2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号77

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are _ free medical care.问题1选项A.entitled toB.involved inC.associated withD.assigned to【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项entitled to“有权享有；有的资格”；B选项involved in“涉及”；C选项assoc

2、iated with“与有关”；D选项assigned to“被分配给”。句意：众所周知，我国的退休工人_免费医疗。根据语境，这里指的是退休工人有免费医疗的权利，A选项entitled to“有权享有；有的资格”符合题意。因此A选项正确。2.单选题He was _ about the spring outing but be came back quite depressed and said he shouldnt have joined in it.问题1选项A.courageousB.discouragedC.enthusiasticD.fantastic【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考

3、查形容词辨析。A选项courageous“勇敢的”；B选项discouraged“灰心的”；C选项enthusiastic“热衷的；热烈的”；D选项fantastic“极好的；富于想象的”。句意：他本来_于春游，但回来时却很沮丧，说他不应该参加春游。根据语境，这里指在春游之前他对此非常激动和期待，C选项enthusiastic“热衷的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。3.单选题If you discuss a subject without taking an adversarial position, youll get closer to the truth of the matter than

4、 you would by going at each other _.问题1选项A.eye to eyeB.face to faceC.hammer and tongsD.hammer and nails【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项eye to eye“心有灵犀；四目相对”；B选项face to face“面对面”；C选项hammer and tongs“竭尽全力”；D选项hammer and nails“锤子和钉子”。句意：如果不站在敌对的立场讨论问题，相比于_相互攻击，你们会更接近问题的真相。根据语境，这里指的是不要把全部注意力放在用言语相互攻击对方，C选项hamm

5、er and tongs“竭尽全力”符合题意。这里没有提到是否是面对面讨论问题还是以其他方式，B选项face to face“面对面”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。4.单选题She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it _ enough to eat.问题1选项A.mildB.slightC.lightD.tender【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项mild“（天气、情感）温和的；（味道）清淡的”；B选项slight“轻微的；瘦小的”；C选项light“明亮的；（重量）轻的”；D选项tender“（食物）嫩的”。句意：

6、她把肉煮了很长时间，来让肉吃起来足够_。D选项符合题意。因此D选项正确。5.单选题Nobody believes he made such a foolish mistake. People say he is very _.问题1选项A.experienceB.careerC.accurateD.actual【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项experience“经验；阅历”；B选项career“职业生涯”；C选项accurate“正确无误的；精确的”；D选项actual“实际的；（强调事情最重要的部分）真正的”。句意：没有人相信他犯了这样一个愚蠢的错误。因为人们认为他非常_

7、。根据语境，这里指的是在别人眼中，他做事不会行差踏错，C选项accurate“正确无误的；精确的”符合题意，指的是他非常可靠。因此C选项正确。6.单选题“The Google brand has taken on a life of its own,” concedes Jim Lanzone, the boss of A, the fourth-largest but fastest-growing search engine, and this simultaneously frustrates and delights him. It frustrates him bemuse peop

8、le say they “Google” things even when they go to Ask or other engines to search the web; bemuse Google is considered, for no good reason (in his opinion), “the safe choice under pressure”; and bemuse many people “dont seem to want choice” and stick to Google out of mere inertia.But it delights him,

9、because Google, having made many enemies, must now fight many battles; and because Google, perhaps out of hubris, appears to be getting distracted. This month, for instance, Google unveiled a free online spreadsheet program, which, like many Google products, has little to do with web search and is m

10、eant to needle Microsoft, the worlds largest software company, which has a near-monopoly on spreadsheets through Excel. Google, in other words, has impressive momentum, says Mr. Lanzone, but a good martial-artist can use his opponents momentum to overcome him, so “were using search aikido”.Yahoo!, t

11、he largest internet portal with about 400m users (of its e-mail, instant-messaging, music and other products), has come up with a strategy to differentiate its own search engine. Yahoo! has been at this game for only two years, but now has hundreds of engineers working on it. In contrast to the quas

12、i-religious faith that Google places in its mathematical algorithms, says Eckart Walther, one of Yahoo!s search bosses, Yahoo! is “about combining the best of people with the best of technology”.Ask is taking a different tack. It has come up with Expert Rank, an algorithm that also ranks web pages b

13、y incoming links and links by theme. So instead of using a web pages overall popularity to calculate its ranking, it finds the pages that are most popular among experts on a particular subject, a method that often returns better results than Googles. Ask also uses these thematic clusters to suggest

14、the best ways to narrow or expand a search, a feature called “zoom” that is very popular. Chris Sherman of Search Engine Watch thinks that Ask is as good as Google for general web searchbut better than Genie for finding online maps and images.As for Microsoft, it has identified Google as a mortal th

15、reat to its business and has launched an all-out effort to catch up in online services in general, and in search in particular. Last winter, it tried to buy itself market share by negotiating with AOL for a mergeror at least an agreement under which AOL would switch from Googles search technology to

16、 MSNs; but Google pre-empted Microsoft and itself took a defensive stake in AOL. Microsoft has also hired former rivals who are well respected in the industry.1. What is the central idea of this passage?2. What is the potential crisis for Google according to Jim Lanzone?3. What is the possible meani

17、ng of “aikido” in Paragraph 2?4. Which of the statement is NOT true about Expert Rank?5. Which is the reaction taken to cope with Googles challenge?问题1选项A.Google manages to seize more market share in software business.B.Googles growth threatens companies like Microsoft to a large extent.C.Google dom

18、inates the on-line search market.D.Google is confronted with stiff competition.问题2选项A.Its rivals are trying to form alliance.B.Google extends into various fields.C.Google overestimates its technique.D.Googles new on-line program attracts more users.问题3选项A.Observing the power contrast between the two

19、 sides.B.Temporary compromising in attempt to launch a violent fight-back.C.Defending oneself by making use of the rivals strength.D.Attacking the obvious weakness of the opponent.问题4选项A.Ranking is seldom counted by the pages popularity.B.Relevant information can be effectively and efficiently sough

20、t.C.It searches information prevailing in experts on particular topics.D.It even outdoes Google.问题5选项A.Developing spreadsheets with better functions.B.The addition of humanistic consideration to arithmetic rules.C.Linking pages by themes.D.Combing the rivals of Google.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解

21、析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出谷歌在搜索引擎业务的用户有转向使用其他搜索引擎的意愿，第二段提出谷歌扩展业务遇到强劲对手，接下来三段都在讲谷歌的竞争对手具体采取的措施和谷歌竞争，D选项“谷歌面临激烈竞争”正确。A选项“谷歌设法在软件业务中夺取更多的市场份额”，B选项“谷歌的增长在很大程度上威胁到了微软这样的公司”和C选项“谷歌主导了在线搜索市场”：是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】语义推测题。文章在第一段提出许多人因为惯性而用谷歌，第二段第一句提出But it delights him, because Google,

22、having made many enemies, must now fight many battles; and because Google, perhaps out of hubris, appears to be getting distracted.（但他很高兴，因为他已经树敌无数，现在必须打许多仗；因为谷歌，也许是狂妄自大，似乎分心了。），第二段第二句提出This month, for instance, Google unveiled a free online spreadsheet program（例如，本月谷歌推出了一款免费的在线电子表格程序），列举了谷歌在其他领域的业务

23、，可知这里表示的是谷歌的业务扩展到各个领域，一方面对外有很多竞争者，一方面对内可能精力不足，B选项“谷歌扩展到各个领域”正确。A选项“其对手正试图结成联盟”，C选项“谷歌高估了它的技术”和D选项“谷歌新的在线节目吸引了更多的用户”：文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。aikido的意思是“合气道（以擒、摔为主的一种日本武术）”。根据第二段最后一句a good martial-artist can use his opponents momentum to overcome him, so “were using search aikido”（一个好的武术家可

24、以利用他的对手的势头来战胜他，所以“我们使用搜索合气道”），所以在这里合气道的意思是利用对手的攻势来反攻对方，C选项“利用对手的力量保护自己”正确。A选项“观察双方的力量对比”，B选项“为了发动暴力反击而做出的暂时妥协”和D选项“攻击对手的明显弱点”：不符合题意。因此C选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第三句So instead of using a web pages overall popularity to calculate its ranking, it finds the pages that are most popular among experts

25、 on a particular subject, a method that often returns better results than Googles.（因此，它不是按照网页总浏览量来计算排序，而是通过专家对某个题目的关注程度排序，这种方法得到的结果往往比谷歌更好。），可知完全不以网页的受欢迎程度计算排名，A选项“排序很少以页面的受欢迎程度来计算”不符合文章内容，故正确；C选项“它搜索专家对特定主题的常关注的信息”和D选项“它甚至超过谷歌”符合文章内容。根据第四段最后一句Ask is as good as Google for general web searchbut bette

26、r than Genie for finding online maps and images（在一般的网络搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一样好，但在搜索在线地图和图像方面要比Genie好），可知B选项“能够有效和高效地寻找相关信息”符合文章内容。因此A选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。根据第四段最后一句Chris Sherman of Search Engine Watch thinks that Ask is as good as Google for general web searchbut better than Genie for finding online maps

27、and images.（Search Engine Watch的克里斯谢尔曼认为，在一般的网络搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一样好，但在搜索在线地图和图像方面要比Genie好。）和第五段第二句Last winter, it tried to buy itself market share by negotiating with AOL for a mergeror at least an agreement under which AOL would switch from Googles search technology to MSNs（去年冬天，它试图通过与AOL的谈判来购买自己的市场份额或者至

28、少达成一项协议，让AOL从谷歌的搜索技术转向MSN的搜索技术），可知各个公司在关注谷歌竞争对手的产品质量以及和其他公司联合，D选项“观察联合谷歌的竞争对手”正确。A选项“开发功能更好的电子表格”：不是任何一个公司的举措。B选项“算术规则中增加了对于人文的考虑”：根据第三段最后一句Yahoo! is “about combining the best of people with the best of technology”（雅虎是“将最优秀的人与最优秀的技术结合起来”），可知这是雅虎的措施。C选项“通过主题链接页面”：根据第四段第二句It has come up with Expert Ra

29、nk, an algorithm that also ranks web pages by incoming links and links by theme.（Ask推出了“专家排名”算法，该算法还可以根据传入链接和主题对网页进行排名。），可知这是Ask的措施。因此C选项正确。7.单选题He said he is my _ friend but I dont think so.问题1选项A.intensiveB.onionC.intimateD.occasion【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项intensive“密集的”；B选项onion“洋葱，葱头”；C选项intimat

30、e“亲密的，密切的”；D选项occasion“某次，的时候”。句意：他说他是我_的朋友，但我不这么认为。根据语境，这里形容的是我们之间的关系是怎样的，C选项intimate“亲密的，密切的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。8.单选题His guess was _ of the mark.问题1选项A.distantB.farC.broadD.wide【答案】D【解析】8.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项distant“遥远的；不同的”；B选项far“远方的”；C选项broad“宽的；广泛的”；D选项wide“宽阔的；宽度为的”。D选项be wide of the mark“离题万里，文

31、不对题”，其余选项非固定搭配，用法错误。句意：他猜得太离谱了。因此D选项正确。9.单选题_ she realized it was too late to go home.问题1选项A.No sooner it grew dark thanB.Hardly did it grow dark thatC.Scarcely had it grown dark thanD.It was not until dark that【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查倒装句。句意：直到天黑，她才意识到太晚了，不能回家了。A、B、C选项意思为“一就”；A选项no soonerthan置于句首，前面部分倒装；B选

32、项hardlywhen“”和C选项scarcelywhen是固定搭配。D选项it is not untilthat“直到才”用法正确。因此D选项正确。10.单选题The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at _.问题1选项A.lossB.stakeC.dangerD.threat【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项loss“损失”；B选项stake“（在公司、计划等中的）重大利害关系”，at stake“得失都可能；有风险”；C选项danger

33、“危险”；D选项threat“威胁，恐吓；凶兆”。句意：农民比城市里的人更渴望雨水，因为他们面临着更多_。根据语境，这里指的是没有下雨的话，农民比城市里的人面临更多不确定因素，结合短语at stake“得失都可能；有风险”，B选项stake“（在公司、计划等中的）重大利害关系”符合题意。因此B选项正确。11.单选题You _ him so closely, you should have kept your distance.问题1选项A.couldnt have been followingB.shouldnt have been followingC.shouldnt followD.mu

34、stnt follow【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查情态动词。句意：你_跟他那么近，你应该跟他保持距离的。这里指的是应该保持距离，不应该那么近，句子前面部分和后面部分表达同一个意思，根据后面you should可知前面对应的是you，C选项shouldnt follow正确。B选项shouldnt have been following“本不应该被跟”不符合语境。A选项couldnt have been following和D选项mustnt follow中情态词不对应，表达的意思不同。因此C选项正确。12.单选题The alcohol intake of Greeks is also m

35、odest _ European terms, but theyre the biggest smokers in the 15-country bloc, _ up eight times a day for every man, woman and child.问题1选项A.during, lightedB.in, lightingC.for, lightedD.as, lighting【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配与非谓语动词。句意：在欧洲，希腊人的饮酒量也不算高，但他们却是15国中吸烟人数最多的国家，男女老少平均每天要抽8次烟。根据固定搭配in terms of“在方面，从

36、角度”，确定第一根横线用介词in；第二根横线考查非谓语动词，其逻辑主语和本句的主语一致，动作是主语主动发出，确定用现在分词lighting，B选项in, lighting符合题意。因此B选项正确。13.单选题He has a bad impression of his _ in the office.问题1选项A.barbersB.audienceC.colleaguesD.bullets【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项barbers“理发师；理发店”；B选项audience“观众；听众；读者”；C选项colleagues“同事”；D选项bullets“子弹”。句意：他对办公

37、室里的_印象很差。根据语境，办公室里的是同事，C选项colleagues“同事”符合题意。因此C选项正确。14.翻译题For many traditionalists in business and economics, the death of old-style competition as the number-one route to success will hard to swallow. But in the new view, Darwinian competition is of limited value in longer term. (1)The more import

38、ant challenges is to create opportunities and adapt to changes in a complex network of companies that may sometimes be cooperators sometimes competitors.Just as the idea of economic webs is forcing companies to change their business strategies, so it is altering views about economics. (2) In place o

39、f classic theory of decreasing returns as resources and markets are exploited economist Arthur sees what he calls increasing returns. “Increasing returns are the tendency for what is ahead to get farther ahead,” he says. “if a product or a company or a technologyone of many competing in a market-get

40、s ahead by chance or clever strategy, increasing returns can magnify this, and the product or company can make a killing from a product that is not as good as its competitors.”(3) If business systems and ecosystems have something basic in common there is worrying news for bosses. The first rule of c

41、omplex systems is that it is almost impossible to predict who is a friend and who is an enemy,” says Pimm. He describes field experiments in which a predator is removed from a community. You might expect its prey, species A, to thrive. (4)But about half the time species A suffers because the predato

42、r has another prey species B, competing with species A. With the population of species B no longer kept in check by predator, it may even push species A to local extinction.Business ecosystems face problem of deciding who is a friend and who is an enemy. And the bad news doesnt stop here. “When ever

43、ything is connected directly or indirectly to everything else, changes in one part of the system may be propagated throughout,” says Pimm. (60) “Sometimes species may go extinct though no fault of their own.”【答案】1. 在复杂的企业网络中，企业之间有时合作有时竞争，更重要的挑战是创造机会并适应变化。2. 随着资源和市场的开发，传统的收益递减理论被经济学家亚瑟提出的收益递增理论取代。3.

44、如果商业系统和生态系统有一些基本的共同点，那么老板们就会担忧。4. 但物种A总是遭殃，因为捕食者有另一个猎物物种B，而物种B与物种A竞争。5. 有时，尽管不是自身的错，物种也可能会灭绝。15.单选题It was a close boxing game, but the boxer in blue was _ to be the winner by three of the four referees.问题1选项A.destinedB.deemedC.doomedD.adapted【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项destined“指定”；B选项deemed“认为”；C选项doo

45、med“注定”；D选项adapted“适应；改装”。句意：这是一场势均力敌的拳击比赛，但4名裁判中有3名_穿蓝衣服的拳击手获胜。根据语境，这里指有三位裁判判穿蓝衣服的拳击手获胜，B选项deemed“认为”符合题意。因此B选项正确。16.单选题The computer revolution may well change society as _ as did the Industrial Revolution.问题1选项A.fundamentallyB.comparativelyC.certainlyD.insignificantly【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A选项funda

46、mentally“根本地”；B选项comparatively“相对地”；C选项certainly“无疑地”；D选项insignificantly“无关紧要地”。句意：计算机革命很可能像工业革命一样_改变社会。根据语境，这里指的是计算机革命和工业革命一样对社会的影响重大，A选项fundamentally“根本地”符合题意。题干中提到计算机革命很可能会改变社会，C选项certainly“无疑地”错误。因此A选项正确。17.单选题_ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.问题1选项A.In spite

47、 ofB.Because ofC.But forD.As for【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项In spite of“尽管”；B选项Because of“因为”；C选项But for“要不是，如果没有”；D选项As for“至于”。句意：_英语考试，上星期天我就去听音乐会了。根据语境，这里指的是因为有英语考试这个缘故，我没有去听音乐会，C选项But for“要不是，如果没有”符合题意。因此C选项正确。18.单选题Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded_ 27%.问题1选项A.toB.in

48、C.byD.for【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项expanded to“增加到”；B选项expand in“在中增加”；C选项expand by“增加了”；D选项expand for非固定搭配。句意：在1974至1997年间，海外游客人数_27%。根据语境，这里指的是海外游客人数在这些年的对比，C选项expand by“增加了”符合题意。因此C选项正确。19.单选题Such _ the case, I cant afford to support him.问题1选项A.beingB.isC.has beenD.had been【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。句

49、意：如果是这样的话，我就负担不起赡养他的费用。逗号后面是完整的句子，所以逗号前面的部分是句子的状语，即横线处应是非谓语动词，只有A选项being现在分词是非谓语动词，符合题意。B选项is是一般现在时；C选项has been和D选项had been不是正确的时态用法。因此A选项正确。20.单选题The original guidelines only have some methods in them. Now we are going to _ exactly what kind of food is good for their health and what is bad.问题1选项A.m

50、ake clear it to the publicB.make it to the public clearC.make it clear to the publicD.make clear to the public it is【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：原来的指南中只有一些方法。现在我们要让公众清楚地知道什么样的食物对他们的健康有好处，什么是不好的。be going to 后面用动词原形，结合固定搭配make sth.+adj. to sth.“使A对B来说”，确定C选项make it clear to the public符合题意，其余用法错误。因此C选项正确。2

51、1.单选题With school leavers and graduates in China now mainly free to _ in the world of work, the number of young people starting up their own business has increased rapidly.问题1选项A.make their own wayB.follow their own pathC.lead a happy lifeD.learn a good lesson【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项make their own w

52、ay“走出自己的路”；B选项follow their own path“跟随自己的路”；C选项lead a happy life“通往幸福的生活”；D选项learn a good lesson“功课学得好，好好上一课”。句意：随着中国的辍学生和毕业生在工作中基本上可以自由_，自主创业的年轻人数量迅速增加。根据语境，这里指的是这些学生可以自己开创自己的道路，A选项make their own way“走出自己的路”符合题意。因此A选项正确。22.单选题This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _ comfortably.

53、问题1选项A.wearingB.are wornC.is wornD.wears【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这种眼镜由经验丰富的工匠制作，戴起来很舒服。This kind of glasses是句子主语，manufactured by experienced craftsmen是修饰主语的定语，横线部分是谓语动词，comfortably是状语。根据主语是第三人称单数确定wears符合题意。A选项wearing是非谓语动词；B选项are worn和C选项is worn是被动语态，这里不用被动语态。因此D选项正确。23.单选题You must be very careful;

54、 the work _ precision.问题1选项A.retainsB.entailsC.retailsD.repels【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项retains“保持”；B选项entails“牵涉；需要”；C选项retails“述说（尤指别人的事情）”；D选项repels“击退；赶走”。句意：你必须非常小心；这项工作_精确。根据语境，这里指这是份细致的工作，B选项entails“牵涉；需要”符合题意。因此B选项正确。24.单选题All the information we have collected in relation to that case _ very

55、little.问题1选项A.makes up forB.adds up toC.comes up withD.puts up with【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项makes up for“弥补”；B选项adds up to“总计为；累计起来”；C选项comes up with“想出；赶上”；D选项puts up with“忍受，容忍”。句意：我们收集到的有关那个案件的所有资料_毫无价值。根据语境，这里指的是这些资料没有价值，B选项adds up to“总计为；累计起来”符合题意。因此B选项正确。25.单选题Corn originated in the New World

56、and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _ in Cuba.问题1选项A.being cultivatedB.been cultivatedC.having cultivatedD.cultivating【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：玉米原产于新大陆，因此直到哥伦布发现古巴在种植玉米，欧洲才知道它的存在。it指玉米，根据玉米被种植确定用被动语态，排除C、D选项；在until引导的时间状语从句中，it是宾语，横线到句尾是宾补，强调被种植的状态，用现在分词的形式，A选项being cultivated符

57、合题意。B选项been cultivated用法错误。因此A选项正确。26.单选题His debts had to be _ after he committed suicide with his rifle.问题1选项A.laid offB.written offC.turned offD.put off【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项laid off“下岗，解雇”；B选项written off“一笔勾销；注销”；C选项turned off“关闭”；D选项put off“推迟”。句意：他用步枪自杀后，他欠下的债务不得不_。根据语境，这里指他自杀后债务就不存在了，B选项wri

58、tten off“一笔勾销；注销”符合题意。因此B选项正确。27.单选题Whenever I hear a weather report declaring its the hottest June 10 on record or whatever, I cant take it too seriously, because “ever” really means “as long as the records go hack”, which is only as far as the late 1800s. Scientists have other ways of measuring te

59、mperatures before that, thoughnot for individual dates, but they can tell the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks in corals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled into glacial ice. They can even use drawings of glaciers as there were hundr

60、eds of years ago compared with today.And in the most comprehensive compilation of such data to date, says a new report from the National Research Council, it looks pretty certain that the last few decades have been hotter than any comparable period in the last 400 years. Thats a blow to those who cl