstgo-round.TheonlyschoolonmylistthatallowedtransfersduringthesecondsemesteroffreshmanyearwasWesleyan,soIwaitedoutthewholeyear,andthenappliedtoYale,BrownandWesleyan.IgotintoWesleyan.TheironythatIcouldhavegotteninsooner,withoutgettingrejectedbytheotherschools,wasnotlostonme.ButIknowImadetherightdecision.Irealizedearlydecisionisnotforeveryone.Betterthinkbeforeyouapply.

Tohi