高考英语之概要写作技巧

1、高考英语之概要写作技巧Howtowriteasummary?1随着2017上海英语高考新增加summarywriting版块，大家也越来越多地开始关注概要写作”，为2018高考做好准备。今天，我们将从学习和教学的角度来谈谈概要写作”。Whatisasummary?通常，Summary的定义如下:Asummaryisawritten,shortenedversionofapieceofwritinginwhichyouuseyourwordingtoexpressthemainideas.(LeeBrandon,KellyBrandon,2014)解读概要写作就是用自己的语言概括原文的主旨大意和

2、核心信息。其中，关键词是：mainideas,shortenedversion,yourwording,强调用自己的语言“说出主旨”。其实，summarywriting中不仅仅包括主旨，也应该包含文中最主要的核心信息。Howtowriteasummary?英语强调学习过程，所以summarywriting也不例外。我们可以将summarywriting分为两个环节：beforeyouwriteasummary以及whenyouwriteasummary.并可以大致细化为以下步骤：Beforeyouwriteasummary1. Readtheentiretextandaskyourselfwh

3、attheauthor'spurposeis.2. Rereadtheintroductoryparagraph(s)andfindthethesisstatement.3. Rereadtherestofthetext.Ineachparagraph,highlight,underline,orcirclethemainideaandkeypointYoucanalsoannotatetheimportantinformation.Whenyouwriteasummary1. Beginbystatingthetitleofthetext,theauthor,sfullname(if

4、itsgiven),andhisorherpurposeforwriting.2. Usethetextyouhighlightedorannotatedtoexplaintheauthorsthesisandmainideas.3. Rememberto:keepthesummaryshort(aboutone-thirdtoone-fourthaslongastheoriginal).includeonlytheoriginaltextsmainideas.Donotincludedetails,examples,informationthatisnotintheoriginal,oryo

5、urownopinion.writethesummarymostlyinyourownwordsbutdonotchangetheauthorsideas.(Thisiscalledparaphrasing.)曲读1、内容：除了文章的标题和作者之外，主旨和核心信息必不可少。如何概括主旨以及提取核心信息这又是一个新话题了，牵涉到学生的对文本主旨的把握、对文章结构的理解、对核心细节的甄别等，在之后的haveatry当中，大家可以体会一下。2、语言：必须是你自己的语言(yourwording)0即，你必须通过paraphrase的方式用自己的语言进行概要写作。如果一定要用到原文的句子，必须使用quo

6、tationmark(引号”)表示弓I用。3、长度：LeeBrandon和KellyBrandon(2014)认为summary应该是原文的1/3到1/4之间，DebraDaise(2016)等人认为：Reducethelengthoftheoriginalbyabouttwo-thirds,althoughtheexactreductionwillvary,dependingonthecontentoftheoriginal.所以summary的长度大约就应该在原文的1/3左右。Haveatry下面的活动设计有很多Scaffolding(脚手架)帮你完成，感受一下summarywriting

7、的写作过程吧。Summarizethefollowingpassage.PreparingforYourFirstJobInterviewByJimSweenyYouvejustgraduatedfromschool.Nowcomesthescarypart:interviewingforyourfirstjob.Formanyrecentgraduates,thisisananxiety-provokingtime.However,therearesomesimplewaystoprepareforthischallengingexperience.First,youshouldmakeal

8、istofthequestionsyoumightbeasked.Inmanyjobinterviews,youhavetoanswerquestionsaboutyouracademicexperienceandhowithaspreparedyouforthejob.Forexample,youmightbeaskedtodiscusshowyourparticipationinstudentgovernmentorsportshasgivenyouexperienceworkingonateam.Youwill,ofcourse,alsobeaskedhowyourexperiencea

9、ndtalentsfitwiththecompanysgoals.Onceyou'vegotyourquestion,youshouldthenthinkaboutpossibleanswersandpracticerespondingtothem.Employerswillexpectyoutotalkindetailaboutyourexperienceanduseexamples.Makesurethatyouranswersdescribeparticularsituationsyoufaced,theactionsyoutookandtheresultsyouachieved

10、.Onceyouvegotyourresponses,trypracticingonyourfriendsorfamilymembers.Thiswillmakeyoufeelcomfortablespeakinginfrontofaperson.Finally,dontgetdiscouragedifyouarenthiredthefirst,second,orthirdtimeyouinterview.Thinkofeveryinterviewaspracticeforthemostimportantone:theinterviewthatwillgetyouajob.(222words)

11、#如果觉得一下子有困难，不妨先尝试思考并回答以下问题。1. Whatistheauthorspurposeforwritingthetext?A. Hesdescribinghisfirstjobinterviewexperience.B. HescomparingandcontrastingtwointerviewingstylesC. Hesexplaininghowtogetreadyforajobinterview.2. Whatisthethesisstatement?3. Whatarethetwomainideasthatsupportthethesisstatement?4.

12、Inthelastparagraph,howdoestheauthorconcludethearticle?A. Herestatesthearticlesmainpoints.B. Hemakesafinalsuggestion.C. Hemakesapredictionaboutthefuture.如果如果你回答了以上问题，你已经对原文的mainidea和keyinformation有了大致了解，动手写概要，八九不离十了。#写概要的时候，下面的checklist或许还可以帮你反思并规范内容。Yoursummary1. presentstheoriginaltext'stitle.2

13、. presentstheauthor'sfullname.3. presentstheauthor'spurposeforwriting.4. identifiesthethesisstatement.5. identifiesallofthetext'smainideas.6. selectsthekeyinformationinthetext.7. doesnotincludedetailsorotherinformationnotinthetext.8. ismostlywritteninyourownwords.9. isclearandeasytofollo

14、w.如果你实在懒得写，你就根据上面的checklist对下面两篇同伴作品做一个判断吧Whichofthefollowingtwosummariesisbetter?Why?Summary1IntheessayPreparingforYourFirstJobInterview:authorJimSweenygivesadvicetorecentgraduateswhoareinterviewingfortheirfirstjob.Specifically,hesaysthattherearethingstheycandotopreparefortheinterview.First,Sweenyt

15、ellsstudentsthattheyshouldmakealistofquestionstheymightbeasked.Thesequestionsareusuallyabouthowapersonsschoolexperiencerelatestothejobheorsheisapplyingfor.ThenSweenysaysthatstudentsshouldprepareanswerstothequestionsandpracticerespondingtothem,andheexplainsawaytodothis.Inconclusion,hetellsstudentsnot

16、togetdiscouragedbytheinterviewingprocess.Summary2IntheessayHowtoPrepareforYourFirstInterview,"authorSweenygivesadvicetorecentgraduateswhoareinterviewingfortheirfirstjob.Hesaysthatlookingforafirstjobisstressful,buttherearewaystoprepareforaninterview.Sweenysaysthatstudentsshouldbepreparedtoanswerquestionsabouttheirschoolexpe