高考英语动词及短语辨义练习

高考英语动词及短语辨义练习高考英语动词及短语辨义练习高考英语动词及短语辨义练习 本文简介：高考英语动词及短语辨义练习动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie,lay;hanged,hung;rise,raise;sit,seat等。2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：bor。高考英语动词及短语辨义练习高考英语动词及短语辨义练习动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie,lay;hanged,hung;rise,raise;sit,seat等。2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow,lend;speak,say,talk;hope,wish等。3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise,advice;cost,worth;pass,past等。4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain,say;discover,invent,uncover;find,findout等。5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask,give,call,make,find,get,keep,want,see,hear等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：givein,giveup,turnon,turnoff,turndown,turnup等。动词1、lay（放）,lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：中文原形过去式过去分词现在分词说明放laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。3、hear与listento：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listento是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listento却用于集中注意力的听。4、see,watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Areyougoingtoplayoronlywatch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：Thelittleboylookedmeintheface.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）5、wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。6、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。7、hear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当beborn短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:HewasborninShanghai.而作它用时要用borne。如：Shehasbornefivechildren.但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。8、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用beseated。如：Theywereseatedattheirdesks.或用seatoneself,比如:Iseatedmyselfinthearmchair.9、borrow,lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。10、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，agame,anargument,abattle,aprize,acontest,arace,abet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:Ihavewonhim.即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。11、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物from某人、某地，而rob其后接人of抢的物品。12、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。13、take,bring与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。14、shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shutyourmouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shutup.在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。15、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answerfor，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。16、reach，arrive与getto：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有getto,arrive(at/in)。17、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost,spend,take，但各有不同用法。cost作“花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如:shespentallhismoneyonstamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如Ittakesmethreehourstofinishthiswork.。18、lost,gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost,gone，但要用miss时则不能用missed,而要用missing。19、haveon,wear,puton及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。haveon与wear作穿着状态讲;但haveon不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。puton是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:Hewasdressedinab1uesuit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：Idressmychildreninthemorningeveryday。20、begin与startbegin与Start均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:weshou1dhavetostartearlybecausetherewasalottrafficinthestreet。21、allow与permitallow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：Peoplearenotallowedtospit.22、find与foundfind找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：ThePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.23、speak,say,talk与tell英文中讲有4个词，speak,say,talk,tell，但其中speak,talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：PleasespeakEnglish。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tellmeastory。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：Mywatchwasbroken.Itcouldnttelltimecorrectly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为Itsaid。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Canyoutellmethedifferencebetweenthetwo？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：Thefatheralwaysspeakswellofhisson.。24、excuseme与sorryexcuseme用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。25、carefor与caretodocarefor其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：Wouldyoucareforacupoftea？但carefor作照顾讲时与lookafter相同。26、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.),advice(n.);accept(v.),except(prep.);pass(v.),past(prep.);bathe(v.),bath(n.);breathe(v.),breath(n.);choose(v.),choice(n.);succeed(v.),success(n.);27、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。28、动词副词介词：catchupwith,lookforwardto,comeupwith,keepupwith,goinfor,lookdownon,getonwith29、动词介词to的词组有：cometo,stickto,objectto,agreeto,turnto,attendto,belongto,devoteto,replyto30、与in相结合的动词有：givein,handin,bringin,dropin,succeedin,takein,checkin,engagein,fillin,tradein动词短语总结及运用举例agreeon商定，决定，达成共识Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonthandanewcompanyhasbeenstarted.SIL22)agreetodosth.同意做某事Dotheyagreetosowwheatclosetogether?(SIL95)add.to.把加到上Chaplinsearliestfilmsweresilent,becausetheequipmentforaddingsoundtofilmshadnotyetbeendeveloped.(SIL18)ask.for询问、向要Nowaskyourpartnerfortheanswers.(SIL9)beabouttodosth.即将做ThisafternoonIwasjustabouttogoswimmingwhenluckilyourguidesawmeandshoutedatme,“Stop!Dontswim!“(SIL14)beanxiousabout为而忧虑Wevebeenanxiousaboutyou.(SIIL41)bebusywith忙于Heisalwaysbusywithhisfarmwork.(SIL93)befitfor适合于Ifwegoonpollutingtheworld,itwontbefitforustolivein.(SIIL33)befondof爱好、喜爱TheIrishareveryfondofmusicandpoems.(SIL87)bemadefrom由制造Thepowderismadefromfish,bloodandbones.(SIL17)bemadeupof由组成TheUKismadeupoffourcountries.(SIL86)befamiliarwith对熟悉Oh,attheendsomesongsthateveryonesfamiliarwith,thentheycanjoinin.(SIIL81)befamousfor因著名Plantsgrowwellalltheyearroundandtheparksandgardensarefamousfortheirflowers.(SIIL26)bepopularwithsb.受某人欢迎ItispopularwithstudentsofEnglish,whoreaditinordertoimprovetheirEnglish.(SIIL15)berichin在充足（充裕）Itisrichinfibreandlowinsugarandfat.(SIL58)betiredof厌烦做某事Ireallyenjoyit,butImtiredofsomuchreading.(SIL53)beuncertainabout对不确定ThedevelopmentoffilmswithsoundbecameaproblemforChaplin,ashewasuncertainaboutmakingfilmswithdialogue.(SIIL18)beusedto习惯于Whensmokerswhoareusedtonicotinegowithoutitforanhourortwo,theybegintofeelbad.(SIIL7)beat.todeath打死Illneverforgetthetimewhenmyfatherwasbeatentodeath.(SIL51)begonespardon请原谅Begyourpardon.(SIIL63)begin.with从开始Begineachsentencewiththewordsinbold.(SIL23)breakawayfrom脱离LincolnsaidthatitwasnotrightforthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.(SIL50)breakout突然发生、爆发Fightingbrokeoutbetweenthetwo.(SIL50)breaktherule违反规定Everyoneobeystherules;anyonewhobreakstherulesispunished.(SIL18)bringdown.降低Canyoutrytogetthemtobringdowntheprice?(SIL33)使倒下Electricitylinesaswellastelephonepoleswerebroughtdownbyfallingtreesorbranches.bringin引进、引来、吸收TheystartedtouseEnglish,buttheyalsobroughtinsomewordsfromtheirownlanguages.bringon使前进thenitisbroughtonalongaverysmallrailwaylinetoyourseatinfrontofyourtelevisionsothatyoudontevenhavetostandupwhenyougetwhatyouneed.(SIIL3)bringup教育、培养Chaplinwasbroughtupbyhismotherwholearnttodanceatanearlyage.(SIIL20)belongto属于Thefirealsodestroyedcarswhichbelongedtopeoplewhoworkedinthebuilding.(SIL62)blowaway刮走、吹走Strongwindscanalsoblowawaythevaluablesoilthatliesonthetopofthefields.(SIIL34)blowover（风）吹翻、刮翻ThreefamousparksinandaroundLondonhadover1400treesblownover.(SIIL43)blowdown（风）吹倒Fifteenmilliontreeshadbeenblowndownbythehighwinds,blockingroads,pathsandrailwaylines.(SIIL42)burndown把烧成平地、烧光Thebedclothescatchfireandthewholehousemaybeburntdown.(SIIL6)burn.totheground把烧平Inthecountrytherevolutionariessetfiretothenoblescastlesandburntthemtotheground.(SIIL87)cutoff切断Theelectricitywascutoffforseveraldaystoo.(SIL26)callat(aplace)访问（某地）HecalledatthehospitalafterworktofindoutwhetherMrKingwasbetter.(SIL74)callback回电话Canyouaskhimtocallmeback?(SIL101)callfor要求、号召、约请Peoplearecallingforfreedomofallslaves.(SIL52)callin招集、招来Thearmywascalledintocutthroughfallentreesandtohelpcleartheroadsandpaths.(SIL42)callon拜访、访问SoIcalledonyouandaskedifIcouldborrowsomejewellery.(SIL70)catchfire着火Suddenlyapanofoilcatchesfire.(SIL61)carefor喜欢、想要Icareforreadingmagazines.(SIIL16)carryoff夺走Worsestill,itcouldevencarryoffthebabyinitsmouth.(SIIL46)carryout开展、执行、实现Theyarebeingusedmoreandmoretocollectinationabouthespace,tocarryoutexperimentsandtosendtheinationbacktoresearchcentresontheearth.(SIIL55)o把变成，转换成ChangethesesentencesfromDirectSpeechintoIndirectSpeech.(SIL11)clearaway把清除掉Sheisclearingawaythebranchesofthatlargetree.(SIIL43)clearup整理、收拾Everybodyseemstodropwastepaperinthestreet,andnobodyclearsitupattheendoftheday.(SIIL28)comeabout发生、产生Howdidthesedifferencescomeabout?comeacross（偶然）遇到Amanwaswalkingthroughawoodandhecameacrossawood-cutter.(SIL81)comeoff从离开，脱落Myraincoatgotcaughtinthedoorandthebottombuttoncameoff.(SIIL40)comeout出发、出版、发行Howdidtheprintingcomeout?(SIL77)cometo共计、达到Bytheendoftheyear,thetotalmoneycollectedhadcometoover92milliondollars,allofwhichweresenttoAfrica.(SIL103)cometrue变为现实，实现IvealwaysdreamtofcomingtoChina,andnowmydreamhascometrue.(SIIL77)comeup抬头、上来、上升Putshisheadunderwater,butsooncomesupforbreath.(SIIL61)compareto与相比Inthe16-19agegroup,32%ofwomensmoke,comparedto28%ofmen.(SIIL6)compare.with把与进行比较SometimesitisnecessarytocompareEnglishwithChinese.(SIIL8)connectto连接、相连Theroom,connectedtotherestofthehousebyalongpassage,wascompletelyempty.(SIIL59)Youjustpressthenumbersandthephonewillconnectyoutotherightnumber.(SIIL91)connectwith与相连Howisonetelephoneconnectedwithanothertoday?(SIIL90)consider.as把（某人）看作Today,AbrahamLincolnisconsideredasoneofthegreatestofallAmericanpresidents.(SIL50)consider.tobe把。看作是thepeoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader,andawise,kindandhonestman.(SIL50)considerdoing.考虑做某事Haveyouconsideredhavingawalkaftersupper?(SIL53)cutoff切断Manytownsandvillageshadtheirwatersupplycutoffbecausetherewasnoelectricity.(SIIL42)cutthrough剪断、凿穿Thearmywascalledintocutthroughfallentreesandtohelpcleartheroadsandpaths.(SIIL42)cutup齐根割掉、切碎“Imcuttingthistreeup.“(SIIL61)dealwith处理、对付Hereissomeadvicefordealingwithcommoninjuries.(SIIL30)dependon依靠、相信、信赖youcandependonus,sir.(SIIL38)dieof死于Tensofthousandsofpeoplediedofhunger.(SIL87)dieout消失、灭亡However,manyofthesearedyingout.(SIIL35)o.把分成Irelandisdividedintotwocountries.(SIL86)doagooddeed做件好事Quarrellingoftenwithhisfriends,Sydneywasdeterminedtodoagooddeed.(SIIL87)doonesbest尽某人的最大努力Thefarmersdotheirbesttosupplythemarketwithenoughvegetables.(SIL32)dosb.afavor帮某人一个忙Domethefavortoputonthisshirt,andthissuit.(SIIL38)dowell做的好Hesdoingwellinthenavy.(SIIL61)dowrong做坏事、犯罪Evremondefamilyhaddonemuchwrong.(SIIL87)dreamof向往、渴望、梦想I“vealwaysdreamtofcomingtoChina,andnowmydreamhascometrue.(SIIL77)dropin顺便走访