第二章词义选择的准确性

1、第二章词义选择的准确性从安徽大学MTI班论文答辩情况看词义选择的重要性:1. WhileBrittanyremainsanintegralpartofFrance,thecreationofaScottishParliamentandaWelshAssemblyinthe1990sbroughtpoliticalautonomyfromEngland.【原译】布列塔尼作为法国的一部分，在20世纪90年代加入了苏格兰国会和威尔士议会，让它得到了英国的政治自治权。论文作者说明：在查阅资料后，没有找到布列塔尼地区政体的介绍，这里的原文也没有做更为详细的介绍，对于这里为什么会出现ScottishPar

2、liament、WelshAssembly、politicalautonomyfromEngland感至U费解。【改译】虽然布列塔尼仍然是法国不可或缺的一部分，但是，二十世纪九十年代，在苏格兰产生了议会,在威尔士产生了国民大会,它们从英国获得了政治上的自治。2. Theorigins,identity,andgeographicparametersoftheYueareasourceofscholarlycontroversy.TheYuepresumablylivedsouthoftheYangziRiver,possiblylivingasfarassouthernandsoutheast

3、erncoastsofpresent-dayChina.【原译】越人的出身地、身份及地理参数是学术界一直争论的话题。据推测，越人以前是住在长江南岸，可能最远会到今天中国的南疆和东南疆。【改译】越人的出身地、身份及地理位置都是学术争论的话题。越人大概住在长江以南，可能最远至今天中国的南部和东南部沿海地区。3. Theselawswererevisedandfinallycastontoatripodin513BCE.【原译】这些法律被修订并且最后在公元前513年投射到三角鼎上。【改译】这些法律被修订之后，最终于公元前513年被浇铸在一个三角鼎In332BCE,AlexandertheGreatw

4、aswelcomedtoEgypt,andheabsorbedtheNileValleyintohisempire.【原译】公元332年，亚历山大大帝进入埃及，并将尼罗河村列入其帝国范围之内。【改译】公元前332年，亚历山大大帝受恭迎进入埃及，将尼罗河谷列入其帝国范围。本章主要内容：第一节科技英语词汇的来源、分类及特征1. 科技英语词汇的来源和分类2. 科技英语词汇的构词特征3. 科技英语词汇的其他特征第二节科技英语词汇语义的确定及翻译1. 根据词汇的联立关系确定词义2. 根据词汇的语法功能确定词义3. 根据专业领域确定词义第三节科技英语词汇的认知隐喻1. 隐喻创造科技英语词汇的重要手段2.

5、科技英语术语与隐喻3. 英汉认知隐喻对比及其翻译练习Combustionaerosol燃烧气溶胶(2)basebandtransmission通信基带传输ultra-highcapacity超大容量能力constructionjoint建施工缝(4) systemstructureparameters系统结构参数speeddial快速拨号(7) lithosphere地岩石圈metabolism新陈代谢(8) potentiometer电工学电位计；电势(差)计；电位器；分压器desalinization化工土壤脱盐(9) bivalve双壳贝；无脊椎双壳类动物；植物学有双瓣的T-track锤

6、形轨迹句子(2)Allglassisproducedbymelting,butthisstageiswherethefloatglassprocessisunique.Themoltenglassflowsoutofthefurnaceontoabathofmoltentin.Itfloatsontopofthetin,hencethenamefloatglass”.【参考译文】所有的玻璃都是通过熔化生产出来的，但浮法玻璃工艺的独特之处就在这个(熔化)阶段。熔融的玻璃从窑炉中流到锡液槽上。玻璃在锡上漂浮，“浮法玻璃”因此而得名。(3)Mostofthesesingle-celledformsm

7、akelightwhenevertheyarestimulatedorirritatedbysomethingaroundthem.Somekinds,however,producelightonlyatnight.【参考译文】大多数这些单细胞体在受到周围的东西刺激或被激怒时，都能发光。不过，有些只能在夜间发光。（6）Highresolutionandaccuraciescanbeobtained,andthesedevicesmaybemechanicallycoupledtoprovideadirectdigitaloutputofanyparameterwhichgivesrisetoa

8、measurablephysicaldisplacement.【参考译文】（利用这些设备）能达到很高的分辨率和精度，而且这些设备可以进行机械连接，实现引起某个可测量物理偏移的任何参数的直接数字输出。（8）Eachtimealivewireissurroundedbyamagneticfield,theforceactingonthewireisproportionaltothecurrentandthestrengthofthefield.【参考译文】每当电线通电，其周围就产生磁场。作用于电线的磁势力（大小）与电流和磁场力成正比。（10）Thereasonthatevenminuteconce

9、ntrationsofrecalcitrantcompoundscanbeharmfulisthephenomenonknownasbiomagnification,wherebyaconcentrationoftoxicchemicalsbyorganismsoccursnotonlyinaseriesofstepsupthefoodchain,butalsobydirectuptakefromwater.【参考译文】由于一种叫做生物放大效应的现象，甚至浓度很小的难分解化合物也是有害的。据此，生物体内有毒化学药剂浓度不仅会在食物链的一系列步骤中升高，而且也会因从水中直接摄入而升高。Thefo

10、llowingisanexampleshowinghowbio-magnificationtakesplaceinnature:Ananchovy（凤尾鱼）eatszoo-planktonthathastinyamountsofmercurythatthezoo-planktonhaspickedupfromthewaterthroughouttheanchovieslifespan.Atuna（金枪鱼）eatsmanyoftheseanchoviesoveritslife,accumulatingthemercury（汞）ineachofthoseanchoviesintoitsbody.I

11、fthemercurystuntsthegrowthoftheanchovies,thattunaisrequiredtoeatmorelittlefishtostayalive.Becausetherearemorelittlefishbeingeaten,themercurycontentismagnified.Biologicalmagnificationoftenreferstotheprocesswherebycertainsubstancessuchaspesticidesorheavymetalsmoveupthefoodchain,worktheirwayintoriverso

12、rlakes,andareeatenbyaquaticorganismssuchasfish,whichinturnareeatenbylargebirds,animalsorhumans.Thesubstancesbecomeconcentratedintissuesorinternalorgansastheymoveupthechain.Bioaccumulantsaresubstancesthatincreaseinconcentrationinlivingorganismsastheytakeincontaminatedair,water,orfoodbecausethesubstan

13、cesareveryslowlymetabolizedorexcreted（排泄）.五、段落Semiconductorlasersarebuiltonflat,layeredchips.Theyincludealayerofn-typesemiconductor,whichislacedwithanimpuritythatgivesitspare,negativelychargedelectrons,andap-typelayer,whichisdeficientinelectrons,andsobehavesasifitcontainedspare,positivelychargedhole

14、s”Supplyingelectricalenergytothechipelevatestheelectronstoanexcitedstate.Lightisgeneratedwhensomeoftheexcitedelectronscombinewithholesinanintermediatejunctionlayerbetweenthetwotypesofsemiconductor.Thissetsoffacascadewithinthejunctionlayer,asthelightfromthefirstelectronsstimulatesotherstoemitlight.【参

15、考译文】在扁平的分层集成电路片上嵌入半导体激光器。它们包括一层n型半导体（掺入一种（受主）杂质使其拥有多余的负荷电子）和一层p型半导体（因缺少电子，其表现为好像含有多余的正荷“空穴”）。向集成电路片供电能使电子处于某种激励状态。两类半导体之间在中间结层中，当某些受激励的电子与空穴结合时，就产生了光。因为第一批电子发出的光刺激其他的电子发光，就引起了结层内的级联（反应）。八、篇章2013FresnelPrizeAwardedtoChenYuao,AYoungQuantumScientistfromUSTCOnMay14th,CHENYuao（陈宇翱），a32-year-oldphysicssci

16、entistfromUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina（USTC）,wasawardedthe2013Fresnel（菲涅尔）PrizebytheEuropeanPhysicalSocietyinMunich,Germany,with“hisoutstandingcontributionstoquantummanipulation（量子操纵）basedonphottonsandcoldatomsaswellasinthefieldofquantuminformationandquantumsimulation”.TheFresnelPrizeisna

17、medafterAugustin-JeanFresnel,thegreatestopticistinthe19thcentury,whichisregardedasthehighesthonorforyoungscientistsgloballyinthefieldofquantumelectronicsandquantumoptics,foreverytwoyears,twoyoungscientistsundertheageof35wereawardedtheprize,oneinthefieldofbasicresearchandtheotherinthefieldofappliedre

18、search.Overthepastyears,Chenandhiscolleagueshavemaderemarkablecontributionsinquantumstudies.In2004,forinstanee,heandhiscolleaguesconstructedthefirstexperimentplatformoffive-photonentanglement（五光子纠缠）intheworld,whichestablishedtheinternationalleadingpositioninthemulti-photonentanglementmanipulationfor

19、China.In2012,theyhavedemonstratedquantumteleportation（量子远距传态）ofindependentqubits（量子比特）overa97-kilometreone-linkfree-spacechannelwithmulti-photonentanglement,whichofferedtechnicalpreconditionforthefirstpossiblequantumexperimentalsatellite.Tillnow,Chinaleadstheworldinsomequantuminformationstudieslikephotonentanglementandquantumcryptography（密码系统）.Chenpresentedhisextraordinarytalentsinphysicsstudiessinceyoungage.Hewonthetitleof"Champion"ofboththeoriesandexperimentsinthe29thInternationalPhysicsOl