高考时态和语态考点 讲与练 讲义-2023届高考英语一轮复习

1、高考时唯态考点讲与练语法填空中对时态和语态的考查短文语法填空的设空方式一般有两种：自由填空和提示填空。对时态和语态 的考查一般采用提示填空的方式。下面以实例解析该题型中时态和语态考点(同 时考查时态和语态的小题归入时态类讲解)。1.对时态的考查。【例 1 】The giant panda 61 (love) by people throughout the world.解析：is lovedo考查一般现在时的被动语态。文章首句陈述大熊猫为人所 喜爱，是现在的事实，故用一般现在时；主语the giant panda是动词love的 承受者，句中由by引出动作的执行者，是明显的被动语态提示词。【例

2、 2】Then, after two and a half years, the mother 69 (drive) the young panda away.解析：droveo句中的时间状语after two and a half years是过去时的明显 提示语。【例 3】Then it hit mewhy would she not want to tell me about what she 28 (do) ?解析：had doneo考查过去完成时。文章表达了一位母亲将食物拿去难民营 分给孩子们的故事。时间基调是过去时，该句“我”质疑母亲为何不愿把她的善举 告知自己，根据语境可知，用过

3、去完成时。【例 4】In recent years, stress 33 (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental 川ness.解析：has been regardedo考查现在完成时的被动语态。文章是说明文， 介绍一定范围内的压力能促进工作，但压力过大就会给生活带来负面影响。该 句中的in recent years”是现在完成时的标志性状语，且根据短语regard sth as”(认为某物是)的含义可知，此处主语stress是动作的承受者，故用 被动

4、语态。2.对语态的考查。【例 5】 Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 （make） of gold and silver with Chinese characters.（全国 III 卷）解析：be madeo考查被动语态。此处主语chopsticks是动作make的承受 者。短文改错中对时态和语态的考查1.对时态的考查。【例 1】I thought that it is a good idea.（改错题）解析：根据句子结果可知，句子的主句与从句的时态相互矛盾，主句谓语动 词用过去式时，除非从句所涉及内容为不受时间限制的客观存在，否那么不可能 用一般现在时。

5、根据本文语境可知，全文的时态基调是现在时，故将thought 改为thinko【例 2】Some people even had to wait outside.（改错题）解析：文章介绍叔叔的饭店，时态基调是现在时，故根据语境可知，需要将 had 改为 have。例 3 They always tell me what to do and how to do it.（改错题）解析：always作为频度副词，多与一般现在时连用，同时也与一般过去时、 过去进行时、现在完成时、现在进行时、一般将来时等时态连用，表示不同的 含义。作者回顾了自己的teenage years,意味着时态基调为过去时，故将

6、tell 改为toldo【例 4】We get up early in the morning.（改错题）解析：文章记叙母亲节这天我和爸爸一起做家务的经过，其时态基调是过 去畤，in the morning即指母亲节这天早晨，故将get改为got。【例 5】While they chat, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.（改错题）解析：文章回顾了“我在年幼时爸爸的一个惯常做法，时态基调为过去时。 该句的主句与从句的时态相互矛盾，根据本文语境可知，应将chat改为chatted。2

7、.对被动语态的考查。【例】 Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.(改错题)解析：该句含有一个that引导的宾语从句，其中从句主语fresh vegetables and high quality oil”是动作use的承受者，应该用被动语态，故将using改为 used, be used fod意为被用于。时态和语态备考建议英语通过动词的时态表达动作所发生的时间，或句中有明确的时间状语，或 文章会通过语篇中的时间指示语提示时态呼应关系。阅读是读者与作者思

8、想的 交流过程，读者应充分考虑文本的交际作用，确定其时态基调，并以此确定动 词提示填空题时态形式或检查短文改错中时态的误用情况。至于被动语态，其 基本点是考察句子的主语与谓语动作之间的关系，即主语是动作的执行者还是 其承受者，应熟记不规那么动词的过去式和过去分词以防拼写错误，应熟记只有 主动语态没有被动语态、用主动语态表示被动语态的情况等。同时，应加强题 型训练，熟悉多种考查的形式，掌握灵活的应试技巧。提优训练(一)语法填空AThe standard advice for multiple-choice tests is： if J trouble, stick with your first

9、 answer. And yet this is wrong.One survey of 33 different studies 2 (conduct) over 70 years found that people who change their answers do better than those who dont. In none of these studies did people get a 3 (low) score because they changed their minds.Study after study shows that 4 you change you

10、r answer in a multiple-choice test, you are more likely to be changing 5 from wrong to right than right to wrong. So actually sticking with your first answer 6(be) the wrong strategy.Why do so many people still say that you should stick with your first answer? Kruger et al. argue that its 7 (part) b

11、ecause it feels more 8. (pain) to get an answer wrong because you changed it than wrong because you didnt. So we tend to remember much more clearly the times when we 9 (change) from right to wrong. And so when taking a test we anticipate (预 期)the regret we will feel and convince 10 (us) that our fir

12、st answer is probably right (when ifs probably not).BLast year, well-known Chinese author Liu Cixin won the Hugo Award with his Three Body Problem. This year, it was Hao Jingfangs turn. The 32-year-old Chinese sci-fi writer won for Best Novelette (中篇小说)，1 (beat) out no less than Stephen King with he

13、r work Folding Beijing (translated by Ken Liu).Halos novelette is set in a Beijing of the future, _2 the city folds up every 24 hours 3(allow) it to be occupied by different groups of people. The city 4 (divide) up into different spaces based on social classes, 5 the three different social classes l

14、ive not only separated by space, but by time. Hao says that the story 6 (inspire) by what she witnessed around her every day in Beijing, 7_(particular) one Beijing taxi driver who complained to her about 8 hard it was for him to get his kids into kindergarten.Hao started writing sci-fi stories after

15、 graduating with a degree in physics from Tsinghua University in 2006. Since 2013, she 9(work) at the China Development Research Foundation. She has already published two full-length novels, Wandering MA earth and Return to Charon, as well as a short story 10 (collect) , Star Travellers.(二)短文改金昔It w

16、as Katias birthday. Her friends were met at Mamma Micas for a special birthday dinner. Katia was excited and got there at exact 7 oclock, the time they have arranged to meet.The restaurant quickly filled up with customers, but nobody of them were Katias friends. She waited anxiously at 7： 30. Then s

17、he called her friends, but they didnt answer. uWhat5s gone on? ” she wondered.At 8 Katia went to home. They had forgotten her birthday and she felt miserable. She opened the door and walked into the dark house. Suddenly lights went on and all their friends jumped up and shouted Surprise!t So they ha

18、dnt forgotten and in the end it was the better birthday ever.BOn happinessWe all want to increase our happiness. In order to make ourselves happier we should make really efforts above all.What came first is that we should have a goal, that can keep us working hard. Without goals and plans to reach i

19、t, you are like a ship that has set sail with no destination. Secondly, we should make friends with those who would offer help and encouragement especially when we are in a need. Lastly, we should seize it once we find an opportunity. Only when we seize the opportunities to find better ways to worki

20、ng can we find out the real value among ourselves. And only in way can we achieve true happiness in life.答案（一）语法填空A【语篇导读】做选择题时应该坚持最初的选项吗？研究说明，这是错误的应 试策略，之所以很多人依然奉行这个原那么，是因为本来选对却改错了，比不改 而做错要令人痛苦得多，并且在心理上留下太深的记忆。ino考查介词。if in trouble意为如果遇到麻烦。conductedo考查非谓语动词。该处是动词-ed形式作后置定语，修饰33 different studiesolow

21、ero考查形容词比拟级。该段分析了针对70多年间33项研究的一项 调查结果，修改选择题答案的人比不修改的人考试结果更好，在这些研究中没 有哪一项结果显示人们因改变主意得分更低。该处使用比拟级的依据在于 people who change their answers do better0when/ifo考查连词引导时间状语从句。该句含有一个that引导的宾语从 句，从句中又含有一个when引导的时间从句，也可以把它看作一个if引导的 条件从句，其实该处用when也含有轻微的条件之意。解题时应根据语境研究 两个分句之间的关系。ito考查代词。该处用it指代，上文中的when/if从句中所提到的yo

22、ur answer0iso考查动词的时态和主谓一致。通过整体阅读得知文章的时态基调为现 在时，且该句主语为动词-ing形式sticking with your first answer,故填is。partly0考查副词。partly（一定程度上，局部地）与because连用，理 解为“局部原因是painfuL考查形容词。该处用形容词作连系动词feel的表语。changed。考查动词的时态。该句表达的意思是“对改错答案的次数记得清 楚得多”，由此，记住的是过去的事情，故填changed。ourselveso考查反身代词。该句可以紧缩为we convince ourselves that当主语和其

23、宾语一致时，宾语用相应的反身代词。仁吾篇导读】继刘慈欣之后，2016年8月20日第二位中国作家郝景芳以她 的中篇北京折叠荣膺雨果奖。本文介绍其故事梗概和创作灵感，以及作家 的重要作品。beatingo考查非谓语动词。该句前半局部已经是一个结构完整的简单句， 空缺处的处理有两种可能：一是用“and beat”与前一分句的谓语动词won构成 并列谓语，如此一来不仅这种并列关系值得商榷，也违背填空原那么即beat的“适 当形式”不可能包含and一词，所以这种思路是错误的；那么正确的做法是考虑 beat与主语the 32-year-old Chinese sci-fi writer是主谓关系，应填入b

24、eating, 作状语表示行为方式。whereo考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，从句不缺少主语，先行词a Beijing of the future在从句中作地点状语，故填where0to allowo考查非谓语动词。在该定语从句中，用不定式to allow作状语 表示folds up every 24 hours的目的。isdividedo考查一般现在时的被动语态。小说、戏剧、电影等情节介绍应 该用一般现在时，且语境中已有相关的时态提示词。主语the dty是动作divide 的承受者，故填is divided。ando考查并列连词。空缺前后为两个有并列关系的陈述分句，故填andowas i

25、nspiredo考查一般过去时的被动语态。该句中作者郝景芳陈述北 京折叠的创作灵感，根据该句后面所用的时态皆为一般过去时可知，此处应 用一般过去时，且主语the story是动作inspire的承受者，故填was inspiredoparticularlyo考查副词。该处用副词作状语，强调她的创作灵感来源。howo考查“副词how+形容词”引导感叹句。该感叹句在句中作宾语。has workedo考查现在完成时。“since 2013”是现在完成时的标志性时间 指示语。collectiono考查名词。该处指的是作者的一本短篇小说集星旅人。 （二）短文改错【语篇导读】朋友们决定在Mamma Mia

26、s意式餐馆为Katia举办庆生宴。 Katia在餐馆等待多时之后悻悻地回到家，发现朋友们全都在她家里。她收获了 一个惊喜。第1处：考查动词的时态。文章接下来提到Katia准时到达，即明确地指示 了“朋友们计划在Mamma Mias为Katia庆生”应该是过去将来时。根据改错的 经济原那么，将met改为meeting,即用过去进行时表示过去将来时间，不宜改 为 going to meeto第2处：考查副词。表示刚刚好7点钟应该是exactly 7 oclock,故将exact 改为 exactly o第3处：考查动词的时态。由第一段可知，聚会的时间安排显然在Katia到 达餐馆之前，需用过去完成

27、时，故将have改为had。第4处：考查不定代词。不定代词nobody后不能接of短语，且其后的谓语 动词应用单数；none后可以接of短语，其后的动词既可以用单数形式，也可 以用复数形式。故将nobody改为none。第5处：考查介词。作者要表达的意思是一直焦急地等到七点半”，故将at 改为until或tilL第6处：考查动词的时态。go on在文中意为“发生”，通常用进行式“be going on,故将 gone 改为 going。第7处：考查副词。home往往作副词，用于诸如go/get/arrive/be/stay home 的搭配中，故删去home之前的介词too第8处：考查冠词。文中lights特指Katia家中的灯，故在该词前加上定冠 词 the。第9处：考查物主代词。all their friends