新概念英语四册课堂笔记Lesson31：Non-auditoryEffectsofNois

1、新概念英语四册课堂笔记 Lesson 31 ： Non-auditory Effects of NoisLesson 31 Non-auditory Effects of Noise噪音的非听觉效应Many people in industry and the Services, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time; they are not prepared even to admit the possibility that

2、noise affects people. On the other hand, those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society. This is a pity, because noise abatement really is a good cause. and it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with badscience.On

3、e allegation often made is that noise produces mental illness. A recent article in a weekly newspaper, for instance, was headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, with the caption 'She was yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck '. On turning

4、 eagerly to the text, one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital. Now the snag inthis sort of anecdote is of course that one cannot distinguish cause and effect. Was the noise a cause

5、 of the illness, or were the complaints about noise merely a symptom? Another patient might equally well complain that herneighbours were combining to slander her and persecute her, and yet one might be cautious about believing this statement.theWhat is needed in the case of noise is a study of larg

6、e numbers of people living under noisy conditions, to discover whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are. The United States Navy, for instance, recently examined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers study was known as Project Anehin. It can be unpleasant to li

7、ve even several miles from an aerodrome; if you think what it must be like to share the deck of a ship with several squadrons of jet aircraft, you will realize that a modern navy is a good place to study noise. But neither psychiatric interviews nor objective tests were able to show any effects upon

8、 these American sailors. This result merely confirms earlier American and British studies： if there is any effectof noise upon mental health it must be so small that present methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it. That does not prove that it does not exist; but it does mean that noise is le

9、ss dangerous than, say, being brought up in an orphanages-which really is a mental health hazard.New words and expressions 生词短语 likely=possibly deposited=saved=piled up 堆积 mud (from the seashore) the man and the like ： 就他那样的人(否定意义) cover over ： 全部覆盖第一段：强调句1. 加原因状语2. 加地点状语favourable=good=idealsmall f

10、raction 小部分that die 已死的或将要死的feed on : 靠为生 I feed on rice./l feed rice. (F) I feedthe baby.live by : 通过 live by the hands 自力更生 live by the mountainslive on=feed ondead or alive 连缀形容词要做后置定语ecological chain : 生物链 the law of the jungle, survival of the fittestchance=accidental 偶尔 chance meeting 邂逅 chanc

11、e company 萍 水相逢on land 陆路seldom=hardlyinnumerable=numeroussee sb doing sth.fly about : 四外飞翔 go about : 转一转not to mention : 更不用说 = let alone= not to speak ofcome across=run into带 other ，一般用单数词， any(some)other ： 任何一个 traces=remainsasaswhen： 时间状语(接 by falling into inaccessible caves, or into an ice cre

12、vasse )一方面，另一方面refrigerator ： refrige preserved ： 做主语的宾语补足语 in good condition ： 完好状态 tar pits ： 焦油坑 collected=assembled 汇集 the carnivores ： 肉食动物 Notes on the text 课文注释 industry 工业方面，工业界 Services ： in America means army; serviceman ： 军人 ex-serviceman 退伍军人 总统 ex-wife 前妻 My ex-job is a secretary. ex-pr

13、esident 前总统 present president 现任on the one hand. on the other handmost 前不加定冠词相当于 verygood cause=good thingand 在这儿表转折mental illness 精神病weekly newspaper 周刊报纸head with 头版头条 carry the news on the front page considerable 极度的reduce （在这）= made （reduce to tears; reduce to laughter; reduce to a skeleton）text 文字说明； turning to转向； on： as soon asanecdote 轶闻（绝大部分情况下 unreal ）might well 或许能够symptom=signcautious=carefulstatement 这桩事equally 同样地might well/may well = have reas on to do sth. or be reas on ableShe may well be proud of her son. 她有理由为她的儿子骄傲。You may well refuse him. 你有理由拒绝他。the United S