2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号16

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and（ ）knowledge.问题1选项A.extensiveB.expansiveC.intensiveD.expensive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。extensive “广泛的，大量的”；expansive “广阔的”； intensive“密集的，加强的”；expensiv

2、e“昂贵的”。句意：一个合格的老师要有良好的修养和广博的知识，这是非常重要的。选项A符合题意。2.单选题When we credit the successful people with intelligence, physical strength or good luck, we are making excuses for ourselves because we fall（ ）in all three.问题1选项A.rareB.lackingC.shortD.scarce【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。rare “稀罕的”；lacking “缺乏的；匮乏的”；short “缺乏的

3、”； scarce “不足的”。句意：当我们知晓成功人士拥有智力、体力和好运时，我们在为自己找借口，因为我们缺少这三样。fall short固定搭配，意思是“缺乏”，选项C符合题意。3.单选题Every means（ ） tried out but never with success, as far as my knowledge goes.问题1选项A.isB.areC.has beenD.have been【答案】C【解析】考查主谓一致。every 开头，可知后面要用单数，根据句意可知要用完成时，因此选项C符合题意。4.单选题Though the subway system of the

4、 city has been well-planned for years, its funding is still in the air.问题1选项A.widely spreadingB.totally uncertainC.hysterically unconstraineD.already broadcast【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：虽然这个城市的地铁系统多年来已经做好规划，但是资金问题一直。widely spreading “广泛传播”；totally uncertain “完全不确定”；hysterically unconstrained “完全不受约束”；alread

5、y broadcast “已经播出”。根据句子前后逻辑可知资金问题一直没有解决，因此划线词组的意思是“悬而未决的”，选项B符合题意。5.单选题Giving Employees What They Want: The Returns are HugeDavid Sirota, co-author of The Enthusiastic Employee: How Companies Profit by Giving Workers What They Want, finds that firms where employee morale is high tend to outperform c

6、ompetitors. He told us: People at work have various basic goals. First, they want to be treated fairly. Employees want to know they are getting what is normally defined as competitive pay. If I feel underpaid, there is not much an organization can do to boost my morale. Second, employees want a sens

7、e of achievement from work. The key element is to be proud of your job and proud of the organization for which you are doing it. The third element is camaraderie. This is also not mentioned much in our field, but its keynot only in the sense of having a friend, but working well together as a team.”A

8、nd, he says, there are a number of other things companies can do to boost morale: “First, provide security. Laying off people should be the last resort, not the first thing you do. Some companies use a ring of defense. If the business is having difficulties, they retrain workers or bring work inside

9、 from subcontractors. There are a number of steps you can take before making people redundant.Second, where there are difficulties in getting work done, we suggest self-managed teams. Toyota is a good example in having a team of workers manage part of the assembly line. The team could look at qualit

10、y and at whatever kinds of maintenance and support were needed, and it could decide how to rotate workers. As opposed to the usual top-down management, this approach is tremendously satisfying for workers, and thus reduces the need for bureaucracy because the people essentially are managing themselv

11、es.“Recognition is also important. Organization-wide awards should be like the Nobel Prize, where peers are involved in the selection of the individuals who receive the award for outstanding achievement, not day-to-day work.“The traditional merit pay systems with an appraisal and pay increase are qu

12、ite negative. Workers feel no relation between what they do and their pay increase. A reward has to be felt as such. Research has verified a system such as gain sharing, in which a group of workers judges its performance over time. If productivity goes up 20% and the workforce increases 10%, then th

13、at means there is greater efficiency.“In the 1980s and 1990s, we had a reaction to particular forms of management. We talk about four kinds: the first one is paternalism, where workers are treated as children. Then there is adversarial, where workers are the enemy. Then there is transactional, where

14、 workers are like ciphers. Management does not know what they are like as individuals. The attitude is, We paid you, now we are even. We dont owe you anything. Thats where most companies have gone today. Loyalty is dead.“The fourth is what we have been talking about, which is the partnership organiz

15、ation. It does not mean that because I paid you, we are now even. You dont treat partners that way because you might need them to help you out sometime, and they might need you. Its more like a relationship between mature adults - not like children or enemies, but allies.”1.In paragraph 1, what effe

16、ct of high morale is mentioned?2.Which of these does Sirota suggest is good reaction for a company with financial problems?3.How did Toyota motivate workers on assembly lines?4.How should bonuses be awarded, according to Sirota?5.What, nowadays, is the typical management-worker relationship?问题1选项A.E

17、mployees stay with the company longer.B.Employees work harder than their counterparts in other companies.C.Companies produce better results than their rivals.D.Companies with high morale are more respected.问题2选项A.Reducing the workforce.B.Outsourcing to reduce costs.C.Reducing the rewards packages.D.

18、Transferring employees to other jobs.问题3选项A.By asking managers to take turns to perform as workers.B.By letting groups of workers make decisions on their work organization.C.By allowing teams to take over the whole process of production.D.By rewarding them for achieving their production target.问题4选项

19、A.They should be decided by people at the same level in the organization.B.They should be given on a monthly basis.C.They should be bases on routine work.D.They should be awarded as a result of evaluation from line managers.问题5选项A.On where workers have to be cared for by their managers.B.One of host

20、ility, showing strong dislike with each other.C.One which is purely economic.D.One of co-operation on equal terms.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段第一句后半部分提到“发现那些员工士气高的公司比他们的竞争公司经营得要好”（finds that firms where employee morale is high tend to outperform competitors），因此可知员工士气高的公司收益要比竞争对手高，

21、选项C符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段提到“解雇员工应该是最后的手段，而不是最初的。有些公司会采用一些防御办法。如果公司遇到困难，他们重新培训员工或者从别的承包商那里接工作”（Laying off people should be the last resort, not the first thing you do. Some companies use a ring of defense. If the business is having difficulties, they retrain workers or bring work inside from subcontrac

22、tors.），由此可知选项D“将员工调整到其他岗位”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第三段第一二句话提到“当工作遇到困难时，建议团队进行自我管理。Toyota就是最好的例子”（Second, where there are difficulties in getting work done, we suggest self-managed teams. Toyota is a good example in having a team of workers manage part of the assembly line），接着该段介绍了团队如何来进行自我管理，比如决定如何让员工轮班（dec

23、ide how to rotate workers）。因此选项B符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第五段提到“研究证实了一种收益分享的系统，在这种系统下一组员工不断进行绩效评估。如果生产量增加了20%，劳动力增加了10%，那么意味着效率更高”（Research has verified a system such as gain sharing, in which a group of workers judges its performance over time. If productivity goes up 20% and the workforce increases 10%, th

24、en that means there is greater efficiency），由此可知奖励是根据员工的工作业绩来定的，选项C符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到“它更像成年人之间的一种关系，不像孩子或者敌人之间的相处模式，而是盟友”（Its more like a relationship between mature adults - not like children or enemies, but allies），由此可知选项D“平等的合作关系”符合题意。6.单选题Please excuse me if I have left any of my questi

25、ons（ ） .问题1选项A.to be unansweredB.not to answerC.unansweredD.being unanswered【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。leave sth. done意为“使处于状态”，因此选项C符合题意。7.单选题Should either of these situations occur, wrong control actions might be taken and a potential accident sequence initiated.问题1选项A.importedB.installedC.startedD.interview

26、ed【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果发生这两种情况之一，可能会采取错误的控制措施，并且潜在的事故序列会被。import “输入，引进”；install “安装，设置”；start “启动，开始”；interview “采访，接见；面试”。根据“a potential accident sequence”可推测划线单词的意思是“启动，开始”，因此选项C符合题意。8.单选题The organization had broken no rules, but（ ） had it acted responsibly.问题1选项A.neitherB.soC.eitherD.both【答案】A

27、【解析】考查连词。本句式由连词but连接的并列句结构，前面是否定结构，后面应该与其一致，因此选项A符合题意。9.单选题It is hard to think of a field in which it is not important to（ ）what is likely to happen and act accordingly.问题1选项A.look outB.figure outC.turn outD.point out【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。look out “注意；当心”；figure out “解决；算出”；turn out “（以某种方式）发生；结果是”；point

28、out “指出；指明”。句意：很难想象在某一个领域知道接下来可能发生什么并且采取了相应的行动这种做法不重要。选项B符合题意。10.单选题It must guide public opinion, after presenting（ ）both sides of every issue and pointing out to readers what measures seem to promise the greater good for the greater number.问题1选项A.inquisitivelyB.inconceivablyC.appallinglyD.impartial

29、ly【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析题。inquisitively “好问地，过分好奇地”；inconceivably “不可思议地”； appallingly“使人惊骇地”；impartially“公正地”。句意：公平地展现每个问题的两面并向读者指出什么样的方式能够保证绝大部分人的利益，这样就肯定能引导公众舆论。选项D符合题意。11.单选题Youre filling out the application form for a position you really need; lets assume you once actually completed a couple of years

30、of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isnt it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to l

31、and their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at m

32、ost well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school

33、calls them “imposters”； another refers to them as “special cases”. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by “no such people”.To avoid outright lies, some job-seekers claim that they “were associated with” a college or university

34、. After carefully checking, as personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with” a college means that the job seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says t

35、hat the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century - thats when they began keeping records, anyhow.If you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name o

36、n a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot University”. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue”. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is called Purdue University, the p

37、rices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.1.The main idea of this passage is that （ ）.2.According to the passage, “special cases” (Para.3) refers to cases where（ ）.3.We can infer from the passage that（ ）.4.This passage implies that（ ）.5.The word “utter” (Para.2) probably means（ ）.问题1选项A.employer

38、s are checking more closely on applicants nowB.lying about college degrees has become a widespread problemC.College degrees can now be purchased easilyD.employers are no longer interested in college degrees问题2选项A.students attend a school only part-timeB.students never attended a school they listed o

39、n their applicationC.students purchase false degrees from commercial firmsD.students attended a famous school问题3选项A.performance is a better judge of ability than a college degreeB.experience is the best teacherC.past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD.a degree from a f

40、amous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition问题4选项A.buying a false degree is not moralB.personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schoolsC.most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from schoolD.society should be greatly responsible

41、 for lying on applications问题5选项A.addressB.thoroughC.ultimateD.decisive【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章的主旨是什么？”文章主要讲述了越来越多的人在求职时对他们的学历撒谎，以及形成这种现象的原因。选项B“在学历方面撒谎已经成了普遍的问题”符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，第三段提到的特殊情况指的是什么？”文章第三段提到人事专员会验证求职者列出来的学历，当被证实求职者在撒谎时，大部分学校不会直接谴责那个撒谎的求职者，比如，有所常春藤学

42、校称其为“骗子”（imposters），另一所学校称其为“特殊情况”(special cases)，说明这些求职者并不是这些学校的学生，因此选项B符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章我们能了解到什么？”文章第二段提到“人事专员跟大多数美国人一样注重名校的学历。求职者虽然受到了良好的教育，但是他们认为如果毕业于名校，被录取的机会更高（for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anywa

43、y, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university）”，因此选项D“名校的学历能让求职者在竞争中有优势”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。题目问的是“这篇文章暗示了什么？”文章第二段提到越来越多的人在找工作的时候撒谎，因为像大部分美国人一样，人事专员非常看重名校学历（More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to

44、move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools），即这么多人选择撒谎，是因为社会看重名校学历。因此，选项D“社会应该对求职者撒谎负很大责任”符合题意。第5题:词义题。题目问的是“第二段中的utter一词是什么意思？”文章第二段中“utter”后面的“this”指上文提到的“声称自己的毕业证书代表着哈佛大学的学位”（claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard d

45、egree），由此可知utter是“说”的意思。选项A符合题意。12.单选题The prodigal son（ ）his large inheritance in a few years of heavy spending.问题1选项A.inheritedB.receivedC.accumulatedD.dissipated【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。inherit“继承”；receive“收到；接待”；accumulate“积攒”；dissipate “浪费；使 消散”。句意：那个花钱大手大脚的败家子短短几年就把那一大笔遗产挥霍掉了。选项D符合题意。13.单选题Though the

46、policies of racial （ ）had been abolished, many whites in the South were still dubious about the safety of the communities.问题1选项A.segregationB.regulationsC.communismD.extinction【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。segregation “分离；隔离”；regulations “管理条例；章则”；communism “共产主义”；extinction “灭绝；消失”。句意：尽管种族隔离制度已经被废除，但是南方很多白人仍然质

47、疑社区的安全。选项A符合题意。14.单选题When the opposing player fouled John, John let his anger（ ）his good sense and hit the boy back.问题1选项A.got the feel ofB.got the hang ofC.got the better ofD.got the worst of【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。get the feel of “开始熟谙；习惯于”；get the hang of “得知的窍门”；get the better of “打败；战胜”；get the worst o

48、f “失利；遭到失败”。句意：当对方球员对约翰犯规时，约翰让自己的愤怒战胜了自己的理智，他回击了那个男孩。选项C符合题意。15.单选题After the fierce quarrel, they began to have a（ ）loathing for each other.问题1选项A.boringB.reciprocalC.friendlyD.standing【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。boring “无聊的；令人厌烦的”；reciprocal “互惠的；相互的”；friendly “友好的；亲切的”；standing “长期存在的”。句意：在那次激烈的争吵后，他们开始相互厌

49、恶。选项B符合题意。16.单选题He decided he was going to take（ ）for the murder of his sister问题1选项A.refugeB.testifyC.certifyD.allege【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。refuge “避难；避难所”；testify “作证，证明”，动词；certify “证明；保证”；allege “宣称；断言”。句意：他决定因为谋杀自己妹妹而寻求庇护。选项A符合题意。17.单选题In the accident three men were trapped in a submerged vehicle, and

50、their only hope was another man whose legs were broken.问题1选项A.wreckedB.burntC.overturnedD.sunk【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这次事故中，三个人被困在一辆被水淹没的汽车中，而另外一位腿受伤的男性是他们唯一的希望。wrecked “失事的，遇难的”；burnt “烧焦的”；overturned “倾覆的”；sunk “下沉的”。划线单词submerge的意思是“水下的”，因此选项D符合题意。18.单选题Pirated compact disks and floppy disks remai

51、ned the second biggest vehicle for the spread of computer viruses despite the governments determined efforts to quash software piracy.问题1选项A.boostB.preventC.crushD.restrict【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管政府决心盗版软件，但是盗版光碟和软盘仍然是电脑病毒传播的第二大媒介。boost“使增长，使兴旺”；prevent “预防，阻止”；crush “压碎，捣碎”；restrict “（以法规）限制；约束”。根据后面

52、的“software piracy”可知是“政府打击盗版软件”，推测出划线单词quash的意思是“打击，镇压”，因此选项D符合题意。19.单选题In the packed hall, the people sitting close to me（ ）me into the comer little by little.问题1选项A.draggedB.drewC.frightenedD.wedged【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。drag “拖拉；拖曳”；draw “画；拉；吸引”；frighten “使惊吓；吓唬”；wedge “楔入；挤进”。句意：在拥挤的大厅，紧挨着我坐的人逐渐将我挤进

53、了角落。选项D符合题意。20.单选题If everybody has arrived the meeting may（ ）now.问题1选项A.commenceB.criticizeC.commentD.conclude【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。commence“开始；着手”；criticize“批评；评论”；comment“发表评论”；conclude“推断；断定”。句意：如果每个人都到了，那会议就开始了。选项A符合题意。21.单选题Cyberspace, data superhighways, multimediafor those who have seen the futur

54、e, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives forever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself wit

55、h the how, the question of “for whom” is put aside once again.Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational

56、 corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global marketwith destructive impact

57、on the have-nots.For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As “futures” are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and

58、less control of their destinies. So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselves so-called “development communications” modernization. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps perman

59、ent constraints on developing countries economies.Communications technology is generally exported from the U.S. Europe, or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries. It is also expensive, and imported products and services must theref

60、ore be bought on credit-credit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain.Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit it for native development. This means that while local elites, foreign communities and subsidiarie