2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号85

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题You should treat those remarks with the（ ）that they deserve, dont give them a second thought.问题1选项A.negativeB.disgraceC.contemptD.sarcasm【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。negative “否定；负数”；disgrace “耻辱；丢脸的人或事”；contempt “轻视；耻辱”；sarca

2、sm “讽刺；挖苦”。句意：你应该以那些评论应得的轻视来对待它们，别再想了。选项C符合题意。2.单选题With his brows knitted, the doctor contemplated the difficult operation he had to perform.问题1选项A.ucceeded inB.ecided againstC.went on withD.thought deeply about【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生皱着眉头，那个他要做的手术。succeed in“在方面取得成功”；decide against“决定不”；go on with“继

3、续”；think deeply about “深思”。根据“with his brows knitted”可知医生正在思考，因此划线单词的意思是“沉思”，选项D符合题意。3.单选题The United Nations Security Council established the ICTR in 1995 to try the alleged perpetrators of the 1994（ ）in Rwanda that claimed the lives of more than 800,000 people.问题1选项A.genocideB.immigrationC.discrimi

4、nationD.election【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。genocide“种族灭绝，种族屠杀”；immigration“移民”；discrimination “歧视，区别”；election “选举；当选”。句意：联合国安理会于1995年建立了卢旺达国际刑事法庭，来审判1994年导致八十多万人死亡的卢旺达大屠杀中被指控的凶手。选项A符合题意。4.单选题After the fierce quarrel, they began to have a（ ）loathing for each other.问题1选项A.boringB.reciprocalC.friendlyD.standin

5、g【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。boring “无聊的；令人厌烦的”；reciprocal “互惠的；相互的”；friendly “友好的；亲切的”；standing “长期存在的”。句意：在那次激烈的争吵后，他们开始相互厌恶。选项B符合题意。5.单选题After the demonstration the protestors（ ）quietly.问题1选项A.dismissedB.diffusedC.dispatchedD.dispersed【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。dismiss “解散；解雇”；diffuse “扩散；传播”；dispatch “派遣；分派”；disp

6、erse “分散；传播”。句意：游行结束后抗议者悄悄解散了。选项A符合题意。6.单选题A decision of this（ ）had to have national support.问题1选项A.extentB.amountC.degreeD.magnitude【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。extent “程度，范围”；amount “数量；总额”；degree “程度，等级”；magnitude “大小，量级，重要”。句意：这类重大的决定需要全国人民的支持才行。选项D符合题意。7.单选题When the crowd saw the movie star on the street,

7、 shouts and cheers（ ）.问题1选项A.broke throughB.broke upC.broke forthD.broke off【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。break through “突破”；break up “分手，打碎”；break forth “喷发，爆发”；break off “暂停”。句意：当人们在路上看到电影明星时，欢呼声爆发了。选项C符合题意。8.单选题The government lacked money because of biting oil（ ）.问题1选项A.pricesB.stationsC.buildingsD.revenues【答案

8、】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。price “价格；价值”；station “车站；驻地；地位”；building “建筑；建筑物”；revenue “税收，税收收入”。句意：政府因为棘手的石油收入而缺钱。选项D符合题意。9.单选题Miss Tracy moved to New York in the early 1960s, apparently to escape jealous friends who were becoming increasingly（ ）of her success.问题1选项A.delightfulB.gracefulC.resentfulD.respectful【

9、答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。delightful “可爱的；令人愉快的”；graceful “优雅的”；resentful “气愤的；厌恶的”；respectful “恭敬的；有礼貌的”。句意：特雷西女士在20世纪六十年早期搬到了纽约，明显是为了逃离那些对她的成功嫉恨的朋友。选项C符合题意。10.单选题Wouldnt it be easier to move about on the（ ）of the crowd than to squeeze in the middle?问题1选项A.consentB.headsC.fringeD.recreation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨

10、析。consent “同意；准许”；head “头；最前的部分”；fringe “边缘；刘海；外围”；recreation “娱乐；消遣；休养”。句意：难道在人群的外围移动不比在人群中挤来挤去容易吗？选项C符合题意。11.单选题On the stage many pieces of blue silk were fluctuated to（ ）the sea waves.问题1选项A.simplifyB.simulateC.helpD.like【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。simplify “简化”；simulate “模仿；假装”；help “帮助”；like “喜欢”。句意：舞台上用

11、了很多上下飘动的蓝色丝绸来模仿海浪。选项B符合题意。12.单选题The poor thing has had a tooth out, so he cant talk but manages to（ ） to capture attention.问题1选项A.moanB.grumbleC.criticizeD.complain【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。moan “呻吟，抱怨”；grumble “抱怨，嘟囔”；criticize “批评， 指责”；complain “抱怨，控诉”。句意：这个可怜的家伙掉了一颗牙，所以他说不出话只能靠呻吟来吸引别人注意。选项A符合题意。13.单选题He（

12、 ）his assistant to pick up the plans from the office.问题1选项A.disposeB.dispensedC.dispatchedD.dispersed【答案】C【解析】考查动词此词义辨析。dispose “处理；安排”；dispense “分发；分发；免除；执行”; dispatch “派遣；发送；分派”；disperse “分散；使散开；传播”。句意：他派助手去办公室取方案。选项C符合题意。14.单选题It must guide public opinion, after presenting（ ）both sides of every i

13、ssue and pointing out to readers what measures seem to promise the greater good for the greater number.问题1选项A.inquisitivelyB.inconceivablyC.appallinglyD.impartially【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析题。inquisitively “好问地，过分好奇地”；inconceivably “不可思议地”； appallingly“使人惊骇地”；impartially“公正地”。句意：公平地展现每个问题的两面并向读者指出什么样的方式能够保证绝大部

14、分人的利益，这样就肯定能引导公众舆论。选项D符合题意。15.单选题We rarely perceive more than a minute（ ）of the sights and sounds that fall upon our sense organs; the great majority pass us by.问题1选项A.fictionB.functionC.fractionD.friction【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fiction “小说，虚构的事”；function “功能，职能”；fraction “小部分，少量”；friction “摩擦，冲突”。句意：我们只能

15、察觉到被我们感官所接收的很少一部分的景象和声音，而忽视了大部分。选项C符合题意。16.写作题For this port, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My Understanding of Globalization”. You should write at least 200 words.【答案】My Understanding of Globalization17.单选题The concept of “environment” is certainly difficult and may e

16、ven be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental. But in actual prac

17、tice this system breaks down in many ways, because the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by the organism and vice versa. In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal wit

18、h man as an animal and with man as a bearer of culture. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants, and such-like factors common to all biological situations; but we a

19、lso find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as “cultural”, which modify the physical and biological factors. But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors

20、of climate and geography. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of the environment.1.Which of the following words can best describe the popular understanding of “environment” as the auth

21、or sees it?2.According to the author the concept of “environment” is difficult to explain because（ ）.3.In analyzing the environmental forces acting on man the author suggests that（ ）.4.As for culture, the author points out that（ ）.5.In this passage, the author is primarily concerned with（ ）.问题1选项A.E

22、laborate.B.PrejudicedC.Faultless.D.Oversimplified.问题2选项A.it doesnt distinguish between the organism and the environmentB.it involves both internal and external forcesC.the organism and the environment influence each otherD.the relationship between the organism and environment is unclear问题3选项A.biolog

23、ical factors are less important to the organism than cultural factors to manB.man and other animals are modified equally by the environmental forcesC.man is modified by the cultural environment as well as by the natural environmentD.physical and biological factors exert more influence on other organ

24、ism than on man问题4选项A.it develops side by side with environmental factorsB.it is also affected by environmentC.it is generally accepted to be part of the environmentD.it is a product of mans biological instincts问题5选项A.the interpretation of the term “environment”B.the discussion of the organism and b

25、iological environmentC.the comparison between internal and external factors influencing manD.the evaluation of mans influence on culture【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪个选项最能描述作者对环境这个词的描述？”文章第二句话提到“区分有机体和周围环境，以及将作用于有机体的力分为内部的、生物的、外部的和环境的看起来很容易”（It seems simple enough to distinguis

26、h between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental），所以可以看出来作者认为把对环境的描述过于简单化，选项D符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为环境这个概念很难被解释是因为什么？”文章第三句提到“但是在实际中，这个体系在很多方面上都不成立，因为有机体和环境不

27、断在相互作用，因此环境被有机体改变，反过来也如此”（But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways, because the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by the organism and vice versa），选项C“有机体与环境相互影响”符合题意。第3题:判断推理题。题目问的是“关于环境因素作用在人类身上的分析，作者有什么建议？”文章倒数第二句话提到“但是人类

28、一直是文化的拥有者；如果研究人类文化，我们会发现，反过来，它被气候和地理位置等环境因素改变着”（But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography），因此，选项C “人类被文化环境和自然环境改变”符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“关于文化，作者指出了什么？”文章倒数第二句话提到“但是人

29、类一直是文化的拥有者；如果研究人类文化，我们会发现，反过来，它被气候和地理位置等环境因素改变着”（But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography），由此可知，文化也是受环境因素影响的，因此选项B“它也受环境的影响”符合题意。第5题:主旨大意题。题目问的是“作者主要阐述了什么问题？”文章第一

30、句话提到“虽然环境这个概念很难理解，甚至可能被误解，但是我们没有别的替代物”（The concept of “environment” is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute），之后都是围绕这个话题展开，由此可知文章主要阐述的就是对“环境”这个术语的解释。选项A“对“环境”的解释”符合题意。18.单选题You will only be allowed to leave early in（ ）circumstances.问题1选项A.exceptionalB.coi

31、ncidentalC.peculiarD.imperative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。exceptional “特殊的；例外的”；coincidental “巧合的”；peculiar “不寻常的；特有的；古怪的”；imperative “紧急的；不可避免的；必要的”。句意：你只有在特殊时刻才被允许提前离开。选项A符合题意。19.单选题Rachel was the（ ）choice for the job thanks to her communication skills问题1选项A.unanimousB.genuineC.harmoniousD.agreeable【答案】A【

32、解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unanimous “意见一致的；无异议的”；genuine “真实的；诚恳的”；harmonious “和谐的；协调的”；agreeable “令人愉快的；合适的”。句意：蕾切尔因为出色的交流技能成为这份工作无异议的人选。选项A符合题意。20.单选题The police detective put together the pieces of evidence to form one （ ）account.问题1选项A.sensitiveB.genuineC.expressiveD.coherent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词义辨析。sensitive “敏感的；感

33、觉的”；genuine “真实的；真正的”；expressive “表现的；有表现力的”；coherent “连贯的；清晰的；一致的”。句意：这位警探将这些证据拼凑在一起形成一份连贯的报告。选项D符合题意。21.单选题Havent I told you I dont want you keeping（ ） with those awful riding-about bicycle boys?问题1选项A.companyB.acquaintanceC.friendsD.place【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。keep company with “与来往”。句意：我不是告诉过你，不想让你和那些骑

34、着自行车到处跑的讨厌的男孩们来往吗？选项A符合题意。22.单选题John Fisher, a builder, and his wife Elizabeth wanted more living space, so they left their small flat for an old-metre-high castle tower. They have spent five years turning it into a beautiful home with six floors, winning three architectural prizes.“I love the space

35、, and being private，” Elizabeth says. “You feel separated from the world. If Im in the kitchen, which is 25 metres above the ground floor, and the doorbell rings, I dont have to answer it because visitors cant see Im in!”“There are 142 steps to the top, so if I go up and down five or six times a day

36、, its very good exercise! But having to carry heavy things to the top is terrible, so I never buy more than two bags of shopping from the supermarket at a time. Apart from that, its a brilliant place to live.”“When we first saw the place, I asked my fathers advice about buying it, because we couldnt

37、 decide. After paying for it, we were a bit worried because it looked awful. But we really loved it, and knew how we wanted it to look.”“Living here can be difficult-yesterday I climbed a four metre ladder to clean the windows. But when you stand on the roof you can see all the way out to sea on a c

38、lear day, and thats a wonderful experience. Im really glad we moved.”1.What is the writer trying to do in the text?2.From this text, a reader can find out（ ） .3.Which of the following best describes Elizabeths feelings about the tower?4.What problem does Elizabeth have with living in such a tall bui

39、lding?5.How will John and Elizabeth advertise their tower if they sell it?问题1选项A.Describe how to turn an old tower into a house.B.Recommend a particular builder.C.Describe what it is like to live in a tower.D.Explain how to win prizes for building work.问题2选项A.why visitors are not welcome at John and

40、 Elizabeths houseB.why Elizabeth exercises every dayC.why Elizabeth asked her father to buy the towerD.why John and Elizabeth left their flat问题3选项A.She wanted it as soon as she saw it.B.She likes most things about it.C.She has been worried since they paid for it.D.She finds it unsuitable to live in.

41、问题4选项A.Her visitors find it difficult to see if she is at home.B.She feels separated from other people.C.She cannot bring home lots of shopping at once.D.It is impossible to clean any of the windows.问题5选项A.B.C.D.E.png style=max-width: 100%;D.E.png style=max-width: 100%;D.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:

42、B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了John Fisher和他的妻子Elizabeth买了一座城堡，并且花了五年时间将它改造成为一栋六层楼的房子；接着介绍了他们在这栋房子里的生活体验，比如可以不用理会门铃是否会响，买东西不能买太重，因为台阶太多等等。由此可知文章主要在讲述生活在城堡塔的经历，选项C符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。文章第一段第一句话提到“建筑工人John Fisher 和妻子Elizabeth想生活的空间变大一点，所以他们离开了之前的小公寓到了这座又古老又高的城堡”（John Fisher, a builder, and his wife Elizabeth wanted

43、 more living space, so they left their small flat for an old-metre-high castle tower），由此可知选项D符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第二段第一句话提到“我爱这个空间，有私人空间”（I love the space, and being private）；第四段最后一句提到“但是我们真的很爱它”（but we really loved it），由此可知，Elizabeth喜欢这座城堡的大部分东西。选项B符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第三段第二句话提到“但是拿重物上顶楼太恐怖了，所以我一次去超市购物不会超过

44、两袋东西”（But having to carry heavy things to the top is terrible, so I never buy more than two bags of shopping from the supermarket at a time），选项C符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章第一段提到“他们花了五年的时间把这座城堡改建成了一座精美的六层楼房子，这栋房子的设计获了三次奖”（They have spent five years turning it into a beautiful home with six floors, winning three

45、 architectural prizes），由此可知选项A中的“需要改进”（needs some improvement）不符合，排除；选项C中的“海景”（with sea views）不符合，排除；选项D中的“改造成六个小公寓”（turned into six small flats）不符合，排除。因此选项B符合题意。23.单选题Youre filling out the application form for a position you really need; lets assume you once actually completed a couple of years of

46、college work or even that you completed your degree. Isnt it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land

47、 their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most

48、 well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school cal

49、ls them “imposters”； another refers to them as “special cases”. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by “no such people”.To avoid outright lies, some job-seekers claim that they “were associated with” a college or university. A

50、fter carefully checking, as personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with” a college means that the job seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that

51、 the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century - thats when they began keeping records, anyhow.If you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a

52、 diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot University”. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue”. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is called Purdue University, the pric

53、es seem rather high for one sheet of paper.1.The main idea of this passage is that （ ）.2.According to the passage, “special cases” (Para.3) refers to cases where（ ）.3.We can infer from the passage that（ ）.4.This passage implies that（ ）.5.The word “utter” (Para.2) probably means（ ）.问题1选项A.employers a

54、re checking more closely on applicants nowB.lying about college degrees has become a widespread problemC.College degrees can now be purchased easilyD.employers are no longer interested in college degrees问题2选项A.students attend a school only part-timeB.students never attended a school they listed on t

55、heir applicationC.students purchase false degrees from commercial firmsD.students attended a famous school问题3选项A.performance is a better judge of ability than a college degreeB.experience is the best teacherC.past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD.a degree from a famo

56、us school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition问题4选项A.buying a false degree is not moralB.personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schoolsC.most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from schoolD.society should be greatly responsible fo

57、r lying on applications问题5选项A.addressB.thoroughC.ultimateD.decisive【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章的主旨是什么？”文章主要讲述了越来越多的人在求职时对他们的学历撒谎，以及形成这种现象的原因。选项B“在学历方面撒谎已经成了普遍的问题”符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，第三段提到的特殊情况指的是什么？”文章第三段提到人事专员会验证求职者列出来的学历，当被证实求职者在撒谎时，大部分学校不会直接谴责那个撒谎的求职者，比如，有所常春藤学校称其

58、为“骗子”（imposters），另一所学校称其为“特殊情况”(special cases)，说明这些求职者并不是这些学校的学生，因此选项B符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章我们能了解到什么？”文章第二段提到“人事专员跟大多数美国人一样注重名校的学历。求职者虽然受到了良好的教育，但是他们认为如果毕业于名校，被录取的机会更高（for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway,

59、but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university）”，因此选项D“名校的学历能让求职者在竞争中有优势”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。题目问的是“这篇文章暗示了什么？”文章第二段提到越来越多的人在找工作的时候撒谎，因为像大部分美国人一样，人事专员非常看重名校学历（More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to mov

60、e ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools），即这么多人选择撒谎，是因为社会看重名校学历。因此，选项D“社会应该对求职者撒谎负很大责任”符合题意。第5题:词义题。题目问的是“第二段中的utter一词是什么意思？”文章第二段中“utter”后面的“this”指上文提到的“声称自己的毕业证书代表着哈佛大学的学位”（claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degr