2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号80

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题The power （ ）in the office of President must not be abused.问题1选项A.inheritB.inherentC.instinctiveD.inhibitory【答案】B【解析】inherit 继承，遗传而得；inherent 固有的，内在的，与生俱来的；instinctive 本能的，直觉的，天生的；inhibitory 禁止的，抑制的。句意：总统办事处的固有职权不能滥用。

2、选项B符合句意。2.单选题If my application for the scholarship（ ） , （ ）I my education in the States now.问题1选项A.was accepted / can continueB.has been accepted / have been continuingC.had been accepted / could have continuedD.accepts / will have continued【答案】C【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知这里是对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主句用would /should

3、 /could +have done，所以选项 C正确。3.单选题In describing the grandeur and sublimity of this country, the Haitian (海地人)may well enough to adopt the poetic description of their own proud country.问题1选项A.serenityB.splendorC.elegantD.sight【答案】B【解析】句意：在描述这个国家的伟大和庄严时，海地人很乐意接受对他们引以为豪的祖国这样诗意的描述。sublimity意为“庄严，崇高”。sere

4、nity 平静，宁静；splendor 壮丽，显赫 ；elegant优美的，讲究的；sight 视力，见解。选项B与之意思相近。4.单选题The medicine made me drowsy.问题1选项A.sleepyB.dizzyC.sadD.lazy【答案】A【解析】drowsy意为昏昏欲睡的。选项A与之意思相近。5.单选题Life depends on the balance between the heat received from the sun and the heat lost to cooler surroundings.问题1选项A.equilibriumB.contra

5、stC.exchangeD.relationship【答案】A【解析】equilibrium 均衡，平静；contrast 对比，差别；exchange 交换，兑换；relationship 关系，关联。balance意为平衡，选项A与之意思相近。6.单选题Radio stations are proliferating over the Internet, so more and more Americans can listen to hometown stationseven if they live in Nome or In Miami.问题1选项A.roamingB.transmi

6、ttingC.increasingD.broadcasting【答案】C【解析】句意：无线电台在互联网上激增，因此越来越多的美国人可以收听家乡电台的节目即使他们住在诺姆或迈阿密。proliferating意为“激增，大量生存产”。roaming漫步，闲逛；transmitting传送，传递；increasing增加，增大；broadcasting广播。选项C与之意思相近。7.单选题Please hold up on a sum of money to cover the costs of handling.问题1选项A.borrowB.reserveC.takeD.carry【答案】B【解析】

7、hold up on意为持有，储备。只有选项B与之意思相近。8.单选题Which his lack of experience and smaller physique, we dont think he （ ）a chance of winning the fight.问题1选项A.standsB.gainedC.possessedD.took【答案】A【解析】stand a chance of doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”，所以选项A正确。9.单选题Nowadays money is still a major （ ）in most occupations.问题1选

8、项A.incentiveB.meticulousC.formativeD.provision【答案】A【解析】Incentive动机，刺激，激励；meticulous一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的；formative形成的，造型的，格式化的；provision规定，条款，供应物。句意：如今，在大多数职业中，金钱仍然是主要的激励因素。选项A符合句意。10.单选题One of the peculiarities of the bazaar is that people dealing in the same kind of goods collect in the same area.问题1选项A.adv

9、antagesB.shortcomingsC.disparitiesD.characteristics【答案】D【解析】peculiarities意为特征，特质。advantages 优点，有利条件；shortcomings 缺点，短处；disparities不一致；characteristics 特性，特征。选项D与之意思相近。11.单选题Imagination and （ ）of a manager will help make the business a success.问题1选项A.simplicityB.sophisticationC.innovationD.condescensi

10、on【答案】C【解析】simplicity朴素，简易，天真；sophistication复杂，老于世故； innovation创新，革新；condescension谦卑，屈尊。句意：经理的想象力和创新将有助于商业的成功。选项C符合语境。12.单选题The most prominent characteristics of handwriting are undoubtedly letter formation and slant.问题1选项A.presumablyB.in many casesC.surelyD.without bias【答案】C【解析】presumably 大概，推测起来，可

11、假定；in many cases 在许多情况下；surely 当然，无疑；without bias 不 偏不倚。undoubtedly意为毫无疑问地，选项C与之意思最为相近。13.单选题If profit and money are your first （ ）, and commitment to people your least concern, you have failed education.问题1选项A.potentialityB.priorityC.superiorityD.responsibility【答案】B【解析】potentiality潜力，可能性；priority优先

12、权，优先考虑的事；superiority优越，优势；responsibility责任，职责，义务。句意：如果利润和金钱是你最优先考虑的事，而对他人的承诺是你最不关心的，那么你的教育就是失败的。选项B符合句意。14.单选题He was filled with apprehension about the future.问题1选项A.fearB.hesitationC.excitementD.eagerness【答案】A【解析】根据句意可知，apprehension意为恐惧。fear 害怕，恐惧；hesitation犹豫；excitement刺激，兴奋；eagerness渴望，热心。选项A与之意思

13、相近。15.单选题Tom wasnt happy about the delay, and （ ）.问题1选项A.I was neitherB.I wasnt neitherC.neither was ID.either was I【答案】C【解析】句意：汤姆对耽搁很不高兴，我也是。根据句意可知，前后表示同样的情况，肯定用So+助动词+主语，否定用Neither+ 助动词+主语，所以选项C正确。16.单选题Her voice （ ）as she admitted what she had done.问题1选项A.hesitatedB.injectedC.floatedD.slid【答案】A【解

14、析】hesitate 踌躇，犹豫；inject 注入，注射；float 浮动，飘流；slid 滑落，不知不觉地陷入。句意：她承认自己所做的事时，她的表达有些犹豫。选项A符合句意。17.单选题From this material we can （ ）hundreds of what you may call direct products.问题1选项A.deriveB.discernC.diminishD.displace【答案】B【解析】derive 源自，获得；discern 辨别，识别；diminish减少，缩小；displace 取代，置换。句意：从这种材料中，我们可以辨别出数百种你所说

15、的直接产品。选项B符合句意。18.单选题While there is little systematic work relating foreign language learning strategies to success, there are a number of observations which can be made about individuals who are good language learners.I have been able to isolate some of the individuals by observing students in class

16、rooms in California and Hawaii, by observing myself and talking to other good language learners, by eliciting observations from some second language teachers. As I have begun to observe classes, what fascinates me is how often the teacher plows ahead with the lesson seemingly with little awareness o

17、f what is going on in each student, and often without directing the attention of the poorer students to how the successful student arrived at his answer. That is, many foreign language teachers are concerned with finding the best method or with getting the correct answer, yet the teachers fail to at

18、tend to the learning process. If they attended to it more, they might be able to tailor their input to their students needs and might be able to provide their students with techniques that would enable them to learn on their own. Indeed, no course could ever teach all we need to know about a languag

19、e, and the students must find the means to help themselves, when the teacher is not around.The task of observing these strategies is a complicated one because the strategies necessarily involve cognitive processes which neither the learner nor the teacher may be able to specify. However, when our at

20、tention is focused on observing these strategies, I think we may find it easier to isolate some of them. Just recently, I discovered that by using video tapes we hope to help learners and teachers see what is going on in the classroom. We hope to be able, as well, to abstract the learner strategies

21、by interviewing the learner about his behavior during a particular classroom which showing them a tape of their own behavior.In spite of the fact that we are only beginning to isolate these strategies, I think that it is useful to list some of the ones found thus far. They remain general but give an

22、 idea of the kind of strategies I think we ought to be looking for.1.Which of the following could be the best title for this passage?2.The author formed some ideas about the features of good foreign language learning by getting information from （ ）.3.The author believes that the most important task

23、of a good language teacher is（ ）.4. “They might be able to tailor their input to their students needs” means（ ）.5.Observing language learning strategies is very complicated because（ ）.问题1选项A.The Successful Language LearnerB.Relationship between Teaching and LearningC.Language Learning StrategiesD.Ob

24、servations of Language Classes问题2选项A.language classroomsB.talks with studentsC.lectures on this topicD.foreign teachers问题3选项A.to teach students learning strategiesB.to use the textbook skillfully and flexiblyC.to look for a suitable teaching method for the classD.to help students develop their own l

25、eaning methods问题4选项A.they could provide techniques to find out the students needsB.they could adjust their teaching to the needs of individual studentsC.they could cut out redundant materials to meet their students needsD.they could revise the textbook to suit the needs of their students问题5选项A.eithe

26、r the learner or the teacher will find it difficult to specify what exactly they areB.neither the learner nor the teacher may be able to describe them preciselyC.they are related to the processes of learning which even the teacher cannot state preciselyD.they involve the leaning process which neithe

27、r the learner nor the teacher may be able to isolate【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文有一个关键词“strategies”,所以本文主要讲的是语言学习策略。选项C正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句“.by observing myself and talking to other good language learners.”通过观察自己和与其他优秀的语言学习者交谈选项B符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数二三句，许多外语老师关心的是找到最好的方法或得到正确的答案

28、，然而老师没有注意到学习的过程。如果更多地关注过程，他们可以调整教学方法来满足学生的需求，并且能够向学生提供使他们能够自学的方法。也就是说，帮助学生发展自己的学习方法，选项D符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据上一题可知，原文表达的意思是：他们可以调整教学方法来满足学生的需求。也就是说，他们可以根据个别学生的需要调整教学，选项B与原文表述一致，所以正确。5.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“.because the strategies necessarily involve cognitive processes which neither the learner nor the teacher ma

29、y be able to specify.”观察这些策略的任务是一项复杂的任务，因为这些策略必然涉及认知过程，而学习者和教师都无法具体说明这些过程。either.or.指“不是就是”，neither.nor.指的是二者都不，所以选项B正确。19.单选题Sharks have gained an unfair reputation for being fierce predators of large sea animals. Humanitys unfounded fear and hatred of these ancient creatures is leading to a worldw

30、ide slaughter that may result in the extinction of many coastal shark species. The shark is the victim of a warped attitude of wildlife protection; we strive only to protect the beautiful, non-threatening parts of our environment. And, in our efforts to restore only non-threatening parts of our eart

31、h, we ignore other important parts.A perfect illustration of this attitude is the contrasting attitude toward another large sea animal, the dolphin. During the 1980s, environmentalists in the United States protested the use of driftnets of tuna fishing in the Pacific Ocean since these nets also caug

32、ht dolphins. The environmentalists generated enough political and economic pressure to prevent tuna companies from buying tuna that had been caught in driftnets. In contrast to this effort on behalf of the dolphins, these same environmentalists have done very little to help save the Pacific Ocean sh

33、arks whose population has decreased nearly to the point of extinction. Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years. They are extremely efficient animals, feeding on wounded or dying animals, thus that species such as the Great White Sha

34、rk have manage to live in the oceans for so many millions of years is enough proof of their efficiency and adaptability changing environments. It is time for us human, who may not survive another 1,000 years at the rate we are damaging the planet, to cast away our fears and begin considering the pro

35、tection of sharks as an important part of a program for protection of all our natural environment.1.With which of the following topics is this passage primarily concerned?2.How did environmentalists manage to protect dolphins?3.About how long sharks lived on the planet?4.What is the authors tone in

36、this passage?5.Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?问题1选项A.Sharks are efficient creatures with bad reputations.B.Sharks are some of the oldest creatures on earth.C.Sharks illustrate a problem in wildlife protection.D.The campaign to save dolphins was not extended to

37、 save sharks.问题2选项A.They prevented fishermen from selling them for meat.B.They pressured fishermen into protecting dolphins by law.C.They brought political pressure against tuna companies.D.They created sanctuaries where dolphin fishing was not allowed.问题3选项A.25 million yearsB.150 million yearsC.350

38、 million yearsD.500 million years问题4选项A.explanatoryB.accusatoryC.gentleD.proud问题5选项A.order of importanceB.cause and effectC.statement and exampleD.chronological order【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲我们只努力保护环境中美丽、无害的部分，而忽略了其他需要保护的东西，比如鲨鱼，使得其濒临灭绝。由此可知，鲨鱼说明了野生动物保护中的一个问题，选项C符合原文主旨。

39、2.细节事实题。根据第二段的二三句“During the 1980s, . caught in driftnets.”在20世纪80年代，美国的环保主义者抗议在太平洋使用漂网捕捞金枪鱼，因为这些网也能捕获海豚。环保主义者施加了足够的政治和经济压力，阻止金枪鱼公司购买被漂网捕获的金枪鱼。选项C符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第二段“Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years.”鲨鱼是地球上最古老的生物之一，在海洋中生存了3.5亿

40、年以上。选项C与原文表述一致。4.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知，作者是在谴责人们忽略了对鲨鱼的保护，所以选项B正确。5.推理判断题。文章第一段首先提出人们忽略了对鲨鱼的保护，第二段举例来证明这个观点，所以本文的结构是陈述加举例，选项C正确。20.单选题The population of Seattle is a conglomerate of people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.问题1选项A.a companyB.a fluctuationC.an assortmentD.a matching【答案】C【解析】句意：西雅图

41、的人口是由来自不同种族和文化背景的人组成的群体。conglomerate意为聚结，凝聚成团。a company 一家公司；a fluctuation 起伏，波动；an assortment 分类，混合物；a matching匹配，一致。选项C与之意思最为相近。21.单选题The presidents enemies are spreading ill rumors to （ ）his authority.问题1选项A.assertB.forgeC.undermineD.remain【答案】C【解析】assert维护，主张，声称；forge伪造，锻造；undermine破坏，削弱；remain保

42、持，留下。句意：总统的敌人正在散布谣言去破坏他的权威。选项C符合句意。22.单选题Faulkners neighbors both loved and reviled him in the same breath.问题1选项A.scoldedB.revealedC.revivedD.reveled【答案】A【解析】句意：Faulkner的邻居们对他又爱又骂。reviled意为“辱骂，谩骂”。scolded责骂，训斥；revealed透露，显示；revived使复活，使恢复；reveled狂欢，陶醉。选项A与之意思相近。23.单选题Opportunities for rewarding work

43、 become fewer for both men and women as they grew older. After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection. Our youth-oriented, threw-away culture sees little value in older people. In writer Lillian Hellmans wor

44、ds, they have the wisdom that comes with age that we cant make use of.”Unemployment and economic need for work is higher among older women, especially minorities, than among younger white women. A national council reports these findings. Though unemployed longer when seeking work, older women job-hu

45、nt harder, hold a job longer with less absenteeism, perform as well or better, are more reliable, and are more willing go learn than men or younger women. Yet many older women earn poor pay and face a future of poverty in their retirement years. When sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer on the

46、doorstep-it moves in, according to Tish Sommers, director of a special study on older women for the National Organization for Women. Yet a 1981 report on the White House Conference on Aging shows that as a group, older Americans are the wealthiest, best fed, best housed, healthiest, most self-relian

47、t older population in our history. This statement is small comfort to those living below the poverty line, but it does explode some of the old traditional beliefs and fears.Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volun

48、teer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years. They have few role models because in previous generations the life span was much shorter and expectations of life were fewer. They are ploughing new ground.Employers are beginning to recognize that the mature person can bring a great of

49、stability and responsibility to a position. One doesnt lose ability and experience on the eve of ones 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.1.After the age of 40,（ ）.2.From Hellmans remark, we can see that （ ）.3.Tish Sommers argues that（ ）.4.According to the third para

50、graph, it can be seen that older Americans（ ）.5.It can be concluded from the passage that the writer（ ）.问题1选项A.most workers are tired of their present jobsB.many workers tend to stick to their present jobsC.people find their jobs more rewarding than beforeD.people still wish to hunt fox more suitabl

51、e jobs问题2选项A.full use has been made of the wisdom of older peopleB.the wisdom of older people is not valued by American societyC.older people are no less intelligent than young peopleD.the wisdom of older people is of great value to American society问题3选项A.older women usually hard to escape povertyB.

52、older women usually perform better in their jobsC.the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexismD.more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism问题4选项A.have more job opportunities than young peopleB.live below the poverty lineC.have new opportunities to remain active in societyD.no lo

53、nger believe in the promise of a happy life upon retirement问题5选项A.calls attention to the living conditions of older AmericansB.believes that the value of older people is gaining increasing recognitionC.attempts to justify the youthoriented, throw-away culture of the United StatesD.argues people shou

54、ld not retire at the age of 65 or 70【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的二三句“After age 40, job hunting becomes even more difficult. Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection.”40岁以后，找工作变得更加困难。许多人宁愿待在因为自己年纪太大而无法胜任的工作岗位上，也不愿面对可能的拒绝。选项B符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据关键

55、词“Hellman”定位到第一段最后一句，用作家Lillian Hellman的话来说，他们拥有“我们无法利用的随着年龄增长而来的智慧”。再根据选项来推断，选项A中的“full use”明显错误；选项B“年长者的智慧没有被美国社会所重视”，符合原文；选项C和D在文中没有提及。所以本题选B。3.细节事实题。根据关键词定位到第二段，然而，许多老年妇女收入微薄，在退休后面临贫困的未来。据英国国家妇女组织一项针对老年妇女的特别研究的负责人Tish Sommers说，当性别歧视与年龄歧视发生冲突时，贫困就不再近在咫尺它正在向贫困逼近。也就是说，年长的女性通常很难摆脱贫困，选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。

56、根据第三段第一句“Opportunities for moving in and up in a large company may shrink but many older people begin successful small businesses, volunteer in satisfying activities, and stay active for many years.”尽管进入大公司并晋升的机会可能会减少，但许多老年人开始成功的小生意，自愿参加令人满意的活动，并在多年来都保持着活跃。由此可知，老年人有新的机会在社会上保持活跃，选项C符合原文。5.推理判断题。结合全文内

57、容可知，作者主要表达的思想是美国社会忽略了年长者的智慧，再根据最后一段末句“One doesnt lose ability and experience on the eve of ones 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.”一个人在65岁或70岁生日前夕不会丧失能力和经验，正如一个人在21岁时不会立即长大一样。也就是说，作者相信老年人的价值正在获得越来越多的认可。选项B符合原文。24.单选题People with a great deal of （ ）often have admirin

58、g friends and bitter enemies.问题1选项A.qualityB.appearanceC.personalityD.characters【答案】C【解析】a great deal of后面接不可数名词，首先排除选项D；再根据句意可知，选项C更符合语境。句意：很有个性的人往往有仰慕他的朋友和充满仇恨的敌人。25.单选题In school examinations certain subjects are optional.问题1选项A.not difficultB.not necessaryC.not to be chosenD.not compulsory【答案】D【解

59、析】optional意为“可选择的，随意的”。not compulsory非强制的，选项D与原句所表达的意思相符。26.单选题The article insinuated that the official was bribed.问题1选项A.denied positivelyB.stated flatlyC.argued convincinglyD.suggested indirectly【答案】D【解析】insinuate意为暗示。denied positively明确否认；stated flatly平平的陈述；argued convincingly 令人信服地论证；suggested i

60、ndirectly迂回的表示。选项D与之意思相近。27.单选题（ ）as only a second-rate Impressionist painter, Pisarro has recently received high praise from art critics.问题1选项A.He was long regardedB.Long was he regardedC.Long regardedD.Being long regarded【答案】C【解析】考查分词做状语。再由这里事情的发生有先后顺序知使用一般 过去式的C项正确；D项的被动式现在分词表原因，所以不正确。句意：长期以来，Pis